CN103404353A - Seedling culture method for cultivating early-spring strong vegetable seedlings by utilizing sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents
Seedling culture method for cultivating early-spring strong vegetable seedlings by utilizing sunlight greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN103404353A CN103404353A CN2013103632174A CN201310363217A CN103404353A CN 103404353 A CN103404353 A CN 103404353A CN 2013103632174 A CN2013103632174 A CN 2013103632174A CN 201310363217 A CN201310363217 A CN 201310363217A CN 103404353 A CN103404353 A CN 103404353A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling cultivation method for cultivating early-spring strong vegetable seedlings by utilizing a sunlight greenhouse, belonging to the technical field of high-efficiency agriculture cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: in the sunlight greenhouse, performing the longitudinal bedding, wherein the bedding face width is 1.2m and the bedding pit width is 0.3m, so that an overground bedding surface higher than the ground by about 10cm is formed; paving a piece of gardening ground fabric on the bedding surface, then paving a substance, arranging electric hot lines, and placing seedling culture hole tray after fine earth with the thickness of 1cm is coated; according to the proportion that 1kg of a fungus fertilizer is added to every 50L of a Qingfeng seedling culture substance, uniformly mixing the seedling culture substance and the fungus fertilizer to prepare a disease prevention substance; after seedling emergence of about ten days, watering a seedbed once, and then coating dry fine earth with the thickness of about 0.5cm on the surface of the substance. According to the seedling cultivation method, the characteristics of being high overwintering seedling culture safety, low in disease incidence, small in pesticide application quantity, low in seedling culture cost and high in seedling culture quality can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grow seedlings of vegetable technology, is to utilize greenhouse by solar heat in season severe winter, to cultivate the seedling-cultivating method in vegetables strong sprout in early spring.
Background technology
Facility cultivation can provide the good environment condition for crop growth, can meet preferably the requirement of crop to environmental condition (light, heat, water, gas), extend the season of growth, thereby obtain the agricultural product of high yield and high quality, obtain higher economic benefit, simultaneously, break away to a certain extent the impact of unfavourable weather on agricultural production, improve anti-natural calamity risk ability, strengthen the stability of agricultural production.The development of China agricultural facility cultivation be take greenhouse by solar heat and plastic tunnel and is main body, by current advanced person's facility cultivation equipment, control technique, new exclusive kind and organic type production technology integration and demonstration, be conducive to promote the leap of China's facility cultivation vegetables production technology level.Facilities vegetable adopts seedling raising and transplanting more, greenhouse by solar heat and booth anti-season are produced, the spring produces ahead of time and the growing seedlings all in severe winter and early spring (1, February) of expert system, and grow seedlings severe winter and early spring, it is the difficult point of grow seedlings of vegetable, in production, take peasant household from growing seedlings as main, seedling quality is poor, usually grow seedlings unsuccessfully, take up an area in addition many, take a lot of work many, seedling cost is high; Current domestic introduction fully-automatic intelligent greenhouse factorial seedling growth, because one-time investment is large, greenhouse control and operating cost are high, and the starting point of growing seedlings scale is large, and seedling cost is too high, applies difficulty large; Now existing part peasant household starts to apply the vegetables commercial seedling, but it is large to purchase freight charges, high with the seedling cost, and the long-distance rice shoot of buying subjects to the poor environment impact, is difficult to guarantee seedling quality.Facilities vegetable seedling supply present situation and facility cultivation fast development are incompatible, the facilities vegetable commercial seedling produces for the system disappearance, having limited China's facilities vegetable benefit further improves, affected the lifting of producing crops for rotation arrangement and product core competitiveness the facilities vegetable anniversary, become " bottleneck " problem of facilities vegetable industry development, urgently to be resolved hurrily.The application greenhouse by solar heat, in conjunction with the temperature raising and maintaining technology, is carried out early spring severe winter facilities vegetable and is grown seedlings, and small investment, operating cost be low, it is safe to grow seedlings, and can cultivate the high-quality strong sprout that the facilities vegetable spring cultivates in advance.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
Intelligent greenhouse factorial seedling growth one-time investment is large, and operating cost is high, and the simple and easy low temperature seasons of facility such as the general booth difficulty of growing seedlings is large, work loaded down with trivial details, is difficult to formation strong sprout.Low temperature season utilizes greenhouse by solar heat to grow seedlings, the operating cost decreases such as temperature raising and maintaining.The present invention, on the basis of relevant grow seedlings of vegetable prototyping technique, sets up greenhouse by solar heat cultivation vegetables in the early spring seedling-cultivating method in strong sprout, meets the demand of facilities vegetable production to the high-quality seedling.
