CN114467599A - Fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for Or - Google Patents

Fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for Or Download PDF

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CN114467599A
CN114467599A CN202111655290.XA CN202111655290A CN114467599A CN 114467599 A CN114467599 A CN 114467599A CN 202111655290 A CN202111655290 A CN 202111655290A CN 114467599 A CN114467599 A CN 114467599A
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fertilizer
seedlings
parts
planting
root
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刘芳玲
蓝正群
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
    • A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
    • A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
    • A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
    • A01N33/22—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom and at least one nitro group directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A01N41/08—Sulfonic acid halides; alpha-Hydroxy-sulfonic acids; Amino-sulfonic acids; Thiosulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/82—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23—Solutions

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or, which comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation; (2) pretreatment of seedlings; (3) planting seedlings; (4) managing fertilizers; (5) managing insect pests; (6) and (6) harvesting. The roots of the fertile citrus seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment are developed, the growth speed of the roots of fertile citrus plants after planting is higher, the transverse width of the root coverage is wider, the longitudinal depth is deeper, the developed roots can effectively absorb more soil nutrients and the fertility of applied fertilizers, and the efficient fertilizer-saving effect is achieved; in the root increasing treatment process, black plastic bags are sleeved on the tops of the Or seedlings for a certain time, the number of the leaves of the Or seedlings can be reduced, the root increasing effect is better, the number of the leaves of the Or seedlings cannot be increased, the water and energy required by the Or seedlings after field planting are smaller, and the survival rate of the Or seedlings after field planting is higher.

Description

Fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for Wo oranges
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Wo oranges.
Background
The Or (Or orange) is a late-maturing hybrid orange variety, which is obtained from hybrid of "Temple" orange and "Danxi" red orange, and fragrant orange, red orange, Poncirus trifoliata and Poncirus trifoliata can be selected as stock in production, but grafting incompatibility exists between the orange and Poncirus trifoliata and is avoided. The mature period of the Wo oranges is 2-3 months, and the ugly oranges belong to spring oranges. Its natural fruit retention time can be from about 2 months of maturity to 7-8 months. The early autumn branch is mainly taken as a bearing mother branch, the bearing branch is mostly provided with leaf flower branches, and the fruit setting rate of the middle lower part of a crown is higher. And (3) carrying out field planting on the trifoliate orange-Wo citrus grafted seedlings for 3 years, wherein the plant yield in the 4 th year can reach 5.1 kg, and the plant yield in the 5 th year can reach 19.7 kg. A small amount of flowers can be tried in 2 years by changing the yield of the Wo oranges on No. 1 interstocks in south of China, the yield of each plant is between 3.4 kilograms and 10.4 kilograms, the yield of each plant in 3 years can reach 17.2 kilograms, and the yield per mu is about 1400 kilograms. The yield of the Wo oranges is high, the fruits drop less in winter, the tree hanging performance is excellent, the fruit picking period is long, and in order to avoid the fruits from being too small and bearing fruits in the big and small years, care should be taken to carry out fruit thinning and picking fruits at proper time during production according to the tree load. The growth vigor of the citrus reticulata is strong, the tree hanging time of fruits is long, the requirement on fertilizer and water is large, a large amount of fertilizer is required in the actual production process, the production cost of fruit growers is greatly increased, and soil pollution can be caused by improper fertilizer application modes.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for citrus reticulata, which is easy to manage and can save fertilizer efficiently.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 50-70 planting pits with the length of 0.8-1 meter, the width of 0.8-1 meter and the height of 1.0-1.3 meters in each mu of land, and uniformly distributing the planting pits on the land; 3) applying 15-20 kg of base fertilizer in each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, putting the Or seedlings into a root increasing agent solution, soaking for 1-3 days for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 6-8 hours in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.15 to 0.18 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 6 to 8 percent of amino acid powder, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of trace element fertilizer, 1.5 to 1.7 percent of sodium humate, 3.5 to 5.5 percent of urea and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1);
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 10-12 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) in the fruit bearing step, ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 300-350 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying the urea in an annular manner by 25-30 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying the foliage with 0.3-0.5 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 35-45 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of trichlorfon granules, 5-8 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 6-10 parts of plant ash, 5-8 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 7-10 parts of clay and 30-40 parts of adhesive;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Further, the base fertilizer in the step (1) is an organic fertilizer.
