CN103168593A - Plastic-covered greenhouse pumpkin cultivation method - Google Patents
Plastic-covered greenhouse pumpkin cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103168593A CN103168593A CN2013100978965A CN201310097896A CN103168593A CN 103168593 A CN103168593 A CN 103168593A CN 2013100978965 A CN2013100978965 A CN 2013100978965A CN 201310097896 A CN201310097896 A CN 201310097896A CN 103168593 A CN103168593 A CN 103168593A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plastic-covered greenhouse pumpkin cultivation method. The method includes the following steps: firstly, sowing and raising seedlings; secondly, preparing soil and fertilizing; thirdly, planting; fourthly, managing after the planting; and fifthly, harvesting, wherein the first step of sowing and raising seedling includes (1), variety selection; (2), nutritional soil preparation; (3), seedbed preparation; (4), seed soaking and seed accelerating germination; (5), sowing; and (6), seedling stage management; and the fourth step of managing after the planting includes (1), after manuring; (2), pruning; (3), artificial pollination; and (4), pest control. According to the plastic-covered greenhouse pumpkin cultivation method, a plastic-covered greenhouse is utilized for cultivating pumpkins, the cultivation method is scientific and reasonable, complete in management, capable of enabling the pumpkins to be ripe in advance, improved in quality, high in yield, higher in economic benefits, and capable of meeting market needs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method, particularly relate to a kind of plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method.
Background technology
Cucurbita Curcurbitaceae Cucurbita, the annual herb dicotyledon that overgrows.Because it has detoxifcation, protection gastric mucosa, helps digest, prevents and treats diabetes, reduces blood sugar, eliminates the effects such as carcinogen, enhancing development and deeply be subjected to liking of the common people, therefore area under cultivation is increasing year by year in recent years.Pumpkin also contains various nutrient elements and mineral matter, not only can be used as food processing but also is the important source material of pharmacy.Existing pumpkin cultivation method yields poorly, growth rate is slow, bad, and can't go on the market ahead of time.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the invention is to, provide a kind of booth pumpkin cultivation method, but premature ripening improves quality, output is high, and economic benefit is higher.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method, it is characterized in that, and comprise the following steps:
One. seeding and seedling raising
(1) kind is selected: select the early-maturing variety that color and luster is vivid, the fragrant matter of flavor is good, high yield is disease-resistant, product are of fine quality;
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil: Nutrition Soil is comprised of 1 part, 5 parts of ripe garden moulds, 4 parts, the miscellaneous fertilizers that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, rice chaff ash or sawdust, 1m
3Add superphosphate 2kg, ammonium sulfate 1kg, potassium sulphate 1kg in soil, poach covers stack retting more than 20 days with film, with the thimerosal sterilization, teds evenly, dries sieving for standby again;
(3) prepare in the seedbed: be made into the seedling bed of wide 1.5m, scrape out the recessed bed of dark 5~10cm, lower berth 1 layer film, dried ridge chaff and the ash of the thick 2~4cm of paving, on cover 1 layer of anosis fine earth, smooth bed surface; The paving heating wire is heated, 8m
2The 1kW heating wire is laid in the seedbed, connects with the mains, switch and temperature controller; Select 10cm * 10cm plastic nutritional alms bowl, proper alignment is in the seedbed after installing soil; After the seedbed is ready to, spray the seedbed with thimerosal, take off film with canopy film stifle after 3 days standby;
(4) presoaking and germinating: the warm water of 55 ℃ is poured into contained in seed-bearing container, the limit bevelling stirs, and stops stirring when water temperature drops to 30 ℃, then soaks with trisodium phosphate solution and pulled out cleanly in 20 minutes, then continues to soak 8~10 hours; Then with the husky cloth sheet parcel of seed with good permeability, be placed on temperature and be vernalization in the environment of 25~30 ℃, keep simultaneously the moistening of husky cloth sheet;
(5) sowing: in mid or late December sowing, sow front 1 week seedling growth greenhouse is sterilized with carbendazim, sow front 2 days preheating seedbeds, and once water sufficient normal root water, soil temperature is controlled at 25~28 ℃; Select fine day in the afternoon to sow, one, an alms bowl is set level seed, covers the thick thin mud of 5mm after broadcasting; Then medium and small shed is put up in spreading, the overlay film insulation;