The present invention is on the basis of summing up domestic existing day-light greenhouse winter spring intensive seedling production technology, to the safety of growing seedlings of the low temperature season of this technology, disease is controlled, the aspects such as high pin seedling control have been carried out improving and have been improved, a kind ofly can carry out the new technology that the facilities vegetable low cost is grown seedlings at low temperature season (November~February), has facility simple, cost is lower, safe characteristics, safety and dish height of seedling quality had both guaranteed to grow seedlings, exceed again the increase cost, be applicable to tomato, watermelon, custard squash, capsicum, grow seedlings early spring severe winter of the cultivation ahead of time of the facilities vegetable spring such as muskmelon and off-season cultivation, thereby form the low temperature season new method for raising seedling of key facility vegetable variety, peasant household provides inexpensive for facilities vegetable production, of fine quality, stable seedling, meet the vegetables Production requirement.
Technical scheme
Utilize greenhouse by solar heat cultivation vegetables in the early spring seedling-cultivating method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that:
1) vertically bedding in greenhouse by solar heat, furrow face width 1.2m, dark furrow ditch is dug on the furrow limit, furrow furrow width 0.3m, furrow ditch depth 30cm, train soil in the furrow ditch on the furrow face, smashes and clap, and forms the ground furrow face of the 10cm that is above the ground level.
2) after the furrow face performs, cover PE gardening cloth, above gardening cloth, add the thick seedling medium of 1 ㎝, lay heating wire, the 1cm that earths up above heating wire, overcast and rainy snow weather is opened heating wire and is heated.
3) by every 50 liters of humus content >=8%, PH4-8, the rich seedling medium of the green grass or young crops of moisture≤20% adds 1kg to contain 200,000,000/g of effective active bacterium, and the bacterium of zinc boron calcium iron sulfur content >=8% is executed precious the mixing, is made into formulation media.
4) after planting covering in time the 0.5cm formulation media, emerged 10 days, waters 1 time in seedbed, carries out immediately secondary soil-covering, at the stromal surface covering diameter, is greater than the particle of 0.5cm, the air-dry fine earth 0.5cm of relative water content 40~50%.
The greenhouse by solar heat middle part is according to every 6m, 1 500 watts of sunlamp being installed, and sunlamp terrain clearance 1.5m, meet the temperature-increasing light-replenishing needs during cloudy weather for several days running is avenged;
The furrow of growing seedlings are built the insulation of little shed, and seedling culture hole plate after planting, neatly is thrown on the furrow of growing seedlings, water permeable after, take little shed, more than little shed was risen 0.5m, cover film, built insulation blanket.
Beneficial effect
Utilize greenhouse by solar heat cultivation vegetables in the early spring seedling-cultivating method in strong sprout, be applicable to the low temperature season grow seedlings of vegetable of China's Huang-Huai-Hai, key technology is characterised in that:
(1) the high furrow in ground: vertically bedding in greenhouse by solar heat, furrow face width 1.2m, dark furrow ditch is dug on the furrow limit, and furrow furrow width 0.3m trains soil in the furrow ditch on the furrow face, smashes and claps, and forms the ground furrow face of the 10cm left and right that is above the ground level.High furrow are conducive to reduce seedbed humidity on the ground, alleviate sprout term disease, prevent high pin seedling.
(2) secondary lid seed: after planting cover 0.5 ㎝ matrix lid seed, emerge about 10 days, watering 1 time in seedbed, carries out immediately secondary soil-covering, covers dry fine earth 0.5cm left and right in stromal surface.Secondary lid seed is conducive to reduce the furrow surface humidity of growing seedlings, and suppresses disease, promotes strong sprout.