Further, preparing soil in the step (1): 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60-70 planting pits with the length of 0.9-1 meter, the width of 0.9-1 meter and the height of 1.1-1.3 meters in each mu of land, and uniformly distributing the planting pits on the land; 3) applying 18-20 kg of base fertilizer in each planting pit.
Further, selecting healthy Or seedlings in the step (2), soaking the Or seedlings in a rooting agent solution for 2-3 days to perform rooting treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 7-8 hours in the rooting treatment process to obtain the rooting-treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16-0.18 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7-8 percent of amino acid powder, 1.8-2.5 percent of trace element fertilizer, 1.6-1.7 percent of sodium humate, 4.5-5.5 percent of urea and the balance of sterile water.
Further, the root-increasing agent solution in the step (2) further comprises potassium fulvate, and the weight percentage of the potassium fulvate in the root-increasing agent solution is 2.5% -3.5%.
Further, the time for planting the seedlings in the step (3) is spring.
Further, in the step (4), ditching and annularly applying 320-350 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed pig manure around the crown of the fruiting tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27-30 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35-0.5 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; and ditching and annularly applying 38-45 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months.
Further, in the step (5), the citrus fruit fly insecticide is coated on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of trichlorfon granules, 6-8 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 7-10 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8-10 parts of clay and 35-40 parts of organic adhesive.
Further, the adhesive in the step (5) is prepared by cooking glutinous rice.
Further, the bactrocera dorsalis killing agent in the step (5) also contains 3-5 parts by weight of sulfur powder.
According to the fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for the Or, the planting pit is large in size and deep in depth, and a certain amount of base fertilizer is applied to the planting pit, so that rooting of Or seedlings is facilitated, and quick growth of the Or is assisted; carrying out root increasing treatment on the Or seedlings, adding compound sodium nitrophenolate, amino acid powder, a trace element fertilizer, sodium humate and urea into a root increasing agent solution, wherein the compound sodium nitrophenolate is a strong cell activator, can quickly permeate into the Or seedlings after being contacted with the Or seedlings, promotes the protoplasm flow of cells and improves the cell activity, and then is matched with the amino acid powder, the trace element fertilizer, the sodium humate and the urea, so that the protein synthesis in the Or seedlings can be promoted, the peroxidase activity and the content of endogenous hormones such as cytokinin and the like in the Or seedlings are improved, the sensitivity of tissues in the Or seedlings is changed, the Or seedlings are induced to root, and the root systems of the Or seedlings are developed; the roots of the Wo citrus seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment are developed, the size of the planting pit is proper, the growth speed of the roots of the Wo citrus plants subjected to planting is higher, the transverse width of the covered roots is wider, the longitudinal depth of the covered roots is deeper, the developed roots can effectively absorb more soil nutrients and the fertility of applied fertilizer, and the high-efficiency fertilizer-saving effect is achieved; in the root increasing treatment process, black plastic bags are sleeved on the tops of the Or seedlings for a certain time, the number of the leaves of the Or seedlings can be reduced, the root increasing effect is better, the number of the leaves of the Or seedlings cannot be increased, the water and energy required by the Or seedlings after field planting are smaller, and the survival rate of the Or seedlings after field planting is higher.
