CN114271065A - Safe pumpkin seedling raising method - Google Patents
Safe pumpkin seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114271065A CN114271065A CN202111497810.9A CN202111497810A CN114271065A CN 114271065 A CN114271065 A CN 114271065A CN 202111497810 A CN202111497810 A CN 202111497810A CN 114271065 A CN114271065 A CN 114271065A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- seedling
- greenhouse
- plastic
- seedling raising
- pool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 235000000832 Ayote Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 235000009804 Cucurbita pepo subsp pepo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 240000001980 Cucurbita pepo Species 0.000 title claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- ZOYQVVVFGFZXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].[Mg].[Ca].[Si] Chemical compound [K].[Mg].[Ca].[Si] ZOYQVVVFGFZXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001477931 Mythimna unipuncta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000219122 Cucurbita Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000016057 CHAND syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000408747 Lepomis gibbosus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001608711 Melo Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000242678 Schistosoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010000210 abortion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000176 abortion Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000020236 pumpkin seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000004371 toothache Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a safe seedling raising method for pumpkins. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a site and building a shed; (2) building a seedling raising pond; (3) distributing electric heating wires; (4) spreading a film to hold water; (5) preparing a matrix; (6) loading the substrate into a tray; (8) accelerating germination at a proper temperature; (9) sowing and placing a tray; (10) and (5) seedling stage management. By applying the method, the disease incidence rate of the seedbed is reduced, the seedling rate of the pumpkins can be improved, the seedling time is shortened, the seedling cost is saved, the cold damage risk can be reduced to zero even in extreme low-temperature weather, and the market application prospect is very wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a safe seedling raising method for pumpkins.
Background
Pumpkin is an annual vine herbaceous plant of Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita, is one of the important vegetables in China, can be used as food for preparing food, and can be used as medicine for all parts of the plant, the seed contains pumpkin seed amino acid, and has the effects of clearing heat, removing dampness, expelling parasites, controlling and killing schistosome, the vine has the effect of clearing heat, and the pedicellus melo has the effect of preventing abortion, and can radically cure toothache. The pumpkin cultivation area in China is large, the pumpkin is cultivated in the south and the north, and according to statistics, the sowing area of the pumpkin in China is about 110 kilohm2。
The pumpkin can not germinate when the optimum temperature of the pumpkin in the germination period is 25-30 ℃, and the temperature is below 10 ℃ or above 40 ℃; the suitable temperature in the seedling stage is 23-25 ℃ in the daytime and 13-15 ℃ at night. In production, the pumpkin is generally cultivated by facility seedling, field climbing cultivation or bracket cultivation. Greenhouse in Dongting lake area from 2 to 3 ten days of the monthSeedling culture, transplanting from 3 to 4 ten days of the month, the seedling age is 30-40d, and the seedling cost of the field is 3000-2. As the Dongting lake region belongs to subtropical monsoon climate and is clear in four seasons, the average minimum temperature in 1 month is only about 2 ℃, and the average minimum temperature in 2 months is also only about 4 ℃, which is unfavorable for pumpkin seedling culture. Some people adopt a heat preservation seedling raising mode of a greenhouse and a small arched greenhouse, but the temperature raising effect is limited; some people also adopt electric heating plug seedlings, but various seedling diseases often occur due to multiple times of foliage watering, and uneven watering causes uneven seedling emergence; although the problem of water supply is solved by the common floating seedling raising method for tobacco and other crops, the temperature and the water temperature in spring are low, and the seedling growth is not facilitated. Once the pumpkin seedlings are in the year of continuous low-temperature overcast and rainy in spring, the phenomenon of pumpkin seedling death is common, so that the pumpkin seedlings are in shortage in large area, and the safety risk of conventional seedling raising is great.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of low seedling rate, more dead seedlings and large low-temperature disaster risk in the conventional seedling raising process, the invention aims to provide a safe seedling raising method for pumpkins, which realizes the uniform seedling and strong seedling of pumpkins through measures of temperature rise, moisture preservation, seedling protection and the like, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the seedling raising risk of pumpkins and improving the quality of pumpkins.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a safe pumpkin seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and shed building: selecting a land with flat terrain, leeward and sunny side, and wide periphery to construct a plastic greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, and covering a greenhouse film; arranging door openings and wind-shielding curtains at two ends of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, installing insect-proof nets, skirt membranes and wind-shielding walls at two sides of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, and hanging yellow pest sticking plates;