(3) formulation media: (Qingzhou, Shandong Province Qing Feng seedling medium processing factory produces according to every 50 liters of rich seedling mediums of green grass or young crops, humus content >=8%, PH4-8, moisture≤20%) (in From Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province, foreign fertile industry Co., Ltd produces to add the 1kg bacterium to execute treasured, 200,000,000/g of effective active bacterium, zinc boron calcium iron sulfur content >=8%) ratio, execute seedling medium and bacterium preciously evenly to mix, be made into diseases prevention matrix, the suitable point disk seedling growing of packing into after matrix prepares.Formulation media is conducive to promote strong sprout, the prevention sprout term disease.
(4) electric heating is auxiliary: after the furrow face performs, cover PE gardening cloth, above gardening cloth, add 1 ㎝ left and right seedling medium, lay heating wire, training fine earth 1cm left and right on heating wire.The furrow of growing seedlings are laid heating wire, and overcast and rainy snow weather is opened heating wire and heated, the furrow preference temperature of guaranteeing to grow seedlings.
The present invention has to survive the winter and grows seedlings that safe, sick seedling rate is low, dosage is few, seedling cost is low, do not use the characteristics that hormone is controlled, the quality of growing seedlings is high, can meet China's needs of growing seedlings the Huang-Huai-Hai facilities vegetable severe winter.
(1) under the normal climate condition in China's Huang-Huai-Hai December~February, cultivating the vegetable seedling safety coefficients such as tomato, watermelon, muskmelon, custard squash, capsicum reaches more than 99%, planting percent (is deducted not chitting piece) more than 95%, between nursery stage, diseases prevention dosage and spray medicine number of times reduce 50%, and the seedling rate is reduced to below 10% in spite of illness.
(2) the cultivation vegetable seedling is disease-free, and seedling quality reaches the standard in strong sprout; Do not use hormone to control, after the dish transplantation of seedlings, live fast, to send out seedling good.
(3) seedling-cultivating method benefit of the present invention is grown seedlings higher than common peasant household greenhouse by solar heat far away.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the high furrow in ground and little arch canopy and the covering while growing seedlings
Fig. 2 is that the interior little shed of greenhouse by solar heat and sunlamp are arranged
Fig. 3 is secondary lid seed state when growing seedlings
The tomato seedling of Fig. 4 for cultivating
The Grafted Watermelon seedling that Fig. 5 cultivates
The Hot Pepper Seedling that Fig. 6 cultivates
Embodiment
In Guanyun County, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province emerging cloud agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd, utilize above-mentioned seedling-cultivating method, cultivated high-quality strong sprout in continuous 2 years, 2012/13 annual the said firm utilizes the present invention's 1,000,000 strains of growing seedlings, and achieves success, existing with this example explanation the present invention.Its operating procedure is as follows:
(1) greenhouse by solar heat of growing seedlings build to require: build the flat type greenhouse by solar heat, specification is 80m * 10m, and north wall is insulating hollow brick, the high 2.5m of wall, the high 3m of ridge, forward position, greenhouse height 1m.The greenhouse by solar heat middle part is according to every 6m, 1 500 watts of sunlamp being installed, and sunlamp terrain clearance 1.5m left and right, meet the temperature-increasing light-replenishing needs during cloudy weather for several days running is avenged.
(2) furrow are made on the ground: vertically bedding in greenhouse by solar heat, and furrow face width 1.2m, the dark furrow ditch of 0.3m is dug on the furrow limit, and furrow furrow width 0.3m trains soil in the furrow ditch on the furrow face, smashes and claps, and forms the ground furrow face of the 10cm left and right that is above the ground level.
(3) lay heating wire: after the furrow face performs, cover PE gardening cloth, above gardening cloth, overlay 1 ㎝ left and right seedling medium, seedling bed is vertically laid heating wire, heating wire spacing 8cm, training fine earth 1cm left and right on heating wire.
(4) formulation media configuration: (Qingzhou, Shandong Province Qing Feng seedling medium processing factory buys according to every 50 liters of rich seedling mediums of green grass or young crops, humus content >=8%, PH4-8, moisture≤20%) add the 1kg bacterium to execute the ratio of treasured (in From Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province, foreign fertile industry Co., Ltd buys, 200,000,000/g of effective active bacterium, zinc boron calcium iron sulfur content >=8%), seedling medium and bacterium are executed to treasured evenly to be mixed, be made into diseases prevention matrix, after the matrix configuration mixes, the suitable point disk seedling growing of packing into.
(5) shed insulation: seedling culture hole plate after planting, neatly is thrown on seedbed, water permeable after, take little shed, more than little shed was risen 0.5m, cover film, got insulation blanket ready, when low temperature, plays fine heat insulation effect.