According to the fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of the Or, during the hanging of the Or fruit, the citrus fruit can lay eggs in nearly mature fruit peels after eclosion, larvae of the citrus fruit eat the fruit flesh and grow, fruit dropping can be caused by long insects in the fruit, the output and quality of the Or are greatly reduced, the harm of the citrus fruit is serious, and the control of the citrus fruit flies must be carried out; the application optimizes the control method of bactrocera dorsalis, the pesticide consists of trichlorfon granules and chlorpyrifos granules, and can effectively control the bactrocera dorsalis; the plant ash, the bamboo charcoal powder and the clay are added, so that the slow release effect is achieved, the drug effect time is long, the drug does not need to be frequently replaced, and the using effect is good; and the adhesive is also added, so that the citrus fruit fly killing agent can be directly coated on the citrus fruit tree trunk, the agent does not need to be filled in a plastic bottle, and the use is more convenient.
According to the fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for the Or, the fulvic acid potassium is added into the root increasing agent solution, so that the incidence rate of the Or seedling root rot can be reduced, and the planting survival rate is higher; the citrus fruit fly insecticide is also added with sulfur powder, so that the control effect of the citrus fruit fly is better, and larvae in fruit skins can be effectively killed.
Detailed Description
The following examples may help one skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The invention relates to a fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or, wherein trace element fertilizers comprise boron fertilizers, molybdenum fertilizers, manganese fertilizers and copper fertilizers which are mixed at any ratio; the microelement fertilizer can be purchased from the market and used for supplementing the microelements of the Or seedlings.
According to the fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of the Or, during the root increasing treatment, the depth of a root increasing agent solution is kept at 6-9 cm, healthy Or seedlings are directly inserted into the root increasing agent solution and soaked for 1-3 days at room temperature; and (4) carrying out root increasing treatment outdoors, sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings for 6-8 h every day, and taking down the black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings in other time.
According to the fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of the Or citrus, in the daily management in the pest management, except that 20% of a thiazole zinc suspending agent 600-800 times liquid, ethylicin 2000-3000 times liquid, 65% of zineb wettable powder 600-800 times liquid and 10% of imidacloprid powder 700-900 times liquid are alternately sprayed, the pest and disease damage needs to be prevented and controlled according to the actual disease condition of the Or citrus; the disease control takes the principle that the disease prevention is early, and the disease control is preferably carried out at the early stage of disease outbreak.
The invention relates to a fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or, the method comprises the steps of coating a citrus fruit fly killer on the trunk of the Or in the flower bud differentiation period, wherein the weight of the citrus fruit fly killer coated on the trunk of each Or is 30-60 g, and the citrus fruit fly killer is coated once in 2 months; in the actual use process, the bactrocera dorsalis killing agent can be composed of trichlorphon granules, chlorpyrifos granules, plant ash, bamboo charcoal powder and clay, and does not include an adhesive.
The test site is a Wuming district in Nanning City of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi, 22 degrees 59-23 degrees 33 'in northern latitude and 107 degrees 49-108 degrees 37' in east longitude, is positioned at the northern part of the Nanning City, borders the West and southwest with Longan county and Pingguo county, connects the Mashan county in the North and connects the Nano-Nanning city district; the average annual air temperature is 21.7 ℃, the hottest July, the average air temperature is 28.6 ℃, and the extreme highest air temperature is 40.7 ℃; the coldest month of January, the average air temperature is 12.8 ℃; the extreme lowest temperature is-0.8 ℃. The annual rainfall capacity in county is 1100-. But also has the disastrous weather such as cold, drought, waterlogging, wind, hail, ice, frost and the like; the area of the selected planting land is 9 mu.