(6) seedling management: will fully see that light improves bed temperature daytime, temperature is controlled at 30~35 ℃, covers straw screen or mat night and makes bed temperature maintain 18~20 ℃; Should lower the temperature immediately when the seed when 80% is unearthed, and take off the film ventilation, daytime, bed temperature was 22~24 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 16~18 ℃, should control after emerging and water; After seedling all sprouts, strengthen ventilation, heat up after the 1st true leaf launches, daytime, bed temperature was 25~30 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 17~20 ℃; Front 5~7 days cooling hardenings of field planting, daytime, bed temperature was 20~25 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 15~17 ℃; Middle and later periods water 2 times permeable, transplant watered in front 1 day 1 time permeable, seedling age is controlled at 2 leaf 1 hearts; In time weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
Two. site preparation and fertilization
Front 20~30 days of field planting is ploughed deeply and is ploughed rake, and the degree of depth is 30cm; Bottom application barnyard manure, superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), potassium sulphate, the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, urea, with the abundant mixing of soil; 1/2 of base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields comprehensively, then plough under in soil, the leveling post-trenching is concentrated fertilising and bedding; Bedding mode in canopy adopts little high ridge and high furrow, line-spacing l.0~1.2m, simultaneously other 1/2 fertilizer in base fertilizer is applied in the high yield ditch;
Three. field planting
Select fine day field planting in the morning, accomplish fluently planting pit, execute mouthful fertilizer and mix thoroughly with soil; Water water of the appropriate end in the cave, just oozed lower time until water and namely planted seedling; Select high-quality strong sprout, large and small seedling is separately planted in planting pit, first carefully takes off polypots when planting seedling, and complete Tu Tuo is planted in planting pit, makes the soil surface that sticks together concordant with the furrow face or slightly expose; Ajust the melon seedling, the rear compacting of banketing; After full canopy has been planted, cleaning furrow face, and insert little bow member on the face of ridge, button film on it; Per hectare is approximately planted 60000 strains, the ridge cultivation single file that 1m is wide, spacing in the rows 20cm; 1.2m wide ridge cultivation duplicate rows, little every trade be apart from 45cm, spacing in the rows 25cm;
Four. the management after field planting
(1) topdress: after the pumpkin field planting survives, urge seedling 1~2 time with the quick-acting liquid fertilizer, executed heavy fertilizer once before the envelope row; Gather for the first time after tender melon, execute chemical nitrogen fertilizer in the ranks once, 667m
22 tons of people and animals' fecalurias, urea 15kg;
(2) training: when lateral bine grows to the 20cm left and right, the healthy and strong lateral bine of therefrom selecting and remain, all the other all remove, and the lateral bine that grows on master, lateral bine is later on also in time extractd; When removing lateral bine, extract tendril, no longer training after bearing fruit;
(3) artificial pollination: after the first female flower was open, in morning 6~8 o'clock, will the same day open stalwartness, the male flower of many powder were adopted down, towards the upset of anthocaulus direction, make male flower outstanding forward on corolla, with portable anthocaulus and the corolla of living, smeared gently on the female chapiter even; Perhaps use 2,4-D 20mg/kg or methyl α-naphthyl acetate to smear female flower;
Five. gather
When gathering, as required, the fruit of the differing maturity of gathering, tender melon were gathered after old melon seat melon in the harvesting later in 20 days of blooming in 50 days.
Further technical scheme is:
In above-mentioned steps one, the thimerosal of Nutrition Soil is that 500 times of dilutions of 50% carbendazim or volume fraction are 1% formalin.
In above-mentioned steps one, the thimerosal in seedbed is that volume fraction is 100 times of dilutions of formalin of 40%.
In above-mentioned steps one, the volume fraction of trisodium phosphate solution is 10%.
In above-mentioned steps two, the amount of institute's fertilise is barnyard manure 60~75t/hm
2, superphosphate 750kg/hm
2, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 300kg/hm
2, potassium sulphate 225~300kg/hm
2, cake fertilizer 1500kg/hm becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 450~600 kg/hm
2, urea 150 kg/hm
2
In above-mentioned steps four, also comprise the extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat climing rot, spot disease, anthracnose, select 1000 times of dilutions of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 20% Amici to reach 1500 times of dilution sprayings of suspending agent, spray with 600 times of dilutions of 64% Sandofan flowering stage, spray medicine 1 time every 1 week, connect and spray 2~4 times; Prevent and treat powdery mildew, with 600 times of dilution sprayings of 40% lucky star missible oil; Anti-eliminate aphis, thrips, tetranychid, select 2500 times of dilutions sprayings of Imidacloprid.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention utilizes the greenhouse cultivation pumpkin, and cultivation method is scientific and reasonable, and is well-managed, can make the pumpkin premature ripening, improves quality, and output is high, and economic benefit is higher, the demand of satisfying the market.