(2) building a seedling raising pond: building a seedling raising pond along the extension direction of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, wherein the width of the bottom of the seedling raising pond is 1.5-1.8m, the pond depth is 12cm, the length of the pond is shorter than that of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, and the width of the embankment ridge is 24-48 cm;
(3) arranging electric heating wires: firstly, a layer of color strip cloth is laid at the bottom of the seedling raising pool, and special electric heating wires for raising seedlings are laid on the color strip cloth and distributed according to an N shape, so that the color strip cloth cannot be crossed;
(4) film laying and water filling: laying plastic greenhouse film on the electric heating wire, pouring water, adding nutrient solution and copper sulfate, and keeping the water depth at 8-10 cm;
(5) preparing a matrix: the seedling substrate comprises peat, rice hull ash, dry pig manure and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer as raw materials;
(6) loading the substrate into a tray: filling the substrate prepared in the step (5) into a sterilized foam seedling tray for later use;
(7) disinfecting and seed soaking: sun-drying seeds, soaking in cold water, soaking in hot water of 80 deg.C for 0.5min, and quickly soaking in cold water for 8-12 hr;
(8) and (3) germination accelerating at a proper temperature: wrapping the soaked seeds with a wet towel, wrapping a layer of plastic self-sealing bag, placing in a 30-32 deg.C incubator for accelerating germination for 24-48h, and sowing when the germination length reaches 0.3-1.0 cm;
(9) sowing and placing a tray: sowing the germinated seeds in the foam seedling raising plate in the step (6), wherein 1 particle of the germinated seeds is arranged in each hole, and perlite with the diameter of 2-4mm is covered on the germinated seeds, and the thickness of the perlite is 0.5-1.0 cm; after sowing, putting the seeds into the seedling raising pool finished in the step (4), and covering a small plastic arched shed;
(10) seedling stage management: a. temperature management: adjusting the temperature to 28-32 ℃ in the seedling stage, and controlling the temperature to 20-25 ℃ after seedling emergence; b. humidity management: in the seedling stage, a seedling tray is placed in a pool for moisture preservation; after aligning seedlings, the seedling tray is separated from the water surface and is erected above the seedling pool; in the later stage of seedling culture, placing the seedling trays into the pool once every 3d, and each time for 2-4h until transplanting; c. hardening and transplanting seedlings: transplanting to field when the seedling age reaches 2-3 main leaves, hardening off 1-3 days before transplanting, and removing the small arched shed to make the temperature of the seedbed close to the outdoor temperature, thereby ensuring survival after transplanting.
Preferably, the wind screen in the step (1) is arranged in the shed at a distance of 1.2-1.5m from the shed door, and the wind screen is a suspended integral plastic film screen.
Preferably, the wind-break wall in step (1) is a plastic film wall fixedly mounted on the lower half part of the skirt film, and the height is 40-60 cm.
Preferably, the yellow armyworm plate in the step (1) has the specification of25cm × 20cm or 25cm × 30cm, each 20-30m2Hanging 1 piece of the wall, and hanging the wall in a plastic greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse.
Preferably, the dimension specification of the fire brick or the cement brick in the step (2) is 24cm × 12cm × 6 cm.
Preferably, the color stripe cloth in the step (3) is woven by chemical fiber materials, is not easy to be pierced by hard soil lumps, and has the selected width consistent with the width of the seedling raising pond.
Preferably, the nutrient solution in step (4) is a quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer, which consists of macro-elements and trace elements, and contains magnesium, boron, iron and zinc besides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Preferably, the copper sulfate in step (4) is crystalline copper sulfate in an amount of 4-5g/m2Dissolving with hot water, and pouring into a pool.
Preferably, the content of the Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer in the step (5) requires that: silicon (Si) is more than or equal to 9 percent, calcium (Ca) is more than or equal to 20 percent, and potassium (K)2O) is more than or equal to 3 percent, magnesium (Mg) is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the PH value is 8.0-11.0.