Example 1
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) 50 planting pits with the length of 0.8 meter, the width of 0.8 meter and the height of 1.0 meter are dug in each mu of land, and the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 15 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, soaking the Or seedlings in a root increasing agent solution for 1 day for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 6 hours in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.15% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 6% of amino acid powder, 1.5% of trace element fertilizer, 1.5% of sodium humate, 3.5% of urea, 2.5% of potassium fulvate and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 10 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 300 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying the urea in an annular manner by 25 kilograms per mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying the foliage with 0.3wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 35 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of dipterex granules, 5 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 3 parts of sulfur powder, 6 parts of wood ash, 5 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 7 parts of clay and 30 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Example 2
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 70 planting pits with the length of 1 meter, the width of 1 meter and the height of 1.3 meters in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 20 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, soaking the Or seedlings in a root increasing agent solution for 3 days to carry out root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 8 hours in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.18 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 8 percent of amino acid powder, 2.5 percent of trace element fertilizer, 1.7 percent of sodium humate, 5.5 percent of urea, 3.5 percent of potassium fulvate and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 12 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) ditching and annularly applying the thoroughly decomposed pig manure 350 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in winter; ditching and applying urea at 30 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.5wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 45 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of dipterex granules, 8 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 5 parts of sulfur powder, 10 parts of wood ash, 8 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 10 parts of clay and 40 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Example 3
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60 planting pits with the length of 0.9 meter, the width of 0.9 meter and the height of 1.1 meter in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 18 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, putting the Or seedlings into a root increasing agent solution to soak for 2 days for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 7 days in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7% of amino acid powder, 1.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.6% of sodium humate, 4.5% of urea, 2.5% of potassium fulvate and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 13 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 320 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 38 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of trichlorfon granules, 6 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 7 parts of wood ash, 6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts of clay and 35 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Example 4
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60 planting pits with the length of 0.9 meter, the width of 0.9 meter and the height of 1.1 meter in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 18 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, putting the Or seedlings into a root increasing agent solution to soak for 2 days for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 7 days in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7% of amino acid powder, 1.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.6% of sodium humate, 4.5% of urea and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 13 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 320 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 38 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of trichlorfon granules, 6 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 7 parts of wood ash, 6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts of clay and 35 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Example 5
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for Or oranges comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60 planting pits with the length of 0.9 meter, the width of 0.9 meter and the height of 1.1 meter in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 18 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, putting the Or seedlings into a root increasing agent solution to soak for 2 days for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 7 days in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7% of amino acid powder, 1.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.6% of sodium humate, 4.5% of urea, 2.5% of potassium fulvate and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 13 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 320 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 38 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly killing agent on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of trichlorfon granules, 6 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 7 parts of wood ash, 6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts of clay and 35 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Comparative example 1
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60 planting pits with the length of 0.9 meter, the width of 0.9 meter and the height of 1.1 meter in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) applying 18 kg of organic fertilizer in each planting pit;
(2) seedling planting: healthy Wo citrus seedlings are planted in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(3) fertilizer management:
1) applying 13 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 320 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 38 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(4) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of trichlorfon granules, 6 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 7 parts of wood ash, 6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts of clay and 35 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(5) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Comparative example 2
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60 planting pits with the length of 0.9 meter, the width of 0.9 meter and the height of 1.1 meter in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 18 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, and soaking the Or seedlings in a root increasing agent solution for 2 days to carry out root increasing treatment to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7% of amino acid powder, 1.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.6% of sodium humate, 4.5% of urea, 2.5% of potassium fulvate and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 13 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 320 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 38 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of trichlorfon granules, 6 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 7 parts of wood ash, 6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts of clay and 35 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Comparative example 3
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60 planting pits with the length of 0.9 meter, the width of 0.9 meter and the height of 1.1 meter in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 18 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, putting the Or seedlings into a root increasing agent solution to soak for 2 days for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 7 days in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7% of amino acid powder, 1.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.6% of sodium humate, 4.5% of urea, 2.5% of potassium fulvate and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 13 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 320 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 38 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly killing agent on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of trichlorfon granules, 6 parts of chlorpyrifos granules and 35 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Comparative example 4
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60 planting pits with the length of 0.9 meter, the width of 0.9 meter and the height of 1.1 meter in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 18 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, putting the Or seedlings into a root increasing agent solution to soak for 2 days for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 7 days in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7% of amino acid powder, 1.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.6% of sodium humate, 4.5% of urea, 2.5% of potassium fulvate and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 13 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 320 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 38 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of trichlorfon granules, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 7 parts of wood ash, 6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts of clay and 35 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Comparative example 5
A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60 planting pits with the length of 0.9 meter, the width of 0.9 meter and the height of 1.1 meter in each mu of land, wherein the planting pits are uniformly distributed on the land; 3) 18 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, putting the Or seedlings into a root increasing agent solution to soak for 2 days for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 7 days in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16% of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7% of amino acid powder, 1.8% of trace element fertilizer, 1.6% of sodium humate, 4.5% of urea, 2.5% of potassium fulvate and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1); the time for planting the seedlings is spring;
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 13 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying the decomposed pig manure 320 kg/mu around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 38 kg/mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 6 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 4 parts of sulfur powder, 7 parts of wood ash, 6 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8 parts of clay and 35 parts of adhesive; the adhesive is prepared by cooking glutinous rice;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
Table 1 below gives the observations of the planting conditions of the oranges of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2.