Embodiment
For further disclosing technical scheme of the present invention, the below describes embodiments of the present invention in detail: plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method, it is characterized in that, and comprise the following steps:
One. seeding and seedling raising
(1) kind is selected: select the early-maturing variety that color and luster is vivid, the fragrant matter of flavor is good, high yield is disease-resistant, product are of fine quality;
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil: Nutrition Soil is comprised of 1 part, 5 parts of ripe garden moulds, 4 parts, the miscellaneous fertilizers that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, rice chaff ash or sawdust, 1m
3Add superphosphate 2kg, ammonium sulfate 1kg, potassium sulphate 1kg in soil, poach covers stack retting more than 20 days with film, with 500 times of dilutions of 50% carbendazim or 1% formalin liquid disinfectant, teds evenly, dries sieving for standby again;
(3) prepare in the seedbed: be made into the seedling bed of wide 1.5m, scrape out the recessed bed of dark 5~10cm, lower berth 1 layer film, dried ridge chaff and the ash of the thick 2~4cm of paving, on cover 1 layer of anosis fine earth, smooth bed surface; The paving heating wire is heated, 8m
2The 1kW heating wire is laid in the seedbed, connects with the mains, switch and temperature controller; Select 10cm * 10cm plastic nutritional alms bowl, proper alignment is in the seedbed after installing soil; After the seedbed is ready to, be that 100 times of dilutions of 40% formalin spray the seedbed with volume fraction, take off film with canopy film stifle after 3 days standby;
(4) presoaking and germinating: the warm water of 55 ℃ is poured into contained in seed-bearing container, the limit bevelling stirs, and stops stirring when water temperature drops to 30 ℃, then is that 10% trisodium phosphate solution soaks and pulled out cleanly in 20 minutes with volume fraction, then continues immersion 8~10 hours; Then with the husky cloth sheet parcel of seed with good permeability, be placed on temperature and be vernalization in the environment of 25~30 ℃, keep simultaneously the moistening of husky cloth sheet;
(5) sowing: in mid or late December sowing, sow front 1 week seedling growth greenhouse is sterilized with carbendazim, sow front 2 days preheating seedbeds, and once water sufficient normal root water, soil temperature is controlled at 25~28 ℃; Select fine day in the afternoon to sow, one, an alms bowl is set level seed, covers the thick thin mud of 5mm after broadcasting; Then medium and small shed is put up in spreading, the overlay film insulation;
(6) seedling management: will fully see that light improves bed temperature daytime, temperature is controlled at 30~35 ℃, covers straw screen or mat night and makes bed temperature maintain 18~20 ℃; Should lower the temperature immediately when the seed when 80% is unearthed, and take off the film ventilation, daytime, bed temperature was 22~24 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 16~18 ℃, should control after emerging and water; After seedling all sprouts, strengthen ventilation, heat up after the 1st true leaf launches, daytime, bed temperature was 25~30 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 17~20 ℃; Front 5~7 days cooling hardenings of field planting, daytime, bed temperature was 20~25 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 15~17 ℃; Middle and later periods water 2 times permeable, watered in 1d days before transplanting 1 time permeable, seedling age is controlled at 2 leaf 1 hearts; In time weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
Two. site preparation and fertilization
Front 20~30 days of field planting is ploughed deeply and is ploughed rake, and the degree of depth is 30cm; Bottom application high-quality barnyard manure 60~75t/hm
2, superphosphate 750kg/hm
2, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 300kg/hm
2, potassium sulphate 225~300kg/hm
2, cake fertilizer 1500kg/hm becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 450~600kg/hm
2, urea 150kg/hm
2, with the abundant mixing of soil; 1/2 of base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields comprehensively, then plough under in soil, the leveling post-trenching is concentrated fertilising and bedding; Bedding mode in canopy adopts little high ridge and high furrow, line-spacing l.0~1.2m, simultaneously other 1/2 fertilizer in base fertilizer is applied in the high yield ditch.
Three. field planting
Select fine day field planting in the morning, accomplish fluently planting pit, execute mouthful fertilizer and mix thoroughly with soil; Water water of the appropriate end in the cave, just oozed lower time until water and namely planted seedling; Select high-quality strong sprout, large and small seedling is separately planted in planting pit, first carefully takes off polypots when planting seedling, and complete Tu Tuo is planted in planting pit, makes the soil surface that sticks together concordant with the furrow face or slightly expose; Ajust the melon seedling, compacting gently after banketing; After full canopy has been planted, cleaning furrow face, and insert little bow member on the face of ridge, button film on it; Per hectare is approximately planted 60000 strains, the ridge cultivation single file that 1m is wide, spacing in the rows 20cm; 1.2m wide ridge cultivation duplicate rows, little every trade be apart from 45cm, spacing in the rows 25cm.