Preferably, in the step (1), the seedling substrate is prepared by mixing peat, rice hull ash, dry pig manure and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer in a volume ratio of 5: 2: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes the advantages of electric heating seedling and floating seedling into consideration, improves effectively and ensures the safe control of water and temperature. The wind-shield curtain and the wind-shield wall arranged in the seedling-raising greenhouse avoid cold wind from hurting seedlings in the ventilation process; the yellow pest sticking plates are hung on the four walls of the inner side of the greenhouse, so that the pest sticking effect is good, and the operation of the greenhouse is not influenced; the seedling raising pool is built by movable fire bricks or cement bricks, so that the flexibility is high, the specification is convenient to adjust, and the greenhouse is convenient to clean and change into field cultivation after seedling raising is finished; the color strip cloth and the greenhouse film are used for the floating seedling raising pool, so that the water retention performance of the floating pool is improved; the electric heating wires are distributed in the interlayer below the floating pond, so that the electricity utilization safety is ensured, the water temperature is increased, and the seedling emergence is promoted; the nutrient solution contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and also contains magnesium and boronThe matrix contains organic matters, and also contains silicon, calcium, magnesium, potassium and other components, so that the nutrient is very rich; the copper sulfate added into the nutrient solution can not only prevent moss, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases in the seedling stage; the seeds are disinfected by adopting a boiled water seed soaking mode, and the disinfection effect is superior to that of the conventional warm water seed soaking or medicament disinfection; in the germination accelerating process, a wet towel and a plastic self-sealing bag are combined, so that the materials are convenient to obtain, and the cost is low; the seedling raising plate is covered with perlite for keeping moisture and ventilating, thus being beneficial to seedling emergence; in the seedling stage management, a top ventilation mode is adopted, so that the method is superior to the traditional shed door ventilation mode, and the safety is higher; when the seedling raising tray drains water, a frame placing mode is adopted, so that the space of the greenhouse can be effectively utilized, and the greenhouse operation is facilitated; the survival rate of transplantation can be greatly improved through the seedling hardening link before transplantation. By applying the method, the disease of the seedbed is less, the survival rate is high, the seedling rate of the pumpkin can be improved by 22.7 percent, the seedling time is shortened by 3.3 days, and the seedling cost is saved by 600 yuan/hm2Even under extreme low temperature weather, the cold damage risk can be reduced to zero, and the market application prospect is very wide.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The greenhouse film and the plastic film used in the following examples are transparent PVC agricultural plastic films; the quicklime is commercially available; the peat is high-quality peat produced from the Jilin; collecting pig manure residues from a septic tank of a nearby farm, and fermenting for more than 6 months; the rice hull ash is formed by burning waste rice hulls in a rice milling factory and is black and dispersive and granular; the electric heating wire is produced by an electric appliance factory in Shanbei province, Wen' an county and the specification is 1000w/100 m; the copper sulfate is produced by Jiangxi copper industries, Inc., and the content is 98.0 percent; the yellow armyworm plate is produced by Beijing Gray Biyuan science and technology Limited and has the specification of 25cm multiplied by 20 cm; the foam seedling-raising tray is produced by Hunan Xianghui packaging company Limited and has 78 holes or 120 holes; the perlite is produced by mineral industry Limited of Jinhualan Xinyang in Henan, and has a particle size of 2-4 mm; the quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer is a Huangbo I fertilizer produced by Chaoyang Ruipu crop nutrition limited company in Liaoning province, and has the nutrient indexes of: 22.0 percent of total nitrogen, 12.0 percent of water-soluble phosphorus, 16.0 percent of water-soluble potassium, 0.45 percent of magnesium, 0.1 percent of boron, 0.11 percent of iron and 0.13 percent of zinc; the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is produced by Jinzhengdanotell chemical company Limited, and has the nutrient indexes of: silicon (Si) is more than or equal to 9 percent, calcium (Ca) is more than or equal to 20 percent, potassium (K2O) is more than or equal to 3 percent, magnesium (Mg) is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the PH value is 8.0-11.0. The following examples were conducted at the experimental site of the vegetable science research institute, Changde, Hunan province, and the experimental variety was XingShu big fruit pumpkin.