TABLE 1
Figure 219290DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
According to the observation result of the Wo citrus planting condition, the fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for Wo citrus provided by the invention has the advantages that the root system of the Wo citrus seedling subjected to root increasing treatment is more developed, the size of the planting pit is proper, the growth speed of the root system of the Wo citrus plant after planting is higher, the transverse width of the root system coverage is wider, the longitudinal depth is deeper, the developed root system can effectively absorb more soil nutrients, the fertility of the applied fertilizer can be effectively absorbed, and the effect of efficient fertilizer saving is achieved; in the root increasing treatment process, black plastic bags are sleeved on the tops of the Or seedlings for a certain time, so that the increase quantity of leaves of the Or seedlings can be reduced, the root increasing effect is better, the quantity of the leaves of the Or seedlings cannot be increased, the water and energy required by the Or seedlings after field planting are smaller, and the survival rate of the Or seedlings after field planting is higher; the fulvic acid potassium is also added into the root increasing agent solution, so that the incidence rate of the root rot of the Or seedlings can be reduced, and the planting survival rate is higher.
The following table 2 gives the statistical results of the control effects of the bactrocera dorsalis insecticides in examples 1 to 3, example 5 and comparative examples 3 to 5.
TABLE 2
Figure 17481DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The fruit drop reasons are many, the fruit drop quantity caused by the bactrocera dorsalis in the fruit drop accounts for = fruit drop quantity caused by the bactrocera dorsalis/total fruit drop quantity 100, and the statistical result of the control effect of the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide is clear; the citrus fruit fly insecticide is also added with sulfur powder, so that the control effect of the citrus fruit fly is better, and larvae in fruit skins can be effectively killed.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (10)

1. A fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method for Or citrus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 50-70 planting pits with the length of 0.8-1 meter, the width of 0.8-1 meter and the height of 1.0-1.3 meters in each mu of land, and uniformly distributing the planting pits on the land; 3) applying 15-20 kg of base fertilizer in each planting pit;
(2) pretreatment of seedlings: selecting healthy Or seedlings, putting the Or seedlings into a root increasing agent solution, soaking for 1-3 days for root increasing treatment, and sleeving black plastic bags on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 6-8 hours in the root increasing treatment process to obtain the root increasing treated Or seedlings; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.15 to 0.18 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 6 to 8 percent of amino acid powder, 1.5 to 2.5 percent of trace element fertilizer, 1.5 to 1.7 percent of sodium humate, 3.5 to 5.5 percent of urea and the balance of sterile water;
(3) seedling planting: planting the fertile citrus reiliana seedlings subjected to root increasing treatment in the step (2) in the planting pits with the base fertilizer applied in the step (1);
(4) fertilizer management:
1) applying 10-12 kg of decomposed pig manure to each young tree every year;
2) fruit bearing, namely ditching and annularly applying 300-350 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed pig manure around the crown of the fruit bearing tree in winter; ditching and applying the urea in an annular manner by 25-30 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying the foliage with 0.3-0.5 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; ditching and annularly applying 35-45 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months;
(5) insect pest management:
1) daily management: alternately spraying 20% of 600-800 times of thiazole zinc suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of ethylicin, 65% of 600-800 times of zineb wettable powder and 10% of 700-900 times of imidacloprid powder;
2) preventing citrus fruit flies: coating a citrus fruit fly insecticide on the citrus fruit tree trunk in the flower bud differentiation period; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of trichlorfon granules, 5-8 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 6-10 parts of plant ash, 5-8 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 7-10 parts of clay and 30-40 parts of adhesive;
(6) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the Or fruits in a clear weather in the mature period of the Or fruits.
