CN107980453B - Method for intercropping red-root beets on oil trees on gentle slope forest land - Google Patents
Method for intercropping red-root beets on oil trees on gentle slope forest land Download PDFInfo
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- CN107980453B CN107980453B CN201711272557.0A CN201711272557A CN107980453B CN 107980453 B CN107980453 B CN 107980453B CN 201711272557 A CN201711272557 A CN 201711272557A CN 107980453 B CN107980453 B CN 107980453B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for intercropping red-root beets on a gentle slope forest land by using oil trees, which comprises the following steps: selecting and preparing land, repairing a ditch, planting tung tree seedlings in a fixed way in the first year, spraying Bordeaux mixture on new shoots, thinning flowers and applying nitrogen fertilizer after blooming, applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in a fruit period, carrying out summer diving shoveling and winter deep digging every year, planting two red-root beets in the first year in woodland of the tung tree, sowing seeds in the first year in a hole, planting seeds in the second year in a fixed way, carrying out fertilization and irrigation cultivation, and prolonging the planting time of the red-root beets. The provided technical scheme can improve the yield of a single tung tree and realize the continuous cultivation of the red-root beet by optimizing improved varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for intercropping red-root beets on a gentle slope forest land by using oil trees and tung trees.
Background
The tung tree, also known as tung tree, tung tree and poppy tree, is a special industrial oil tree species in China and has a long cultivation history. However, in recent years, the domestic tung oil production has large landslides, the supply of tung oil is insufficient, and the planting economic benefit is increased year by year. However, the existing tung tree planting still has the problems of high input cost of single planting, harsh planting environment selection, difficult high yield, easy pest and disease damage and the like
The red-root beet is a variety of beet species of the genus beta of the family Chenopodiaceae, uses the fleshy roots as vegetables for eating, can be eaten uncooked and cooked, is rich in sugar and various mineral substances, and has high nutritive value. In medical practice, the cathartic function can eliminate excessive water in the abdomen and relieve abdominal distension. Because of containing iron, copper, manganese and other elements, the vegetable can also treat diseases such as anemia and wind, and has high economic benefit, strong capacity of creating foreign currency and great development prospect. The domestic areas for planting the red-root beet are concentrated in northern mountainous areas of North China plain, and the planting area range is small.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for intercropping red-rooted beets on tung trees on gentle slope forest land, which can improve the yield of the single tung trees by creating environment suitable for the growth of the tung trees and optimizing seedlings. The method has the advantages that the tung tree and the red-root beet are intercropped, soil and water fertilizer can be effectively utilized, the red-root beet is planted in two seasons in one year, hole sowing is adopted for the first crop, field planting and seed reserving are adopted for the second crop, the planting time of the red-root beet is prolonged, and continuous cultivation of the red-root beet is realized by optimizing improved seeds.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for intercropping red-rooted beet between tung trees on a gentle slope forest land comprises the following steps:
A. building tung tree forest land
a1, preparing soil and repairing a ditch, and selecting a forest land which has good drainage, fertile and loose soil layer, is rich in humus and has pH value of 6.0-6.5 and slightly acidic light sandy loam on an sunny slope or a semi-sunny slope with the altitude of 400-600 meters and the slope of 5-10 degrees; building a plurality of water channels according to the contour lines of the slope length along the sloping field, wherein a plurality of water outlets are arranged on the outer edge of each water channel, and a water inlet is arranged at the middle position of two adjacent water outlets on the inner edge of each water channel; the distance between adjacent water channels along the slope length direction is 5-6 m, and the positions of water outlets are arranged in a crossed manner; the water channel at the highest position is communicated with an irrigation water source; one end of the water channel positioned at the middle position is communicated with the water channel positioned at the adjacent high position, and the other end of the water channel is communicated with the water channel positioned at the adjacent low position; a water suction pump is arranged between the water channel at the lowest position and the water channel at the highest position, and the water suction direction is from the water channel at the lowest position to the water channel at the highest position;
a2, planting tung trees, excavating a planting hole with the depth of 50-60 cm in the first year of spring festival, applying 10-15 kg of miscellaneous fertilizers in the hole, arranging annular water and fertilizer ditches along the periphery of the planting hole, and applying 30-40 kg of organic fertilizers in the water and fertilizer ditches; the area surrounded by the water and fertilizer ditch is a planting area, and the periphery of the water and fertilizer ditch is a planting field; spreading a mixture of plant ash and lime in a planting area; planting 1-year-old tung tree seedlings in the planting holes in rainy days with rainwater saving, and covering soil and backfilling; connecting an irrigation water source until the water channel at the lowest position is full of water;
B. the red-root beet intercropping specifically comprises the following steps:
b1, sowing the first crop
After the frightening in the first year, spreading decomposed farmyard manure on a planting field, and deeply turning over a soil layer for 20-25 cm; leveling the land after 20 days, irrigating and moisturizing, performing hole sowing with the sowing depth of 2-3 cm, the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 45 cm, soaking seeds for about 2 hours with clear water before sowing, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and covering soil for 1.5-2 cm after sowing; only one seedling with the best growth is left for cultivation after seedling emergence, and rooting water is poured; continuously irrigating and moisturizing; harvesting red-root beets in 5-6 months;
b2, permanent planting in two crops
After the first-crop red-root beets are harvested, deeply turning over a soil layer by 20-25 cm, spreading thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, making the planting land into flat furrows with the furrow width of 1-1.2 m in ten days of 7 months, transplanting red-root beet seedlings on the surfaces of the furrows, planting 2 rows in each furrow, planting according to the row spacing of 15-20 cm and the row spacing of 45 cm, and immediately watering root fixing water; after 20 days, continuously irrigating and moisturizing; harvesting, wherein the red-root beets are harvested in 9-10 months; reserving seeds, reserving part of the red-root beets until the red-root beets blossom and bear fruits, and picking the seeds;
C. forest area management
c1, spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture to young shoots of the tung tree seedlings every year in the tung tree planting area, and spraying once after 25-30 days; thinning flowers after the tung tree blooms, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer; in 6-8 months, shallow shoveling 5-8 cm of soil layer is carried out, deep turning 20-25 cm of soil layer is carried out on the planting area after heavy snow is saved, and thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is spread; regularly weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, collecting fallen leaves, and burning into plant ash in a centralized manner;
beginning in the second year, excavating a water and fertilizer ditch around the tung tree in the beginning of spring every year, and applying 0.5-1.0 kg of compound fertilizer; after the soil layer is shoveled in a shallow manner in 6-8 months, excavating a water and fertilizer ditch, and applying 0.5-0.8 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;
c2, planting red-rooted beet, sowing in the first crop, and spraying 0.1-0.2% of borax solution on the leaf surface when 2-3 new leaves grow out of the tung tree;
c3, in the third day after each fertilization, the suction water pump is started.
Preferably, the inner edge of the water channel is at least 10 cm higher than the ground, and is provided with a water drainage opening, the water drainage opening is in a normally closed state, and is opened in rainy season; a spray head is arranged at the water outlet, is in a normally closed state and is opened during irrigation; the lower part of the water inlet is flush with the ground and is provided with a filter screen.
Preferably, the distance between the water and fertilizer ditch excavated for the first time in the first year and the center of the planting hole is 100 cm, the distance of excavation for the next time is increased by 10 cm, and the distance is fixed after the fourth year.
Preferably, the tung tree seedlings are grafted seedlings taking the aleurites montana as a rootstock and the aleurites montana as a scion.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the mixture of the plant ash and the lime is as follows: 2-3 parts of plant ash and 2 parts of lime.
Preferably, only two crops are sown from the fourth year, and leguminous green manure is sown in the first crop.
According to the method provided by the scheme, the aleurites montana is used as the stock, and the aleurites montana is used as the grafted seedling of the scion, so that the plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively reduced, and the growth of the aleurites fordii can be accelerated. The water in the ditch in the forest land is activated regularly to provide a growing environment suitable for the growth of the tung tree beside the ditch, thereby improving the yield of the single tung tree. The red-root beet needs soil to keep moisture in the growing period, and is harvested in the second crop at a proper later time, so that the quality and the yield of the red-root beet are ensured.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
In the embodiment 1, the forest land is located in Guangxi countryside, the elevation is 525 meters, the slope is a sunny slope with the slope of 5-6 degrees, the light sandy loam has the pH value of 6.2-6.5, the slope is 32 meters long, and the land area is 705 square meters.
Before beginning spring in the first year, constructing 7 channels along contour lines of sloping fields, arranging 6-11 water outlets on the outer edges of the channels, installing spray heads, arranging a water inlet at the middle position of two adjacent water outlets on the inner edges of the channels, and installing a filter screen at the water inlet; the distance between adjacent water channels along the slope length direction is 5-5.6 m, and the positions of water outlets are arranged in a crossed manner; the water channel at the highest position is communicated with an irrigation water source; one end of the water channel positioned at the middle position is communicated with the water channel positioned at the adjacent high position, and the other end of the water channel is communicated with the water channel positioned at the adjacent low position; a water suction pump is arranged between the water channel at the lowest position and the water channel at the highest position, and the water suction direction is from the water channel at the lowest position to the water channel at the highest position;
digging a planting hole with the depth of 55 cm in the first year in the spring festival, applying 13 kg of miscellaneous fertilizer in the hole, arranging an annular water and fertilizer ditch along the periphery of the planting hole, and applying 30 kg of organic fertilizer in the water and fertilizer ditch; the area surrounded by the water and fertilizer ditch is a planting area, and the periphery of the water and fertilizer ditch is a planting field; spreading a mixture of plant ash and lime in a planting area; planting 1-year-old tung tree grafted seedlings in planting holes in rainy days with rainwater saving, covering soil and backfilling; connecting an irrigation water source until the water channel at the lowest position is full of water; and co-planting 25 tung tree seedlings.
After the frightening in the first year, spreading decomposed farmyard manure on a planting field, and deeply turning over a soil layer for 20-25 cm; leveling the land after 20 days, irrigating and moisturizing, performing hole sowing with the sowing depth of 2-3 cm, the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 45 cm, soaking seeds for about 2 hours with clear water before sowing, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and covering soil for 1.5-2 cm after sowing; only one seedling with the best growth is left for cultivation after seedling emergence, and rooting water is poured; when 2-3 new leaves grow out of the tung tree, spraying 0.1-0.2% of borax solution on the leaves; continuously irrigating and moisturizing; harvesting red-root beets in 5-6 months;
after the first-crop red-root beets are harvested, deeply turning over a soil layer by 20-25 cm, spreading thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, making the planting land into flat furrows with the furrow width of 1-1.2 m in ten days of 7 months, transplanting red-root beet seedlings on the surfaces of the furrows, planting 2 rows in each furrow, planting according to the row spacing of 15-20 cm and the row spacing of 45 cm, and immediately watering root fixing water; after 20 days, continuously irrigating and moisturizing; harvesting, wherein the red-root beets are harvested in 9-10 months; reserving seeds, reserving part of the red-root beets until the red-root beets blossom and bear fruits, and picking the seeds;
spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture after young tips of new tung tree seedlings grow every year, and spraying once again after 25-30 days; thinning flowers after the tung tree blooms, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer; in 6-8 months, shallow shoveling 5-8 cm of soil layer is carried out, deep turning 20-25 cm of soil layer is carried out on the planting area after heavy snow is saved, and thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is spread; regularly weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, collecting fallen leaves, and burning into plant ash in a centralized manner;
beginning in the second year, excavating a water and fertilizer ditch around the tung tree in the beginning of spring every year, and applying 0.5-1.0 kg of compound fertilizer; after the soil layer is shoveled in a shallow manner in 6-8 months, excavating a water and fertilizer ditch, and applying 0.5-0.8 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;
and in the third day after fertilization every time, the suction water pump is started.
The weight ratio of the mixture of the plant ash and the lime is as follows: 2-3 parts of plant ash and 2 parts of lime.
From the fourth year, only two crops are sown, and leguminous green manure is sown in the first crop.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The invention is therefore not to be limited to the specific details described herein, without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for intercropping red-rooted beet between tung trees on a gentle slope forest land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. building tung tree forest land
a1, preparing soil and repairing a ditch, and selecting a forest land which has good drainage, fertile and loose soil layer, is rich in humus and has pH value of 6.0-6.5 and slightly acidic light sandy loam on an sunny slope or a semi-sunny slope with the altitude of 400-600 meters and the slope of 5-10 degrees; building a plurality of water channels according to the contour lines of the slope length along the sloping field, wherein a plurality of water outlets are arranged on the outer edge of each water channel, and a water inlet is arranged at the middle position of two adjacent water outlets on the inner edge of each water channel; the distance between adjacent water channels along the slope length direction is 5-6 m, and the positions of water outlets are arranged in a crossed manner; the water channel at the highest position is communicated with an irrigation water source; one end of the water channel positioned at the middle position is communicated with the water channel positioned at the adjacent high position, and the other end of the water channel is communicated with the water channel positioned at the adjacent low position; a water suction pump is arranged between the water channel at the lowest position and the water channel at the highest position, and the water suction direction is from the water channel at the lowest position to the water channel at the highest position;
a2, planting tung trees, excavating a planting hole with the depth of 50-60 cm in the first year of spring festival, applying 10-15 kg of miscellaneous fertilizers in the hole, arranging annular water and fertilizer ditches along the periphery of the planting hole, and applying 30-40 kg of organic fertilizers in the water and fertilizer ditches; the area surrounded by the water and fertilizer ditch is a planting area, and the periphery of the water and fertilizer ditch is a planting field; spreading a mixture of plant ash and lime in a planting area; planting 1-year-old tung tree seedlings in the planting holes in rainy days with rainwater saving, and covering soil and backfilling; connecting an irrigation water source until the water channel at the lowest position is full of water;
B. the red-root beet intercropping specifically comprises the following steps:
b1, sowing the first crop
After the frightening in the first year, spreading decomposed farmyard manure on a planting field, and deeply turning over a soil layer for 20-25 cm; leveling the land after 20 days, irrigating and moisturizing, performing hole sowing with the sowing depth of 2-3 cm, the plant spacing of 15 cm and the row spacing of 45 cm, soaking seeds for 2 hours with clear water before sowing, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and covering soil for 1.5-2 cm after sowing; only one seedling with the best growth is left for cultivation after seedling emergence, and rooting water is poured; continuously irrigating and moisturizing; harvesting red-root beets in 5-6 months;
b2, permanent planting in two crops
After the first-crop red-root beets are harvested, deeply turning over a soil layer by 20-25 cm, spreading thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure, making the planting land into flat furrows with the furrow width of 1-1.2 m in ten days of 7 months, transplanting red-root beet seedlings on the surfaces of the furrows, planting 2 rows in each furrow, planting according to the row spacing of 15-20 cm and the row spacing of 45 cm, and immediately watering root fixing water; after 20 days, continuously irrigating and moisturizing; harvesting, wherein the red-root beets are harvested in 9-10 months; reserving seeds, reserving part of the red-root beets until the red-root beets blossom and bear fruits, and picking the seeds;
C. forest area management
c1, spraying 1% Bordeaux mixture to young shoots of the tung tree seedlings every year in the tung tree planting area, and spraying once after 25-30 days; thinning flowers after the tung tree blooms, and applying a nitrogen fertilizer; in 6-8 months, shallow shoveling 5-8 cm of soil layer is carried out, deep turning 20-25 cm of soil layer is carried out on the planting area after heavy snow is saved, and thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure is spread; regularly weeding, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, collecting fallen leaves, and burning into plant ash in a centralized manner;
beginning in the second year, excavating a water and fertilizer ditch around the tung tree in the beginning of spring every year, and applying 0.5-1.0 kg of compound fertilizer; after the soil layer is shoveled in a shallow manner in 6-8 months, excavating a water and fertilizer ditch, and applying 0.5-0.8 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer;
c2, planting red-rooted beet, sowing in the first crop, and spraying 0.1-0.2% of borax solution on the leaf surface when 2-3 new leaves grow out of the tung tree;
c3, in the third day after each fertilization, the suction water pump is started.
2. The method for intercropping red beet between tung trees on gentle slope forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner edge of said canal is at least 10 cm higher than the ground and is provided with a drainage port, said drainage port is normally closed and is opened in rainy season; a spray head is arranged at the water outlet, is in a normally closed state and is opened during irrigation; the lower part of the water inlet is flush with the ground and is provided with a filter screen.
3. The method for intercropping red beet between tung trees on the gentle slope forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance from the center of the planting hole to the first excavated water and fertilizer trench in the first year is 100 cm, the distance from the next excavation is increased by 10 cm, and the distance is fixed after the fourth year.
4. The method for intercropping red beet between tung trees on the gentle slope forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tung tree seedlings are grafted seedlings with the aleurites montana as the rootstock and the elaeagnus triphylla as the scion.
5. The method for intercropping red beet between tung trees on the gentle slope forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the mixture of plant ash and lime is: 2-3 parts of plant ash and 2 parts of lime.
6. The method for intercropping red beet between tung trees on the gentle slope forest land as claimed in claim 1, wherein only two crops are sown from the fourth year, and leguminous green manure is sown at the first crop.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102301905A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2012-01-04 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN102860244A (en) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 旌德县庙首林场 | Mountainous region sunny slope afforestation method for taxus mairei |
| CN104920148A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-23 | 傅美娜 | Mulberry garden intercropping soybean comprehensive planting pattern |
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- 2017-12-06 CN CN201711272557.0A patent/CN107980453B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102301905A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2012-01-04 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN102860244A (en) * | 2012-09-30 | 2013-01-09 | 旌德县庙首林场 | Mountainous region sunny slope afforestation method for taxus mairei |
| CN104920148A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-09-23 | 傅美娜 | Mulberry garden intercropping soybean comprehensive planting pattern |
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