Example 1
A safe pumpkin seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and shed building: selecting a land with flat terrain, leeward and sunny side, and wide periphery to construct a plastic greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, and covering a greenhouse film; two ends of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse are provided with a door opening and a wind-shielding curtain, two sides of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse are provided with an insect-proof net, a skirt film and a wind-shielding wall, and a yellow pest-sticking plate is hung; the wind screen is arranged in the shed at a distance of 1.2m from the shed door and is a suspended integral plastic film screen; the wind-break wall is a plastic film wall fixedly arranged at the lower half part of the skirt film and has the height of 40 cm. The yellow insect-sticking plate has a size of 25cm × 20cm, and each 20m2Hanging 1 piece of cloth and hanging the cloth on four walls in the shed;
(2) building a seedling raising pond: building a seedling raising pond along the extension direction of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, wherein the width of the bottom of the seedling raising pond is 1.5m, the depth of the pond is 12cm, the length of the pond is shorter than that of the greenhouse, and the width of a ridge of the dam is 24 cm; the seedling raising pool is built by fire bricks or cement bricks, and the size specification is 24cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 6 cm;
(3) arranging electric heating wires: firstly, a layer of color strip cloth is laid at the bottom of the seedling raising pool, and special electric heating wires for raising seedlings are laid on the color strip cloth, wherein the power is 100w/m2A temperature controller is arranged, and the electric heating wires are distributed according to an N shape and cannot be crossed; the color stripe cloth is woven by chemical fiber materials, is not easy to be pierced by hard soil lumps, and has the width consistent with that of the seedling raising pond;
(4) shopWater is contained in the film: laying a layer of plastic greenhouse film with thickness of 0.08mm on the electric heating wire, pouring clean pond water, adding nutrient solution and copper sulfate, and keeping the water depth at 8cm for later use; the nutrient solution is a quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer, consists of major elements and trace elements, and also contains magnesium, boron, iron and zinc besides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the copper sulfate is crystal copper sulfate, and the dosage is 4g/m2Dissolving with hot water, and pouring into a pool;
(5) preparing a matrix: mixing peat, rice hull ash, dried pig manure and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer at a volume ratio of 5: 2: 1, and preparing a seedling culture substrate; the content requirement of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is as follows: silicon (Si) is more than or equal to 9 percent, calcium (Ca) is more than or equal to 20 percent, and potassium (K)2O) is more than or equal to 3 percent, magnesium (Mg) is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the PH value is 8.0;
(6) loading the substrate into a tray: filling the substrate prepared in the step (5) into a sterilized foam seedling tray for later use;
(7) disinfecting and seed soaking: sun-drying the seeds for 1d, soaking in cold water for 10min, soaking in hot water at 80 deg.C for 0.5min, and quickly soaking in cold water for 8 h;
(8) and (3) germination accelerating at a proper temperature: wrapping the soaked seeds with a wet towel, wrapping a layer of plastic self-sealing bag, placing in a 30 ℃ thermostat for accelerating germination for 24h, and sowing when the germination length reaches 0.3 cm;
(9) sowing and placing a tray: sowing the germinated seeds in the foam seedling raising plate in the step (6), wherein 1 particle of the germinated seeds is covered with perlite with the diameter of 2mm and the thickness of the perlite is 0.5cm in each hole; after sowing, putting the seeds into the seedling raising pool finished in the step (4), and covering a small plastic arched shed;
(10) seedling stage management: a. temperature management: adjusting the temperature to 28 ℃ in the seedling emergence period, controlling the temperature to 20 ℃ after seedling emergence, and adopting a top ventilation mode if temperature reduction is required, wherein the top ventilation means that the lower part of a top film is uncovered, a skirt film is still closed, and an opening is opened between the top film and the skirt film for ventilation; b. humidity management: in the seedling stage, a seedling tray is placed in a pool for moisture preservation; after aligning seedlings, the seedling tray is separated from the water surface and is erected above the seedling pool; in the later stage of seedling culture, placing the seedling trays into the pool once every 3d, and each time for 2 hours until transplanting; c. hardening and transplanting seedlings: transplanting to field when the seedling age reaches 2 true leaves, hardening off the seedling 1d before transplanting, and removing the small arched shed.
Example 2
A safe pumpkin seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) site selection and shed building: selecting a land with flat terrain, leeward and sunny side, and wide periphery to construct a plastic greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, and covering a greenhouse film; two ends of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse are provided with a door opening and a wind-shielding curtain, two sides of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse are provided with an insect-proof net, a skirt film and a wind-shielding wall, and a yellow pest-sticking plate is hung; the wind screen is arranged in the shed at a distance of 1.5m from the shed door and is a suspended integral plastic film screen; the wind-break wall is a plastic film wall fixedly arranged at the lower half part of the skirt film, and the height of the wind-break wall is 60 cm; the yellow insect-sticking plate has a size of 25cm × 30cm, and each 30m2Hanging 1 piece of cloth and hanging the cloth on four walls in the shed;
(2) building a seedling raising pond: building a seedling raising pond along the extension direction of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, wherein the width of the bottom of the seedling raising pond is 1.8m, the depth of the pond is 12cm, the length of the pond is shorter than that of the greenhouse, and the width of a ridge of the dam is 48 cm; the seedling raising pool is built by fire bricks or cement bricks, and the size specification is 24cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 6 cm;
(3) arranging electric heating wires: firstly, a layer of color strip cloth is laid at the bottom of the seedling raising pool, and special electric heating wires for raising seedlings are laid on the color strip cloth, wherein the power is 120w/m2A temperature controller is arranged, and the electric heating wires are distributed according to an N shape and cannot be crossed; the color stripe cloth is woven by chemical fiber materials, is not easy to be pierced by hard soil lumps, and has the width consistent with that of the seedling raising pond.