Four. the management after field planting
(1) topdress: after the pumpkin field planting survives, urge seedling 1~2 time with the quick-acting liquid fertilizer, executed heavy fertilizer once before the envelope row; Gather for the first time after tender melon, execute chemical nitrogen fertilizer in the ranks once, 667m
22 tons of people and animals' fecalurias, urea 15kg;
(2) training: when lateral bine grows to the 20cm left and right, the healthy and strong lateral bine of therefrom selecting and remain, all the other all remove, and the lateral bine that grows on master, lateral bine is later on also in time extractd; When removing lateral bine, extract tendril, no longer training after bearing fruit;
(3) artificial pollination: after the first female flower was open, in morning 6~8 o'clock, will the same day open stalwartness, the male flower of many powder were adopted down, towards the upset of anthocaulus direction, make male flower outstanding forward on corolla, with portable anthocaulus and the corolla of living, smeared gently on the female chapiter even; Perhaps use 2,4-D 20mg/kg or methyl α-naphthyl acetate to smear female flower;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat climing rot, spot disease, anthracnose, select 1000 times of dilutions of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 20% Amici to reach 1500 times of dilution sprayings of suspending agent, spray medicine 1 time with 600 times of dilution sprayings of 64% Sandofan every 1 week flowering stage, connects and spray 2~4 times; Prevent and treat powdery mildew, with 600 times of dilution sprayings of 40% lucky star missible oil; Anti-eliminate aphis, thrips, tetranychid, select 2500 times of dilutions sprayings of Imidacloprid.
Five. gather
When gathering, as required, the fruit of the differing maturity of gathering, tender melon were gathered after old melon seat melon in the harvesting later in 20 days of blooming in 50 days.
More than by description of listed embodiment, the basic ideas and basic principles of the present invention have been set forth.But the present invention never is limited to above-mentioned listed embodiment, and every equivalent variations, improvement and deliberately of inferior quality behavior of change of doing based on technical scheme of the present invention all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
One. seeding and seedling raising
(1) kind is selected: select the early-maturing variety that color and luster is vivid, the fragrant matter of flavor is good, high yield is disease-resistant, product are of fine quality;
(2) preparation of Nutrition Soil: Nutrition Soil is comprised of 1 part, 5 parts of ripe garden moulds, 4 parts, the miscellaneous fertilizers that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, rice chaff ash or sawdust, 1m
3Add superphosphate 2kg, ammonium sulfate 1kg, potassium sulphate 1kg in soil, poach covers stack retting more than 20 days with film, with the thimerosal sterilization, teds evenly, dries sieving for standby again;
(3) prepare in the seedbed: be made into the seedling bed of wide 1.5m, scrape out the recessed bed of dark 5~10cm, lower berth 1 layer film, dried ridge chaff and the ash of the thick 2~4cm of paving, on cover 1 layer of anosis fine earth, smooth bed surface; The paving heating wire is heated, 8m
2The 1kW heating wire is laid in the seedbed, connects with the mains, switch and temperature controller; Select 10cm * 10cm plastic nutritional alms bowl, proper alignment is in the seedbed after installing soil; After the seedbed is ready to, spray the seedbed with thimerosal, take off film with canopy film stifle after 3 days standby;
(4) presoaking and germinating: the warm water of 55 ℃ is poured into contained in seed-bearing container, the limit bevelling stirs, and stops stirring when water temperature drops to 30 ℃, then soaks with trisodium phosphate solution and pulled out cleanly in 20 minutes, then continues to soak 8~10 hours; Then with the husky cloth sheet parcel of seed with good permeability, be placed on temperature and be vernalization in the environment of 25~30 ℃, keep simultaneously the moistening of husky cloth sheet;
(5) sowing: in mid or late December sowing, sow front 1 week seedling growth greenhouse is sterilized with carbendazim, sow front 2 days preheating seedbeds, and once water sufficient normal root water, soil temperature is controlled at 25~28 ℃; Select fine day in the afternoon to sow, one, an alms bowl is set level seed, covers the thick thin mud of 5mm after broadcasting; Then medium and small shed is put up in spreading, the overlay film insulation;
(6) seedling management: will fully see that light improves bed temperature daytime, temperature is controlled at 30~35 ℃, covers straw screen or mat night and makes bed temperature maintain 18~20 ℃; Should lower the temperature immediately when the seed when 80% is unearthed, and take off the film ventilation, daytime, bed temperature was 22~24 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 16~18 ℃, should control after emerging and water; After seedling all sprouts, strengthen ventilation, heat up after the 1st true leaf launches, daytime, bed temperature was 25~30 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 17~20 ℃; Front 5~7 days cooling hardenings of field planting, daytime, bed temperature was 20~25 ℃, and night, bed temperature was 15~17 ℃; Middle and later periods water 2 times permeable, transplant watered in front 1 day 1 time permeable, seedling age is controlled at 2 leaf 1 hearts; In time weeding and prevention and elimination of disease and pests;