(6) seedbed management measure:
1. sow~emerge stage management:
The one, meticulous sowing, the facilities vegetable seed is basked seeds, chemicals treatment and vernalization are processed; The seedling culture hole plate that it is suitable that formulation media is packed into (tomato is that 50 holes, western muskmelon and custard squash are 32 holes or 50 holes dish), after planting cover 0.5cm formulation media lid seed in time, and after planting cave is checked and regulated and is placed in together on the furrow face of growing seedlings, and waters permeable.
The 2nd, temperature raising and maintaining, want frame bamboo bow on seedbed, and cover film, get insulation blanket ready, should heat and urge seedling during this time, if meet low temperature cloudy weather for several days running weather, greenhouse by solar heat is added a cover straw screen or mat, little shed will open that heating wire, fluorescent lamp are heated, light filling, and the insulation of covering and heat insulating blanket, promote early to emerge.
2. operate during tidy seedlings output: after neat seedling, should select fine day to take off the seedbed film noon, the seedling 1~2 day of drying in the air, reduce soil humidity, and spray can be killed to obtain the 3000(Dupont) and 800 times of liquid of broad spectrum protection bactericide such as 75% tpn (Switzerland elder generation just reaches).
3. secondary soil-covering: emerging about 10 days, waters 1 time in seedbed, carries out immediately secondary soil-covering, at the stromal surface covering diameter, is greater than the particle of 0.5cm, the air-dry fine earth 0.5cm left and right of relative water content 40~50%.
4. the rear normal management of emerging:
The one, strengthen the greenhouse by solar heat temperature and humidity management, between the megathermal period, the daylight greenhouse will be windowed aeration-coolingly in time, if meet low temperature cloudy weather for several days running weather, greenhouse by solar heat is added a cover straw screen or mat, small arched shed will open that heating wire, fluorescent lamp are heated, light filling, the insulation of covering and heat insulating blanket;
The 2nd, if there is disease spray 77% can kill, the broad spectrum protection bactericide such as will letter 2000 and 50% tpn;
The 3rd, in good time lifting, general seedling raise period is: capsicum is no more than 80 days, and tomato is no more than 60 days, and west (sweet) melon reaches, and custard squash is no more than 40 days, when seedling reaches the transplanting requirement, can sell by lifting.
Use-case:
(1) Quality of Seedlings
The present invention grows seedlings and shows with common peasant household greenhouse by solar heat seedling quality contrast (table 1) result of growing seedlings: the severe winter in 2012/13 year grew seedlings in season, the continuous rainy weather of continuous 20 days appearred on January 15,26 days~2013 December in 2012, seedling-cultivating method Tomato in Greenhouse of the present invention, watermelon and the custard squash planting percent of growing seedlings reaches respectively 93.5%, 95.2% and 94.3%, planting percent only has respectively 76.3%, 73.0% and 73.8% and common peasant household grows seedlings the same period, and the peasant household of much growing seedlings grows seedlings unsuccessfully; Utilize the present invention's custard squash of growing seedlings to go on the market on January 28th, 2013, and common peasant household grow seedlings into and is deferred to seedling stage before and after on February 10th, 2013; Tomato seedling is sold on February 8th, 2013 listing, and common peasant household grows seedlings into and is deferred to 2013 seedling stage by the end of February; Watermelon seedling culturing is sold on February 20th, 2013 listing, and at the beginning of common peasant household grows seedlings into and be deferred to seedling stage 2013 3 months, and the present invention has shifted to an earlier date 10~20 days at listing phase of growing seedlings.The present invention grow seedlings quality might as well, rice shoot plant height, leaf age, fresh weight, dry weight are all grown seedlings higher than common peasant household, simultaneously diseased plant rate, high pin seedling rate are all low.This shows, seedling-cultivating method success rate of the present invention is high, the quality of growing seedlings is good, diseases prevention dosage and spray medicine number of times reduce 50% between nursery stage, and the seedling rate is reduced to below 10% in spite of illness.