(4) Film laying and water filling: laying a layer of plastic greenhouse film with thickness of 0.12mm on the electric heating wire, pouring clean pond water, adding nutrient solution and copper sulfate, and keeping the water depth at 10 cm; the nutrient solution is a quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer, consists of major elements and trace elements, and also contains magnesium, boron, iron and zinc besides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the copper sulfate is crystal copper sulfate, and the dosage is 5g/m2Dissolving with hot water, and pouring into a pool;
(5) preparing a matrix: mixing peat, rice hull ash, dried pig manure and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer at a volume ratio of 5: 2: 1, and preparing a seedling culture substrate; the content requirement of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is as follows: si (Si) not less than 9%, Ca (Ca) not less than 20%, K (Ca)K2O) is more than or equal to 3 percent, magnesium (Mg) is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the PH value is 11.0;
(6) loading the substrate into a tray: filling the substrate prepared in the step (5) into a sterilized foam seedling tray for later use;
(7) disinfecting and seed soaking: sun-drying seeds for 3 days, soaking in cold water for 10min, soaking in hot water at 80 deg.C for 0.5min, and quickly soaking in cold water for 12 hr;
(8) and (3) germination accelerating at a proper temperature: wrapping the soaked seeds with a wet towel, wrapping a layer of plastic self-sealing bag, placing in a constant temperature box at 32 deg.C for accelerating germination for 48h, and sowing when the germination length reaches 1.0 cm;
(9) sowing and placing a tray: sowing the germinated seeds in the foam seedling raising plate in the step (6), wherein 1 particle of the germinated seeds is arranged in each hole, and perlite with the diameter of 4mm is covered on the germinated seeds, and the thickness of the perlite is 1.0 cm; after sowing, putting the seeds into the seedling raising pool finished in the step (4), and covering a small plastic arched shed;
(10) seedling stage management: a. temperature management: adjusting the temperature to 32 ℃ in the seedling emergence period, controlling the temperature to 25 ℃ after seedling emergence, and adopting a top ventilation mode if temperature reduction is required, wherein the top ventilation means that the lower part of a top film is uncovered, a skirt film is still closed, and an opening is opened between the top film and the skirt film for ventilation; b. humidity management: in the seedling stage, a seedling tray is placed in a pool for moisture preservation; after aligning seedlings, the seedling tray is separated from the water surface and is erected above the seedling pool; in the later stage of seedling culture, placing the seedling trays into the pool every 3d for 4 hours each time until transplanting; c. hardening and transplanting seedlings: transplanting to field when the seedling age reaches 3 main leaves, hardening off 3 days before transplanting, and removing the small arched shed.