2. The fertilizer-saving and efficient cultivation method for citrus reiculata according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the step (1) is an organic fertilizer.
3. The fertilizer-saving and efficient cultivation method for citrus reiliana according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), soil preparation: 1) selecting a plot with good drainage and fertile soil, weeding and deeply ploughing the soil; 2) digging 60-70 planting pits with the length of 0.9-1 meter, the width of 0.9-1 meter and the height of 1.1-1.3 meters in each mu of land, and uniformly distributing the planting pits on the land; 3) applying 18-20 kg of base fertilizer in each planting pit.
4. The fertilizer-saving efficient cultivation method of Or, according to claim 1, characterized in that healthy Or seedlings are selected in step (2), the Or seedlings are placed into a rooting agent solution to be soaked for 2-3 days for rooting treatment, and in the rooting treatment process, black plastic bags are sleeved on the tops of the Or seedlings every day for 7-8 hours, so that the rooting-treated Or seedlings are obtained; the rooting agent solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.16-0.18 percent of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 7-8 percent of amino acid powder, 1.8-2.5 percent of trace element fertilizer, 1.6-1.7 percent of sodium humate, 4.5-5.5 percent of urea and the balance of sterile water.
5. The method for cultivating Or 'Wo citrus with high efficiency and saving fertilizer' according to claim 1, wherein the root-increasing agent solution in the step (2) further comprises potassium fulvate, and the content of potassium fulvate in the root-increasing agent solution is 2.5-3.5% by weight.
6. The fertilizer-saving and efficient cultivation method for Or (4) according to claim 1, wherein the time for seedling planting in step (3) is spring.
7. The method for fertilizer-saving and efficient cultivation of Or, according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 320-350 kg/mu of thoroughly decomposed pig manure is applied around crown of fruiting tree in winter; ditching and applying urea 27-30 kg/mu around the crown of the fruiting tree in spring, and simultaneously spraying leaf surfaces by using 0.35-0.5 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as a foliar fertilizer; and ditching and annularly applying 38-45 kg/mu of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer around the crown of the fruiting tree in 6-8 months.
8. The fertilizer-saving and efficient cultivation method of Or, according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step (5), citrus fruit fly insecticide is coated on the Or tree trunk at the flower bud differentiation stage; the bactrocera dorsalis insecticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of trichlorfon granules, 6-8 parts of chlorpyrifos granules, 7-10 parts of plant ash, 6-8 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 8-10 parts of clay and 35-40 parts of organic adhesive.
9. The fertilizer-saving and efficient cultivation method of Or oranges according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive in step (5) is an adhesive prepared by cooking glutinous rice.
10. The method for cultivating Or 'Wo citrus with high efficiency and saving fertilizer' according to claim 1, wherein the citrus fruit fly insecticide in step (5) further comprises 3-5 parts by weight of sulfur powder.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115918429A (en) * 2022-12-02 2023-04-07 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 Continuous cropping field citrus bare root seedling raising method for preventing and treating root rot

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