Table 1: the seedling quality investigation of seedling growth test
(2) seedling cost benefit accounting
The present invention grow seedlings every Donges light greenhouse (specification is 80m * 10m, lower with) tomato seedling output be 10.5 ten thousand strains/, watermelon be 80,000 strains/, custard squash be 80,000 strains/, and common peasant household is: tomato 8.4 ten thousand strains/, watermelon 5.85 ten thousand strains/, custard squash 5.9 ten thousand strains/; Unit are seedling amount is: tomato seedling on average reaches 131 strains/m
2, watermelon 100 strains/m
2, custard squash 100 strains/m
2, respectively than high 26 strains of common peasant household/m
2, 27 strains/m
2With 26 strains/m
2The present invention listing phase more common peasant household 10~20 days ahead of time of growing seedlings, so the price of tomato, watermelon, custard squash seedling is also respectively than the high 0.1 yuan/strain of common peasant household, 0.15 yuan/strain and 0.2 yuan/strain; Management cost of the present invention is due to the electricity charge of cloudy weather for several days running heating insulation and increase by 2580 yuan/with expenses of labour, but seedling management of the present invention sprays medicine once according to interval about 1 day, drug cost is 100 yuan/, and common peasant household reaches and sprays weekly medicine 2 times, drug cost reaches 280 yuan/, and the every Donges light of the present invention greenhouse total cost of production increases by 2400 yuan (except seed costs).Because seedling growing process planting percent of the present invention is high, individual plant production cost more common peasant household reduction by 0.001 yuan/strain, 0.0169 yuan/strain and the 0.0154 yuan/strain respectively of growing seedlings.Measuring and calculating accordingly, the present invention's individual plant income of growing seedlings is: 0.18 yuan/strain of tomato, 0.1925 yuan/strain of watermelon, 0.2425 yuan/strain of custard squash, the high 0.101 yuan/strain of more common peasant household respectively, 0.0669 yuan/strain and 0.2154 yuan/strain; The income of growing seedlings of single Donges light greenhouse severe winter is: 18900 yuan/of tomatoes, 15400 yuan/of watermelons, 19400 yuan/of custard squashs, respectively more common peasant household high 12300 yuan/, 8050 yuan/and 17800 yuan/.Seedling-cultivating method benefit of the present invention is grown seedlings higher than common peasant household greenhouse by solar heat far away, shows that the present invention is remarkable to the improvement effect of existing greenhouse by solar heat seedling-cultivating method.
Claims (3)
1. utilize greenhouse by solar heat cultivation vegetables in the early spring seedling-cultivating method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that:
1) vertically bedding in greenhouse by solar heat, furrow face width 1.2m, dark furrow ditch is dug on the furrow limit, furrow furrow width 0.3m, furrow ditch depth 30cm, train soil in the furrow ditch on the furrow face, smashes and clap, and forms the ground furrow face of the 10cm that is above the ground level;
2) after the furrow face performs, cover PE gardening cloth, above gardening cloth, add the thick seedling medium of 1 ㎝, lay heating wire, the 1cm that earths up above heating wire, overcast and rainy snow weather is opened heating wire and is heated;
3) by every 50 liters of humus content >=8%, PH4-8, the rich seedling medium of the green grass or young crops of moisture≤20% adds 1kg to contain 200,000,000/g of effective active bacterium, and the bacterium of zinc boron calcium iron sulfur content >=8% is executed precious the mixing, is made into formulation media;
4) after planting covering in time the 0.5cm formulation media, emerged 10 days, waters 1 time in seedbed, carries out immediately secondary soil-covering, at the stromal surface covering diameter, is greater than the particle of 0.5cm, the air-dry fine earth 0.5cm of relative water content 40~50%.
2. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The greenhouse by solar heat middle part is according to every 6m, 1 500 watts of sunlamp being installed, and sunlamp terrain clearance 1.5m, meet the temperature-increasing light-replenishing needs during cloudy weather for several days running is avenged.
3. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
The furrow of growing seedlings are built the insulation of little shed, and seedling culture hole plate after planting, neatly is thrown on the furrow of growing seedlings, water permeable after, take little shed, more than little shed was risen 0.5m, cover film, built insulation blanket.
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CN108293707A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-07-20 | 湖南九农蔬菜科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of rattan water spinach local wintering nursery |
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CN103947321A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-30 | 江苏善港生态农业科技有限公司 | Cold-resistant vegetable seeding method |
CN108293707A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-07-20 | 湖南九农蔬菜科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method of rattan water spinach local wintering nursery |
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