Example 3
A safe pumpkin seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection and shed building: selecting a land with flat terrain, leeward and sunny side, and wide periphery to construct a plastic greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, and covering a greenhouse film; two ends of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse are provided with a door opening and a wind-shielding curtain, two sides of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse are provided with an insect-proof net, a skirt film and a wind-shielding wall, and a yellow pest-sticking plate is hung; the wind screen is arranged in the shed at a distance of 1.7m from the shed door and is a suspended integral plastic film screen; the wind-shield wall is a plastic film wall fixedly arranged at the lower half part of the skirt film, and the height of the wind-shield wall is 45 degreescm; the yellow insect-sticking plate has a size of 25cm × 20cm, and is used for every 25m2Hanging 1 piece of cloth and hanging the cloth on four walls in the shed;
(2) building a seedling raising pond: building a seedling raising pond along the extension direction of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, wherein the width of the bottom of the seedling raising pond is 1.7m, the depth of the pond is 12cm, the length of the pond is shorter than that of the greenhouse, and the width of a ridge of the dam is 30 cm; the seedling raising pool is built by fire bricks or cement bricks, and the size specification is 24cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 6 cm;
(3) arranging electric heating wires: firstly, a layer of color strip cloth is laid at the bottom of the seedling raising pool, and special electric heating wires for raising seedlings are laid on the color strip cloth, wherein the power is 110w/m2A temperature controller is arranged, and the electric heating wires are distributed according to an N shape and cannot be crossed; the color stripe cloth is woven by chemical fiber materials, is not easy to be pierced by hard soil lumps, and has the width consistent with that of the seedling raising pond;
(4) film laying and water filling: laying a layer of plastic greenhouse film with thickness of 0.10mm on the electric heating wire, pouring clean pond water, adding nutrient solution and copper sulfate, and keeping the water depth at 9 cm; the nutrient solution is a quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer, consists of major elements and trace elements, and also contains magnesium, boron, iron and zinc besides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; the copper sulfate is crystal copper sulfate, and the dosage is 4.5g/m2Dissolving with hot water, and pouring into a pool;
(5) preparing a matrix: mixing peat, rice hull ash, dried pig manure and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer at a volume ratio of 5: 2: 1, and preparing a seedling culture substrate; the content requirement of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer is as follows: silicon (Si) is more than or equal to 9 percent, calcium (Ca) is more than or equal to 20 percent, and potassium (K)2O) is more than or equal to 3 percent, magnesium (Mg) is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the PH value is 9.0;
(6) loading the substrate into a tray: filling the substrate prepared in the step (5) into a sterilized foam seedling tray for later use;
(7) disinfecting and seed soaking: sun-drying the seeds for 2 days, soaking in cold water for 10min, soaking in hot water at 80 deg.C for 0.5min, and quickly soaking in cold water for 10 h;
(8) and (3) germination accelerating at a proper temperature: wrapping the soaked seeds with a wet towel, wrapping a layer of plastic self-sealing bag, placing in a constant temperature cabinet at 31 deg.C for accelerating germination for 30h, and sowing when the germination length reaches 0.8 cm;
(9) sowing and placing a tray: sowing the germinated seeds in the foam seedling raising plate in the step (6), wherein 1 particle of the germinated seeds is covered with perlite with the diameter of 3mm and the thickness of the perlite is 0.8cm in each hole; after sowing, putting the seeds into the seedling raising pool finished in the step (4), and covering a small plastic arched shed;
(10) seedling stage management: a. temperature management: adjusting the temperature to 30 ℃ in the seedling emergence period, controlling the temperature to 21 ℃ after seedling emergence, and adopting a top ventilation mode if temperature reduction is required, wherein the top ventilation means that the lower part of a top film is uncovered, a skirt film is still closed, and an opening is opened between the top film and the skirt film for ventilation; b. humidity management: in the seedling stage, a seedling tray is placed in a pool for moisture preservation; after aligning seedlings, the seedling tray is separated from the water surface and is erected above the seedling pool; in the later stage of seedling culture, placing the seedling trays into the pool once every 3d, and each time for 2.5 hours until transplanting; c. hardening and transplanting seedlings: transplanting to field when the seedling age reaches 2.5 true leaves, hardening off the seedling 1.5 days before transplanting, and removing the small arched shed.
The difference between comparative example 1 and example 1 is: in comparative example 1, the step (3) of arranging the electric heating wire was not performed.
The difference between comparative example 2 and example 1 is: in comparative example 2, the wind screen and the wind-break wall in step (1) were not used.
The difference between comparative example 3 and example 1 is: in comparative example 3, the seeds were subjected to chemical sterilization in step (7).
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that in comparative example 4, conventional shed door ventilation is used for temperature management in step (10).
Comparative example 5 is a conventional pumpkin seedling raising method.
The above examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were carried out at the test site of the vegetable science research institute, chand, hannan province, where the test variety is the Xingshu big fruit dense pumpkin, and the seedling period and survival rate of the pumpkin seedlings were recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 result table of seedling period, survival rate and seedbed disease incidence of pumpkin seedlings
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the seedling raising cycle of examples 1-3 is 22.9 days on average, the seedling rate is 94.7 on average, and the disease rate of the seedbed is 7.4 on average, and by applying the method, compared with the data of comparative example 5, the disease rate of the seedbed is reduced by 66.1%, the seedling rate of pumpkin can be improved by 22.7%, the seedling raising time is shortened by 3.3 days, and the seedling raising cost is saved by 600 yuan/hm2Even under extreme low temperature weather, the cold damage risk can be reduced to zero, and the market application prospect is very wide.