Two. site preparation and fertilization
Front 20~30 days of field planting is ploughed deeply and is ploughed rake, and the degree of depth is 30cm; Bottom application barnyard manure, superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), potassium sulphate, the cake fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed separately add Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, urea, with the abundant mixing of soil; 1/2 of base fertilizer is spread fertilizer over the fields comprehensively, then plough under in soil, the leveling post-trenching is concentrated fertilising and bedding; Bedding mode in canopy adopts little high ridge and high furrow, line-spacing l.0~1.2m, simultaneously other 1/2 fertilizer in base fertilizer is applied in the high yield ditch;
Three. field planting
Select fine day field planting in the morning, accomplish fluently planting pit, execute mouthful fertilizer and mix thoroughly with soil; Water water of the appropriate end in the cave, just oozed lower time until water and namely planted seedling; Select high-quality strong sprout, large and small seedling is separately planted in planting pit, first carefully takes off polypots when planting seedling, and complete Tu Tuo is planted in planting pit, makes the soil surface that sticks together concordant with the furrow face or slightly expose; Ajust the melon seedling, the rear compacting of banketing; After full canopy has been planted, cleaning furrow face, and insert little bow member on the face of ridge, button film on it; Per hectare is approximately planted 60000 strains, the ridge cultivation single file that 1m is wide, spacing in the rows 20cm; 1.2m wide ridge cultivation duplicate rows, little every trade be apart from 45cm, spacing in the rows 25cm;
Four. the management after field planting
(1) topdress: after the pumpkin field planting survives, urge seedling 1~2 time with the quick-acting liquid fertilizer, executed heavy fertilizer once before the envelope row; Gather for the first time after tender melon, execute chemical nitrogen fertilizer in the ranks once, 667m
22 tons of people and animals' fecalurias, urea 15kg;
(2) training: when lateral bine grows to the 20cm left and right, the healthy and strong lateral bine of therefrom selecting and remain, all the other all remove, and the lateral bine that grows on master, lateral bine is later on also in time extractd; When removing lateral bine, extract tendril, no longer training after bearing fruit;
(3) artificial pollination: after the first female flower was open, in morning 6~8 o'clock, will the same day open stalwartness, the male flower of many powder were adopted down, towards the upset of anthocaulus direction, make male flower outstanding forward on corolla, with portable anthocaulus and the corolla of living, smeared gently on the female chapiter even; Perhaps use 2,4-D 20mg/kg or methyl α-naphthyl acetate to smear female flower;
Five. gather
When gathering, as required, the fruit of the differing maturity of gathering, tender melon were gathered after old melon seat melon in the harvesting later in 20 days of blooming in 50 days.
2. plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned steps one, the thimerosal of Nutrition Soil is that 500 times of dilutions of 50% carbendazim or volume fraction are 1% formalin.
3. plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned steps one, the thimerosal in seedbed is that volume fraction is 100 times of dilutions of formalin of 40%.
4. plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned steps one, the volume fraction of trisodium phosphate solution is 10%.
5. plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned steps two, the amount of institute's fertilise is barnyard manure 60~75t/hm
2, superphosphate 750kg/hm
2, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) 300kg/hm
2, potassium sulphate 225~300kg/hm
2, cake fertilizer 1500kg/hm becomes thoroughly decomposed
2, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 450~600 kg/hm
2, urea 150 kg/hm
2
6. plastic tunnel pumpkin cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in above-mentioned steps four, also comprise the extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat climing rot, spot disease, anthracnose, select 1000 times of dilutions of 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder, 20% Amici to reach 1500 times of dilution sprayings of suspending agent, spray with 600 times of dilutions of 64% Sandofan flowering stage, spray medicine 1 time every 1 week, connect and spray 2~4 times; Prevent and treat powdery mildew, with 600 times of dilution sprayings of 40% lucky star missible oil; Anti-eliminate aphis, thrips, tetranychid, select 2500 times of dilutions sprayings of Imidacloprid.
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