CN103416201A - Seedling culturing method for prompting earliness and high yield of cucurbita maxima - Google Patents
Seedling culturing method for prompting earliness and high yield of cucurbita maxima Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seedling culturing method for prompting the earliness and the high yield of cucurbita maxima. The seedling culturing method for prompting the earliness and the high yield of cucurbita maxima comprises the following steps that firstly, a seed bed is established; secondly, seedling culturing bags are filled with nutrient soil; thirdly, cucurbita maxima seeds are soaked with warm water with the temperature of 55 DEG C; fourthly, the small end of each cucurbita maxima seed is cut with scissors so that a small opening can be formed, the seeds are well wrapped with gauze, and accelerating germination is conducted; fifthly, after the cucurbita maxima seeds germinate, at noon on a sunny day in spring, each seedling culturing bag is punctured so that a small hole can be formed, each germinated seed is placed in one small hole with a bud facing downwards, and the small holes are covered with the nutrient soil; sixthly, in the period of seedling stage management, the conditions that the soil temperature of a seedling culturing bed in a seedling culturing greenhouse ranges from 20 DEG C to 28 DEG C in the daytime and the soil temperature of the seedling culturing bed in the seedling culturing greenhouse ranges from 15 DEG C to 20 DEG C at night are met, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with the mass concentration being 0.3% is sprayed to cucurbita maxima seedlings one week before planting, and low-temperature seedling exercising is conducted; seventhly, planting is conducted, wherein strong seedlings are planted when it is cloudy, and the seedling culturing bags with the strong seedlings are transplanted to a field. The seedling culturing method for prompting the earliness and the high yield of cucurbita maxima can guarantee the uniformity of emergence of the seedlings and the survival rate of transplanting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of crops, especially a kind of seedling-cultivating method that promotes western pumpkin precocity, high yield, belong to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Dish mainly contains three cultivars with pumpkin, and China squash (cucurbita moschata D), be commonly called as pumpkin or meal melon; Giant pumpkin (cucurbita maxima D), be commonly called as winter squash; American pumpkin (cucurbita pepo L), i.e. custard squash.In recent years, the western pumpkin (being again Pumpkin) of introducing from Japan, Taiwan and other places belongs to giant pumpkin in botany, and western pumpkin is nutritious because of it, best in quality, mouthfeel powder, glutinous, sweet, good looking appearance, small and exquisite, get consumer reception very much, make its area under cultivation constantly enlarge.Because the root growth of western pumpkin is vigorous not as China squash, Seedling root is less and long, a little less than growth and regeneration power, after all utilizing cave dish or feeding block seedlings raising in production at present, then is transplanted to land for growing field crops.But, adopt traditional cave dish or feeding block seedlings raising, in de-transplantation of seedlings, the seedling root with Tu Tuo be easy to loose sticking together, cause root easily impaired, so cause seedling to be difficult for surviving or seedling-slowing stage long, affected growth and the output in western pumpkin later stage.In addition, the seed shell of western pumpkin is harder, and after therefore causing processing by presoaking and germinating, seed sprouts inconsistent.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defect existed according to prior art, proposes a kind of seedling-cultivating method that promotes western pumpkin precocity, high yield, can improve the transplanting survival rate of seedling, can guarantee that again seed sprouts unanimously.
The present invention is the technical solution problem by the following technical programs, and a kind of seedling-cultivating method that promotes western pumpkin precocity, high yield comprises the following steps:
One, build seedbed---the selection physical features is high and dry, the plot of convenient transportation is built seedling raising greenhouse and done seedbed, by the seedbed Land leveling, make the furrow of growing seedlings in north-south, lay heating wire on the seedbed of seedling raising greenhouse, and on heating wire the even Nutrition Soil of spreading 5～8cm, smooth treading;
Two, dress alms bowl---by the Nutrition Soil Seedling bag of packing into, and the Seedling bag that will install Nutrition Soil is put into the furrow of growing seedlings of seedling raising greenhouse;
Three, seed soaking---after the western pumpkin seed is soaked seed 15～20 minutes in 55 ℃ of warm water, pull the western pumpkin seed out nature cooling, and under normal temperature condition Seed soaking 3～4 hours, the western pumpkin seed that clear water was soaked is pulled out and is cleaned up;
Microcephaly's end of four, vernalization---the western pumpkin seed that will clean is cut off an osculum with scissors, and with gauze, seed is wrapped, and under 28 ± 2 ℃ of temperature condition, carries out vernalization;
Five, sowing---after the western pumpkin seed sprouts, select the noon of fine day in spring, prick an aperture in the middle of Seedling bag, the seed bud sprouted is put into to aperture down, and cover Nutrition Soil in hole, carefully spray a small amount of water, make ground moistening;
Six, after seedling management---cotyledon is unearthed, by to heating wire energising heating and take off, cover seedling raising greenhouse and little shed keep in seedling raising greenhouse growing seedlings soil temperature daytime of furrow is 20～28 ℃, 15～20 ℃ of nights, within 1 week before field planting, the western pumpkin seedling is sprayed to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mass concentration is 0.3%, and carry out the low temperature hardening;
Seven, field planting---choosing does not have the solar time to carrying out field planting strong sprout, and the Seedling bag with strong sprout is transplanted to land for growing field crops.
In the present invention, vegetable garden soil is common cultivating soil, and because of often fertilising farming, fertility is higher, and granular structure is good, is one of primary raw material of preparation compost.
Facts have proved, step 3 of the present invention and four-way are crossed the proterties that physical treatment can improve the western pumpkin seed, promote seed germination, guarantee the uniformity of seed sprouting, and then obtain nursery effect preferably.And, in step 7, during field planting, need be transplanted to land for growing field crops strong sprout together with Seedling bag, avoided loose the stick together phenomenon of conventional de-transplantation of seedlings during Young shoot root section with Tu Tuo, and then avoided the seedling root damage, evade seedling-slowing stage, obviously improved survival rate and the early growth of seedling after the field planting, reached purpose precocious, high yield.
The present invention is further technical solution problem by the following technical programs:
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, therein in described step 1 and two, described Nutrition Soil be after being sieved in the ratio of 7:3 by vegetable garden soil and decomposed dung, mix formulated.
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, therein in described step 2, every 1000kg Nutrition Soil adds superphosphate 3kg, ash 10kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 5kg and 20g powder of carbendazim, obtain the pumpkin soil of growing seedlings after mixing, the pumpkin soil of growing seedlings is packed in Seedling bag, the material of described Seedling bag is degradable nonwoven.In Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, the ratio of N:P:K is 15:15:15.
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, in described step 3, before seed soaking, the western pumpkin seed is basked seeds 1～2 day, to break seed dormancy therein.
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, and in described step 4, the clear water drip washing western pumpkin seed that during vernalization, be 30 ℃ by temperature every day once therein.
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, therein in described step 5, sow first 1～2 day, the Seedling bag that installs Nutrition Soil is watered to sufficient water, then adopt the heating wire energising to heat the furrow of growing seedlings, and add a cover the little shed of seedling raising greenhouse, the furrow temperature that makes to grow seedlings reaches more than 30 ℃, during sowing, open little shed and ventilate.
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, also has therein following steps between described step 5 and six: before western pumpkin after planting is unearthed to cotyledon, the soil temperature of the furrow that keep growing seedlings is 25～35 ℃.
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, and in described step 6, the soil temperature that maintains the furrow of growing seedlings during the low temperature hardening is 15～22 ℃ of daytimes therein, and night, soil temperature was not less than 15 ℃.
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, therein in described step 6, during seedling lack of water in seedling stage, select spray water to seedling the noon of fine day, see the dry wet water spray that stops of seeing to Nutrition Soil, the tpn that mass concentration is 75% or 70% fenaminosulf, in case the evil of curing the disease.
Aforesaid promotion western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, therein in described step 6, after cotyledon is unearthed, grow to leaf spray nutritious liquor wholeheartedly the time the seedling of western pumpkin seed, the formula of nutrient solution is to add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～2.5g in every kg water, borax 0.025～0.05g, zinc sulphate 0.1～0.15g, magnesium sulfate 0.15～0.2g, vinegar 1.75～2g and paclobutrazol 0.25g.
Contain potassium, boron, zinc, magnesium etc. in the nutrient solution that the present invention uses, the seedling that can be western pumpkin provides sufficient nutritive element, and to promote growing of plant seedlings, borax also has the effect of desinsection, can prevent and treat the insect pest in seedling stage.Vinegar not only contains acetic acid in addition, also contain amino acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, nicotinic acid, sugar, salt, calcium, iron, aldehyde compound etc., can regulate and promote growing of plant, spray vinegar, can improve the acid concentration of plant, strengthen assimilation, increase nutrient supply, to accelerate the metabolic function in plant corpus, the leaf that keeps plant, root activity, strengthen its photosynthesis ability, make seedling stem stalk sturdy, can be used as foliage fertilizer, also can be used as plant protection product, add not only can the have additional nutrients application effect of element of vinegar in nutrient solution of the present invention, the stability of each component in liquid of having additional nutrients, increase borax, the application effect of paclobutrazol etc., also play the effect of sterilization and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.And paclobutrazol can stop the apical dominance of seedling, promote the growth of lateral bud, make seedling show as short strong, well developed root system.
The present invention utilizes degradable nonwoven Seedling bag to grow seedlings, presoaking and germinating and seedling management method in conjunction with science, can not only guarantee the uniformity that western pumpkin is emerged, cultivate that quality is good, the western pumpkin strong sprout of neat and consistent, without de-bag, directly transplant during field-transplanting, can guarantee again the transplanting survival rate of seedling, and evaded the restraining the growth of seedlings phase, thereby reach the purpose of western pumpkin precocity, high yield.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is that in the present invention, seed is sheared schematic diagram, wherein schemes a for kernel texture schematic diagram before shearing, and figure b is kernel texture schematic diagram after shearing.
1. kinds of skins, 2. kind of benevolence in figure.
Embodiment
In the present invention, " east rises " western pumpkin is purchased from Wuhan nine-headed bird Seed company.Superphosphate in the present invention, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, powder of carbendazim, 75% tpn, 70% fenaminosulf, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax, zinc sulphate, magnesium sulfate, vinegar and paclobutrazol etc. is commercially available.
Embodiment mono-
The promotion western pumpkin of the present embodiment is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, comprises the following steps:
One, build seedbed, the selection physical features is high and dry, the plot of convenient transportation is built seedling raising greenhouse and done seedbed, then by Land leveling, make the low furrow in north-south as the furrow of growing seedlings, dark 30 centimetres of furrow, wide 1.2～1.5 meters, and the flat furrow face of straight shovel is cut in the surrounding furrow ridge in furrow, it is flat steady and sure to hug.Lay heating wire on the seedbed of seedling raising greenhouse, and on heating wire the even Nutrition Soil of spreading 5～8cm, smooth treading.In the process of laying heating wire, first at the two in seedbed, according to left and right, 10 centimetres, interval, be plugged small wood or bamboo let, again successively around the small wood be plugged or bamboo let electric discharge hot line, the end of a thread of heating wire is stayed to outside, connect the electric brake switch after putting well on two rear line heads of heating wire, switch on a few minutes, check whether heating wire works, if, without abnormal, sprinkle evenly Nutrition Soil on heating wire.Wherein, get 3 parts of 7 parts of vegetable garden soils and decomposed dungs, after sieving, mix and be mixed with Nutrition Soil, rural area soil is nontoxic, disease-free and did not plant melon vegetable garden soil.
Two, dress alms bowl, every 1000kg Nutrition Soil adds superphosphate 3kg, ash 10kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 5kg and 20g powder of carbendazim (purchased from Jiangsu Dongbao Pesticide Chemical Co., Ltd.), obtain the pumpkin soil of growing seedlings after mixing, the pumpkin soil of growing seedlings is packed in Seedling bag, and the Seedling bag that will install Nutrition Soil is put into the furrow of growing seedlings of seedling raising greenhouse, put well one by one, should be noted while putting bag that to keep furrow face top concordant, do not stay gap between bag and bag, the material of Seedling bag is degradable nonwoven.
Three, seed soaking, basked seeds 1～2 day to western pumpkin " east rises " seed before seed soaking, to break seed dormancy." east rises " seed after 15～20 minutes, is pulled it out nature cooling with 55 ℃ of water seed soakings, uses Seed soaking under normal temperature condition 3～4 hours again, and " east rises " seed that clear water was soaked is pulled out and cleaned up.
Four, vernalization, cut off an osculum with scissors in the side of " east rises " the little head end of seed cleaned up, do not cut too much, as long as opening, can not cut kind of a benevolence (seeing accompanying drawing 1), with gauze, seed is wrapped, under 28 ± 2 ℃ of temperature condition, carried out vernalization, during vernalization, check 1 time and the clear water drip washing seed that is 30 ℃ by temperature every day.After seed starts to sprout, the seed first sprouted is first sowed.
Five, sowing, sow front 1～2 day, the Seedling bag that installs Nutrition Soil is watered to foot and water permeablely, then adopts heating wire switch on to heat to grow seedlings furrow furrow face, and adds a cover the little shed of seedling raising greenhouse, and the furrow temperature that makes to grow seedlings reaches more than 30 ℃.After " east rises " seed sprouts, select the noon of (being the 2-3 month) fine day in spring, opening little shed ventilates, prick a dark approximately hole of 1 centimetre in the middle of Seedling bag, the seed bud sprouted is put into down and is positioned at the middle hole of Seedling bag, put a seed for every bag, and cover 1 centimetre of dark Nutrition Soil in hole, the a small amount of moisture of thin spray, make ground moistening and on Seedling bag the lid layer mulch film, finally buckle the shed film.Before " east rise " planting seed to cotyledon is unearthed, the soil temperature of the furrow that keep growing seedlings is 25～35 ℃, and soil temperature is mainly by the heating wire heating, the taking off, cover to control of booth and little shed.
Six, seedling management, after cotyledon is unearthed, take in time mulch film off, keep growing seedlings soil temperature daytime of furrow is 20～28 ℃, 15～20 ℃ of nights, excess Temperature is prone to high pin seedling, too low easily causing macerated root green bristlegrass root, finally cause not tiller, and grow to leaf spray nutritious liquor wholeheartedly the time the seedling of western pumpkin seed, the formula of nutrient solution is to add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～2.5g in every kg water, borax 0.025～0.05g, zinc sulphate 0.1～0.15g, magnesium sulfate 0.15～0.2g, vinegar 1.75～2g and paclobutrazol (purchased from Jiangsu holder ball agriculture Co., Ltd) 0.25g.The western pumpkin seedling was sprayed to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mass concentration is 0.3% in 1 week before field planting, and carry out the low temperature hardening, maintain 15～22 ℃ of soil temperature daytimes of the furrow of growing seedlings during hardening, night, soil temperature was not less than 15 ℃.At the bottom of during sowing, water wants abundance to irrigate, if during the seedling lack of water, select spray water to seedling the noon of fine day seedling stage, to Nutrition Soil see dry see wetly stop water spray, and to guarantee that seedling fully sees light controlling well in temperature seedling stage, to guarantee the seedling normal growth.The pumpkin seedling easily causes damping off in seedling stage, damping off and anthracnose because temp. and humidity is improper in seedling stage, for preventing and treating disease, can spray mass concentration is 500 times of diseases preventions such as liquid of fenaminosulf (purchased from Sigma company) of 1000 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder (purchased from Shanxi Biaozheng Crop Science Co., Ltd) or 70%.Pumpkin often has aphid etc. seedling stage, should prevent and treat in time.
Seven, field planting, choosing does not have the solar time (being morning, dusk or the cloudy day of fine day) to carrying out field planting strong sprout, and the Seedling bag with strong sprout is transplanted to land for growing field crops.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind promotes that western pumpkin is precocious, the seedling-cultivating method of high yield, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
One, build seedbed---the selection physical features is high and dry, the plot of convenient transportation is built seedling raising greenhouse and done seedbed, by the seedbed Land leveling, make the furrow of growing seedlings in north-south, lay heating wire on the seedbed of seedling raising greenhouse, and on heating wire the even Nutrition Soil of spreading 5～8cm, smooth treading;
Two, dress alms bowl---by the Nutrition Soil Seedling bag of packing into, and the Seedling bag that will install Nutrition Soil is put into the furrow of growing seedlings of seedling raising greenhouse;
Three, seed soaking---after the western pumpkin seed is soaked seed 15～20 minutes in 55 ℃ of warm water, pull the western pumpkin seed out nature cooling, and under normal temperature condition Seed soaking 3～4 hours, the western pumpkin seed that clear water was soaked is pulled out and is cleaned up;
Microcephaly's end of four, vernalization---the western pumpkin seed that will clean is cut off an osculum with scissors, and with gauze, seed is wrapped, and under 28 ± 2 ℃ of temperature condition, carries out vernalization;
Five, sowing---after the western pumpkin seed sprouts, select the noon of fine day in spring, prick an aperture in the middle of Seedling bag, the seed bud sprouted is put into to aperture down, and cover Nutrition Soil in hole, carefully spray a small amount of water, make ground moistening;
Six, after seedling management---cotyledon is unearthed, by to heating wire energising heating and take off, cover seedling raising greenhouse and little shed keep in seedling raising greenhouse growing seedlings soil temperature daytime of furrow is 20～28 ℃, 15～20 ℃ of nights, within 1 week before field planting, the western pumpkin seedling is sprayed to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate that mass concentration is 0.3%, and carry out the low temperature hardening;
Seven, field planting---choosing does not have the solar time to carrying out field planting strong sprout, and the Seedling bag with strong sprout is transplanted to land for growing field crops.
2. the seedling-cultivating method of precocious, the high yield of promotion western pumpkin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in described step 1 and two, described Nutrition Soil be after being sieved in the ratio of 7:3 by vegetable garden soil and decomposed dung, mix formulated.
3. the seedling-cultivating method of precocious, the high yield of promotion western pumpkin according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, every 1000kg Nutrition Soil adds superphosphate 3kg, ash 10kg, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 5kg and 20g powder of carbendazim, obtain the pumpkin soil of growing seedlings after mixing, the pumpkin soil of growing seedlings is packed in Seedling bag, the material of described Seedling bag is degradable nonwoven.
4. the seedling-cultivating method of promotion western pumpkin precocity according to claim 1, high yield, is characterized in that: in described step 3, before seed soaking, the western pumpkin seed is basked seeds 1～2 day, to break seed dormancy.
5. the seedling-cultivating method of precocious, the high yield of promotion western pumpkin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 4, the clear water drip washing western pumpkin seed that during vernalization, be 30 ℃ by temperature every day once.
6. the seedling-cultivating method of precocious, the high yield of promotion western pumpkin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, sow first 1～2 day, the Seedling bag that installs Nutrition Soil is watered to sufficient water, then adopt the heating wire energising to heat the furrow of growing seedlings, and add a cover the little shed of seedling raising greenhouse, the furrow temperature that makes to grow seedlings reaches more than 30 ℃, during sowing, open little shed and ventilate.
7. the seedling-cultivating method of precocious, the high yield of promotion western pumpkin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also have following steps between described step 5 and six: before western pumpkin after planting is unearthed to cotyledon, the soil temperature of the furrow that keep growing seedlings is 25～35 ℃.
8. the seedling-cultivating method of precocious, the high yield of promotion western pumpkin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 6, the soil temperature that maintains the furrow of growing seedlings during the low temperature hardening is 15～22 ℃ of daytimes, and night, soil temperature was not less than 15 ℃.
9. the seedling-cultivating method of precocious, the high yield of promotion western pumpkin according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: in described step 6, during seedling lack of water in seedling stage, select spray water to seedling the noon of fine day, see the dry wet water spray that stops of seeing to Nutrition Soil, and the western pumpkin seedling is sprayed to tpn that mass concentration is 75% or 70% fenaminosulf, in case the evil of curing the disease.
10. the seedling-cultivating method of precocious, the high yield of promotion western pumpkin according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 6, after cotyledon is unearthed, grow to leaf spray nutritious liquor wholeheartedly the time the seedling of western pumpkin seed, the formula of nutrient solution is to add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2～2.5g in every kg water, borax 0.025～0.05g, zinc sulphate 0.1～0.15g, magnesium sulfate 0.15～0.2g, vinegar 1.75～2g and paclobutrazol 0.25g.
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| CN104206149A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of cultivating strong seedlings of Cucurbita maxima |
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| CN105875132A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-08-24 | 湖北宏全农牧有限公司 | Production method of organic selenium-rich SOD pumpkin |
| CN113767819A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-10 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for improving doubling efficiency of corn haploid |
| CN114568298A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-03 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Breeding and cultivation method of high-quality disease-resistant common head cabbage |
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| CN113767819A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-10 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for improving doubling efficiency of corn haploid |
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