Claims (10)
1. A safe pumpkin seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) site selection and shed building: selecting a land with flat terrain, leeward and sunny side, and wide periphery to construct a plastic greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse, and covering a greenhouse film; arranging door openings and wind-shielding curtains at two ends of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, installing insect-proof nets, skirt membranes and wind-shielding walls at two sides of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, and hanging yellow pest sticking plates;
(2) building a seedling raising pond: building a seedling raising pond along the extension direction of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, wherein the width of the bottom of the seedling raising pond is 1.5-1.8m, the pond depth is 12cm, the length of the pond is shorter than that of the plastic greenhouse or the multi-span greenhouse, and the width of the embankment ridge is 24-48 cm;
(3) arranging electric heating wires: firstly, a layer of color strip cloth is laid at the bottom of the seedling raising pool, and special electric heating wires for raising seedlings are laid on the color strip cloth and distributed according to an N shape, so that the color strip cloth cannot be crossed;
(4) film laying and water filling: laying plastic greenhouse film on the electric heating wire, pouring water, adding nutrient solution and copper sulfate, and keeping the water depth at 8-10 cm;
(5) preparing a matrix: the seedling substrate comprises peat, rice hull ash, dry pig manure and silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer as raw materials;
(6) loading the substrate into a tray: filling the substrate prepared in the step (5) into a sterilized foam seedling tray for later use;
(7) disinfecting and seed soaking: sun-drying the seeds, soaking in cold water, soaking in hot water at 80 deg.C for 0.5min, and quickly soaking in cold water for 8-12 hr;
(8) and (3) germination accelerating at a proper temperature: wrapping the soaked seeds with a wet towel, wrapping a layer of plastic self-sealing bag, placing in a 30-32 deg.C incubator for accelerating germination for 24-48h, and sowing when the germination length reaches 0.3-1.0 cm;
(9) sowing and placing a tray: sowing the germinated seeds in the foam seedling raising plate in the step (6), wherein 1 particle of the germinated seeds is arranged in each hole, and perlite with the diameter of 2-4mm is covered on the germinated seeds, and the thickness of the perlite is 0.5-1.0 cm; after sowing, putting the seeds into the seedling raising pool finished in the step (4), and covering a small plastic arched shed;
(10) seedling stage management: a. temperature management: adjusting the temperature to 28-32 ℃ in the seedling stage, and controlling the temperature to 20-25 ℃ after seedling emergence; b. humidity management: in the seedling stage, a seedling tray is placed in a pool for moisture preservation; after aligning seedlings, the seedling tray is separated from the water surface and is erected above the seedling pool; in the later stage of seedling culture, placing the seedling trays into the pool once every 3d, and each time for 2-4h until transplanting; c. hardening and transplanting seedlings: transplanting to field when the seedling age reaches 2-3 main leaves, hardening off 1-3 days before transplanting, and removing the small arched shed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the wind screen in step (1) is disposed within the shelter from the door by 1.2-1.5m, and the wind screen is a suspended one-piece plastic film screen.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wind-break wall in step (1) is a plastic film wall fixedly installed on the lower half of the skirt film, and has a height of 40-60 cm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the yellow armyworm plate in step (1) has a size of 25cm x 20cm or 25cm x 30cm per 20-30m2Hanging 1 piece of the wall, and hanging the wall in a plastic greenhouse or a multi-span greenhouse.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dimension of the firebrick or cement brick in the step (2) is 24cm x 12cm x 6 cm.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color stripe cloth in the step (3) is woven of chemical fiber material, is not easily penetrated by the hard soil ball, and has a selected width corresponding to the width of the nursery pond.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in step (4) is a quick-acting water-soluble fertilizer consisting of macro-elements and trace elements, and containing magnesium, boron, iron and zinc in addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the copper sulfate in the step (4) is crystalline copper sulfate in an amount of 4 to 5g/m2Dissolving with hot water, and pouring into a pool.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the content of the Si-Ca-K-Mg fertilizer in the step (5) requires: silicon (Si) is more than or equal to 9 percent, calcium (Ca) is more than or equal to 20 percent, and potassium (K)2O) is more than or equal to 3 percent, magnesium (Mg) is more than or equal to 2 percent, and the PH value is 8.0-11.0.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the raw material of the seedling substrate in the step (1) is peat, rice hull ash, dry pig manure, silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer in a volume ratio of 5: 2: 1, and the seedling substrate is prepared by sufficiently mixing the materials.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111030465 | 2021-09-03 | ||
| CN2021110304658 | 2021-09-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114271065A true CN114271065A (en) | 2022-04-05 |
Family
ID=80871385
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111497810.9A Pending CN114271065A (en) | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-09 | Safe pumpkin seedling raising method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114271065A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103168593A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-26 | 张梦圆 | Plastic-covered greenhouse pumpkin cultivation method |
| CN104396710A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-11 | 汇美农业科技有限公司 | Float seedling method for globe artichoke |
| CN105210826A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-01-06 | 陈启林 | Floating seedlings culturing method |
| CN105941112A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-21 | 时枫娇 | Pumpkin soilless culture nutrition formula |
| CN106665202A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-05-17 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Electric heating seed plot, preparation method thereof and chili cultivation method applying seed plot |
| CN208227622U (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-12-14 | 重庆市飞龙种业有限责任公司 | The device for raising seedlings of pumpkin precocity |
| CN110122296A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-08-16 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cowpea float seedling method |
-
2021
- 2021-12-09 CN CN202111497810.9A patent/CN114271065A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103168593A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-06-26 | 张梦圆 | Plastic-covered greenhouse pumpkin cultivation method |
| CN104396710A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-11 | 汇美农业科技有限公司 | Float seedling method for globe artichoke |
| CN105210826A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2016-01-06 | 陈启林 | Floating seedlings culturing method |
| CN105941112A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-21 | 时枫娇 | Pumpkin soilless culture nutrition formula |
| CN106665202A (en) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-05-17 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Electric heating seed plot, preparation method thereof and chili cultivation method applying seed plot |
| CN208227622U (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-12-14 | 重庆市飞龙种业有限责任公司 | The device for raising seedlings of pumpkin precocity |
| CN110122296A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-08-16 | 湖南省蔬菜研究所 | A kind of cowpea float seedling method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 童辉: "蔬菜漂浮育苗生产管理技术", 《农村百事通》 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103340068B (en) | Undergrowth cultivation medium and cultivation method for anoectochilus formosanus | |
| CN103875384B (en) | Efficient cultivation method for fine varieties of small watermelons | |
| CN102369829A (en) | Method for raising seedlings of purple sweet potatoes | |
| CN103299790A (en) | Method for planting pumpkin | |
| CN103597996B (en) | Rapid rhubarb seedling growing method | |
| CN103828558A (en) | Method for cultivation of seedlings of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae through devices | |
| CN1711825A (en) | Water floatation seedling method of cotton | |
| CN102172150B (en) | Method for culturing wood seedlings by applying culture box | |
| CN103814736A (en) | Cuckoo greenhouse seedling thinning transplantation method | |
| CN107211868A (en) | A kind of green asparagus soilless substyate culture method | |
| CN101720617B (en) | Petunidin greenhouse seedling nursing method | |
| CN105379524A (en) | Method for planting capsicum annuum in late autumn | |
| CN105900662A (en) | Soilless half-hydroponic planting method of organic Chinese chives | |
| CN107873415A (en) | Winter warm type big shack tomato interplants the cultural method of cowpea crop rotation muskmelon | |
| CN107211717A (en) | A kind of muskmelon heliogreenhouse early spring, strawberry cultivation method autumn and winter | |
| CN104620798A (en) | Astragalus mongholicus bunge greenhouse seedling raising technique | |
| CN110558215A (en) | Organic vegetable cultivation method, cultivation tank used by same and application of cultivation tank | |
| CN105900654A (en) | Purple Chinese yam planting method suitable for Hunan area | |
| CN102511332A (en) | Fruit vegetable seedling culture method in winter and spring | |
| CN110169349A (en) | A kind of off-season cultivation method of jujube tree | |
| CN103404353A (en) | Seedling culture method for cultivating early-spring strong vegetable seedlings by utilizing sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN104620809A (en) | Method for increasing cropping index while improving tomato breeding field soil | |
| CN114271065A (en) | Safe pumpkin seedling raising method | |
| CN103636474A (en) | Rapid seedling culturing method for lamiophlomis rotata | |
| CN1965622A (en) | Novel watermelon cultivation process in early spring |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20220405 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |