CN106211846A - The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in the plantation of Suaeda salsa Herba Medicaginis Semen Maydis echelon - Google Patents
The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in the plantation of Suaeda salsa Herba Medicaginis Semen Maydis echelon Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in the plantation of a kind of Suaeda salsa Herba Medicaginis Semen Maydis echelon.Including: build 2 grades of drainings in Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal district and drench salt system；Build and drench salt Soil building arable layer；Build rainwater utilizes the echelon combined to advance biological modification pattern with freshwater resources；The present invention plants according to the suitable raw principle of plant soil, echelon: pioneer halophytes Suaeda salsa → salt tolerant is improved the soil plant Herba Medicaginis → field crop Semen Maydis, makes marine solonchak echelon be downgraded to: marine solonchak → severe saline soil → moderate saline soil is ploughed.The present invention solves physics, chemical administers the problem that salt-soda soil cost is high, the biological control measure time is longer, achieve the combination of ecological recovery and agricultural production, reach ecological benefits and economic benefit doulbe-sides' victory, provide technical support for coastal tidal farmland utilization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to improvement and the utilization in Coastal beach salt-soda soil, specifically a kind of Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon
The method of Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in plantation.
Background technology
Coastal tidal saline-alkali wasteland soil salt is heavy, of poor quality, and usual flood drenches salt water consumption resource seriously, improves cost
Height, becomes current shore reclamation and utilizes urgent need to solve the technical problem that.So far, the measure that countries in the world solve mainly has work
Journey measure, chemical, biological control measure, though engineering measure and chemical instant effect, cost is high, and the side effect of generation is also
Greatly.Such as utilizing washing salinity by irrigation, not only water consumption is big (being 1.6 times of biological modification mode), also can wash off greatly with drenching salt process
The mineral element that amount plant growing needs；Soil moved in improve the original method can damage the environment of soil moved in improve the original；Chemical modifying can cause the secondary pollution of soil.
From many-sided comprehensive analysis such as improved effect, Economic Benefit of Agricultural Production, biological modification measure is approach most economical, effective.
Some halophytess have the effect of salt ion in soil that absorbs, thus reduce the salinity in soil, have increase soil simultaneously
Nutrient content in earth, improve the effect of soil compaction situation；The plant covering effect to ground, decreases evaporation from land, resistance
Hinder upper soll layer salt accumulation, thus the purpose of the salt reduction that reaches to improve the soil.The biological control measure of plantation salt-tolerant plant is improved along seabeach
It is coated with salt-soda soil, not only improves the protection to ecology ring change border, coastal area, be conducive to again improving coastal area agricultural production efficiency,
Improve coastal area the exploitation of agricultural land.
Taking the research of biological control measure modified utilization salt-soda soil technical elements, Chinese scholars is done a lot of work.Ren Wei
Etc. have studied Fructus Lycii, alkali thatch, high Vulpes thatch+Herba Medicaginis, Salt-tolerant Wheat+alfalfa cultivation desalting effect of improving the soil of 2 years, elaborate at soil
Yield when salt content is higher than 1.5%, after the yield in soil is higher than washing salinity by irrigation after utilizing biological mode improvement；Biological modification
Salt-soda soil is the improvement salt-soda soil pattern (agricultural research in the arid areas, 2004,22(4) that ecological, economic and social benefit is held concurrently excellent).
Wang Yuzhen etc. have studied the research to alkaline land soil improvement situation of 6 kinds of halophytess, shows that topsoil is changed by Suaeda heteroptera
Good effect is preferably (Agriculture of Anhui science, 2006,34 (5))；The research such as Luo Ming shows, plantation Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb., alkali thatch, Herba Medicaginis etc.
Improvement Xinjiang soda sulfate meadow solonchak can reduce soil salt content, increases soil nutrient, improves ecological environment of soil, promotees
Enter the activity of soil microorganism；Zhang Youfu etc. have studied alfalfa and fodder maize and imitate the suppression of irrigation areas soil salt
Should, in 1m soil layer, alfalfa processes soil average soluble organic fraction content, and than comparison reduction by 30.1 %, (agriculture of gansu is big
Journal, 2004,2)；Wang Miao etc. have studied different halophytes to beach salty soil improved effect, shows Value of Spartina Anglica, Tian Shou
Promote in chloride salt-soda soil, beach area, Jiangsu, parvifolrine Rhizoma Imperatae chinampoensis grass mainly in sulphuric acid salt-soda soil, the Inner Mongol and
Being promoted, Agropyron elongatum is mainly promoted in the area such as Shandong Seashore chloride salt-soda soil and Xinjiang, lake 3 provinces of Northeast China sodic soils
Nan Yingzi mainly ploughs plantation in Ningxia salinization of soil, HUANGBAI(sic) spends 2 years SHENGCAO wooden slippers in Qinghai, Gansu, the light moderate of various places, Xinjiang
Sulfate alkaline earth area is promoted, and Miscanthus saves northeastward and promotes on alkali-affected soil；Phragmites communis is in northwest each province sulfate alkaline earth or alkalization
Soil development improvement is upper utilizes (Agriculture of Anhui science, 2008,36(7)).Yao Rongjiang etc. have studied in coastal tidal, severe salt
Control salt cultural method (201010545832.3) of alkali ground long-term cropping, Liu Hongqing have studied the biological synthesis improvement of salt-alkali shoaly land
Method 200910210319.6, Xu Hualing have studied " China Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis is at coastal tidal method of forestation " 201010109965.6, poplar
Sturdy pines have studied " Coastal beach Salicornia Bigelovii Torr. high-yield planting and the method for culture fertility " 201210140560.8.
Making a general survey of biological modification Status of Research, certain improving effect can be played in salt-soda soil by halophytes, but due to
Biological modification takes effect slowly, and the time is long, makes the marine solonchak soil quality of total soil phosphorus 2.0-2.5% carry the most in a short time
The up to level of farmland production, and abridged edition water saving, it has also become " coastal tidal change silo " strategic objective is implemented to face smoothly
Realistic problem.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal district soil quality is poor, salinization and alkalization height, shortage of fresh water, physics,
Chemical administers the realistic problem that salt-soda soil cost is high, the single creature measure time is longer, to promote Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal
Soil fertility and to realize crop production be target, it is provided that beach, Muddy Bottoms strand is administered in a kind of Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation
The method being coated with.
The present invention solves its technical problem and the technical scheme is that
The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in a kind of Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation, comprises the steps:
(1) building 2 grades of drainings in Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal district and drench salt system, step is:
A. according to landform, longitudinal excavation trapezoidal 1 grade of draining pouring salt ditch in soil remediation district, wide 3m suitable for reading, end opening width 1m, deep 2m,
Reduce and administer district's level of ground water；The trend of trapezoidal 1 grade of draining pouring salt ditch is so that draining is principle, and salt ditch is drenched in trapezoidal 1 grade of draining
Water inlet is arranged on raised fields eminence, the discharge outlet that salt ditch is drenched in trapezoidal 1 grade of draining be positioned at raised fields low-lying place and with close on irrigation canals and ditches, pond
The pool communicates；
B. being spaced 25m, laterally salt ditch is drenched in trapezoidal 2 grades of drainings of excavation wide 1.5m, deep 1.2m, builds the little raised fields of bar shaped；
(2) building pouring salt-Soil building arable layer, step is:
First plough deeply soil 40-50cm with excavator, formed and drench salt deposit；Then material improved materials cattle manure, corn straw each 5 are applied
m3/ 667m2, ardealite 1000kg/667m2, turn over 20cm, mixes uniformly, then rotary tillage 2 times, forms Soil building arable layer；
(3) build rainwater utilizes the echelon combined to advance biological modification pattern with freshwater resources, and step is:
A. rain supports type halophytes Suaeda salsa Vegetative restoration pattern: first builds field and stores rain pattern, encloses low bank between fields and sit the ridge, at platform
High 30cm, the low bank between fields or in shallow water of wide 50cm are built in the edge in field；Taking furrow pattern, ditch depth 15cm, ditch spacing 50cm in field, longitudinal ditch is every
The horizontal low bank between fields of same size is built every 30m；Suaeda salsa plantation is selected in moisture and salt regime sluggish July period, takes the side of broadcasting sowing
Formula, application rate (5～6) g/m2；Gather in autumn and remove field；
The most water-saving Suaeda salsa-Herba Medicaginis echelon cropping pattern: the Suaeda salsa of growth naturally is gathered in and removes by July next year
Field；Apply NPK (30～40) kg/667m2It is base manure, rotary tillage 20cm；Smooth field, makees the kind planting-line without low bank between fields
Face, furrow width 1.2m, furrow furrow width 30cm, deep 15～20cm, for the bright ditch of salt discharge between furrow, it is through that salt ditch is drenched in the exit or entrance of a clitch and draining；Sowing
Herba Medicaginis, seed level 1.5～2.0 cm, application rate (0.5～1.0) kg/667m2, broadcast rear stalks mulching 1cm；Drip irrigation system is installed after broadcasting
System, carries out drip irrigation regulation and control soil salt according to soil plough horizon salinity and Herba Medicaginis salt-tolerant threshold；
C. alfalfa-corn echelon advances cropping pattern: after next year gathers in Herba Medicaginis by the end of June, apply cattle manure 3m in field3/
667m2, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40～50) kg/667m2；Deep rotary tillage topsoil 20 cm, chesson, salinity is relatively low
Rotary tillage soil layer and fertilizer, base manure stirring and evenly mixing；Taking drip irrigation+ridge culture pattern sowing, wide 40cm between ridge, ridge height 15cm, between ridge
Away from 80cm, sow adaptable corn variety Zheng Dan 958, Jing Nong section 728；Drip irrigation system is installed, with Semen Maydis salt tolerant threshold after broadcasting
Value is soil control salt standard, and topsoil soils salinity i.e. stops irrigating after not higher than irrigating control salt desired value；Conventional according to Semen Maydis
Mode carries out field management.
Or, in alfalfa-corn echelon advances cropping pattern, after 2-3 Herba Medicaginis of next year harvesting, the plantation winter is little by the end of September
Wheat；Same Semen Maydis is managed, about depth of planting 3cm before broadcasting；Fruit variety salt tolerant, adaptable little weir 60, good star 99 ", after broadcasting
Drip irrigation takes a small amount of unsaturation irrigation method repeatedly.
Using the present invention of technique scheme, compared with prior art, it provides the benefit that:
(1) water saving salt reduction: Suaeda salsa and Herba Medicaginis sowing be selected in rainwater resource fully, moisture and salt regime July infrequently, can fill
Divide and utilize rainwater resource salt reduction moisture creating, saved flood and drenched water resource needed for salt；Meanwhile, Suaeda salsa, Herba Medicaginis can form ground
Cover, reduce the accumulation at topsoil of phreatic water and substratum salinity, reach the purpose of water saving salt reduction.
(2) abridged edition is improved the soil: only improveing 20cm soil layer, material amounts is the 15% of existing marine solonchak Treatment process,
Achieve abridged edition to improve the soil；Crop production combines ridge culture, has built the most fertile, loose, deep light soil environment for plant growth,
Promote to improve plant (crop) emergence rate.
(3) biological salt reduction combines with salt reduction of improving the soil, rainwater salt reduction, fresh water salt reduction, makes soil salt echelon degradation, soil
Quality echelon promotes, and abridged edition puies forward effect: the first coastal tidal to barren land is improved the soil salt reduction, rainwater salt reduction, makes soil salt
Degree is down to less than 1.5%, builds pioneer's halophytes Suaeda salsa vegetation growth environment, facilitates the soil environment of biological salt reduction；Profit
Inhaling salt characteristic with Suaeda salsa height, when soil salt is reduced to below 1.0%, plant relatively Salt-tolerant Forage Grasses Herba Medicaginis, rainwater salt reduction is tied
Close water saving control salt and ensure full stand strong sprout；Utilize its well developed root system, Biomass big, the characteristic that improving soil is good, treat that soil salt drops
During to less than 0.7%, in conjunction with full stand yield-increasing technology, plant high-yield crop Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi, reach the overall goal of high yield.
(4) ecological recovery combines with agricultural production, has reached ecological benefits and economic benefit doulbe-sides' victory.The present invention takes salt
The comprehensive improvement on ground, alkaline wasteland combines with efficiently utilizing, and makes full use of rainwater resource and recovers vegetation, utilizes the suction salt characteristic of plant
Strengthen salt reduction, utilize low cost improvement material combinations to improve the soil salt reduction, physical measure, chemical, the combination of biological control measure,
Achieve low cost, quickly utilize coastal tidal agricultural production, lifting and the face, arable land to China's beach saline land ecological environment
Long-pending increase has important practical significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail, but embodiment does not constitute any restriction to the present invention.
The enforcement ground of the present embodiment is positioned at through 119 ° 01.154 ', the Tangshan, Hebei Province Cao Feidian that north latitude is 37 ° 43.306 '
The Muddy Bottoms Coastal saline land region in district.
Landforms original to Project Areas have carried out soil sample collection and soil quality analysis, the viscous weight of soil property, Soil structure extreme difference,
Unit weight is (1.33-2.27) g/cm3,>the big structural content of 0.25mm is 7.5%,<0.25 mm microstructure content is 92.5%
(being shown in Table 1)；0～20 cm topsoil soils total salt contents 2.3～5.2%, for severe marine solonchak (see Table 2)；Soil nutrient deficiency,
Vegetation based on Suaeda salsa, coverage rate less than 2%；Subsoil water buried depth 2.6～3.5 m, the degree of mineralization of ground water (11.1～30.1)
g/l.Soil salt is high, soil quality difference be coastal sludge matter marine solonchak soil fertility promote and crop production major obstacle because of
Son.
Table 1 Project Areas soil aggregation body burden
Table 2 Project Areas soil physical and chemical property index
Suaeda salsa-Herba Medicaginis-Semen Tritici aestivi echelon plantation promotes Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal soil fertility and the method carrying out crop production, mainly
Implement link as follows:
(1) build 2 grades of drainings and drench salt system.
Start in April, 2014 Project Areas is carried out consolidation, according to landform, the East and West direction south longitudinally excavation deep 2m, width
3m total salt discharge ditch；Laterally excavate wide 1.5m, deep 1.2m salt discharge ditch every 25m, build up 2 grades of drainings and drench salt trench system.
(2) Soil building, builds and drenches salt-arable layer.
Described structure " drenches salt-arable layer ", and step is: ploughs deeply soil 40-50cm with excavator, is formed and drench salt deposit；Uniformly
Spread fertilizer over the fields decomposed cow dung, each 5 m of crushing maize stalk3/667 m2, ardealite 1000kg/667 m2, deep plough twice with tractor, then
Rotary tillage twice, forms Soil building arable layer.
(3) Suaeda salsa revegetation.
Field stores rain engineering system: encloses low bank between fields and sits the ridge, builds high 30cm, the low bank between fields or in shallow water of wide 50cm at the edge of raised fields.Adopt in field
Take furrow pattern, ditch depth 15cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch spacing 50cm.The horizontal low bank between fields of same size built by longitudinal ditch every about 30m,
To retain rainfall to greatest extent, accomplish do not produce runoff or produce runoff less, improve rainwater utilization and strengthen pouring salt effect.
Suaeda salsa is planted: in mid-July, 2014, uses the easy means sowing Suaeda salsa of artificial broadcast, application rate
(5～6) g/m2.Utilize rainwater resource to recover Suaeda salsa vegetation, gather in autumn and remove field.
(4) Suaeda salsa-Herba Medicaginis echelon propelling cropping pattern:
Front stubble processes: is gathered in and removes field by the Suaeda salsa of growth naturally at the beginning of 2015 7 months；
Pre-sowing treatment: apply NPK (30～40) kg/667m2It is base manure, rotary tillage 20cm；
Do high furrow: make the kind planting-line face without low bank between fields, furrow width 1.2m, furrow furrow width 30cm, deep 15～20cm, be the bright ditch of salt discharge between furrow,
The exit or entrance of a clitch is through with salt discharge ditch；
Sowing: high furrow trench sowing, deep-cuts the shallow earthing of ditch.Dig the seed furrow of 3 10cm on furrow face, select " three get profit, Xinjiang big Leaf lucerne
Mu " etc. the alfalfa variety fast, salt tolerance is strong of emerging, sowing in ditch, shallow earthing 1.5～2.0 cm after broadcasting.Application rate (0.5～
1.0) kg/667m2；
Salt-water regulation: irrigation before seeding salt reduction, broadcasts rear earthing, reduces duricrust situation；There is condition of drip irrigation, broadcast rear unsaturation drip irrigation and drip
Fill 1-2 time, after emerging, utilize rainwater resource.
(5) alfalfa-corn echelon advances cropping pattern: after gather in Herba Medicaginis in by the end of June, 2016, apply cattle manure in field
3m3/667m2, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40～50) kg/667m2；Deep rotary tillage topsoil 20 cm, chesson, by salinity relatively
Low rotary tillage soil layer and fertilizer, base manure stirring and evenly mixing；Taking " drip irrigation+ridge culture " pattern to sow, wide 40cm between ridge, ridge is high
15cm, distance between the ridges 80cm, seeding corn kind " Zheng Dan 958 ", seed level 3cm；Drip irrigation system is installed, with Semen Maydis salt-tolerant threshold after broadcasting
For soil control salt standard, topsoil soils salinity i.e. stops irrigating after not higher than irrigating control salt desired value；According to Semen Maydis routine side
Formula carries out field management.
The present invention takes biological salt reduction to combine with low cost material salt reduction, agronomy salt reduction, reduces modified utilization cost；
Reducing Muddy Bottoms marine solonchak viscosity, soil quality is improved, and soil nutrient content promotes, and enhances coastal tidal biological
Production capacity (is shown in Table 3-table 4).
The table 3 echelon plantation impact on soil physico-chemical index
The biological salt reduction effect of table 4
The foregoing is only the embodiment that the present invention is the most feasible, not thereby limit to the interest field of the present invention, all fortune
The equivalence change made by description of the invention and content, within being both contained in the interest field of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation, it is characterised in that include
Following step:
(1) building 2 grades of drainings in Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal district and drench salt system, step is:
A. according to landform, longitudinal excavation trapezoidal 1 grade of draining pouring salt ditch in soil remediation district, wide 3m suitable for reading, end opening width 1m, deep 2m,
Reduce and administer district's level of ground water；The trend of trapezoidal 1 grade of draining pouring salt ditch is so that draining is principle, and salt ditch is drenched in trapezoidal 1 grade of draining
Water inlet is arranged on raised fields eminence, the discharge outlet that salt ditch is drenched in trapezoidal 1 grade of draining be positioned at raised fields low-lying place and with close on irrigation canals and ditches, pond
The pool communicates；
B. being spaced 25m, laterally salt ditch is drenched in trapezoidal 2 grades of drainings of excavation wide 1.5m, deep 1.2m, builds the little raised fields of bar shaped；
(2) building pouring salt-Soil building arable layer, step is:
First plough deeply soil 40-50cm with excavator, formed and drench salt deposit；Then material improved materials cattle manure, corn straw each 5 are applied
m3/667m2, ardealite 1000kg/667m2, turn over 20cm, mixes uniformly, then rotary tillage 2 times, forms Soil building arable layer；
(3) build rainwater utilizes the echelon combined to advance biological modification pattern with freshwater resources, and step is:
A. rain supports type halophytes Suaeda salsa Vegetative restoration pattern: first builds field and stores rain pattern, encloses low bank between fields and sit the ridge, at platform
High 30cm, the low bank between fields or in shallow water of wide 50cm are built in the edge in field；Taking furrow pattern, ditch depth 15cm, ditch spacing 50cm in field, longitudinal ditch is every
The horizontal low bank between fields of same size is built every 30m；Suaeda salsa plantation is selected in moisture and salt regime sluggish July period, takes the side of broadcasting sowing
Formula, application rate (5～6) g/m2；Gather in autumn and remove field；
The most water-saving Suaeda salsa-Herba Medicaginis echelon cropping pattern: the Suaeda salsa of growth naturally is gathered in and removes by July next year
Field；Apply NPK (30～40) kg/667m2It is base manure, rotary tillage 20cm；Smooth field, makees the kind planting-line face without low bank between fields,
Furrow width 1.2m, furrow furrow width 30cm, deep 15～20cm, for the bright ditch of salt discharge between furrow, it is through that salt ditch is drenched in the exit or entrance of a clitch and draining；Sowing lucerne
Mu, seed level 1.5～2.0 cm, application rate (0.5～1.0) kg/667m2, broadcast rear stalks mulching 1cm；Drip irrigation system is installed after broadcasting,
Drip irrigation regulation and control soil salt is carried out according to soil plough horizon salinity and Herba Medicaginis salt-tolerant threshold；
C. alfalfa-corn echelon advances cropping pattern: after next year gathers in Herba Medicaginis by the end of June, apply cattle manure 3m in field3/667m2,
Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (40～50) kg/667m2；Deep rotary tillage topsoil 20 cm, chesson, by rotary tillage soil relatively low for salinity
Layer and fertilizer, base manure stirring and evenly mixing；Drip irrigation+ridge culture pattern is taked to sow, wide 40cm between ridge, ridge height 15cm, distance between the ridges 80cm,
Sow corn variety such as Zheng Dan 958 precocious, adaptable, Jing Nong section 728；Drip irrigation system is installed, with Semen Maydis salt tolerant threshold after broadcasting
Value is soil control salt standard, and topsoil soils salinity i.e. stops irrigating after not higher than irrigating control salt desired value；Conventional according to Semen Maydis
Way to manage carries out field management.
The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in Suaeda salsa the most according to claim 1-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation,
It is characterized in that: alfalfa-corn echelon advances in cropping pattern, after 2-3 Herba Medicaginis of next year harvesting, Winter Wheat Planted by the end of September；Broadcast
The same Semen Maydis of front management, about depth of planting 3cm；Fruit variety salt tolerant, the least weir of adaptable wheat breed 60, broadcast rear drip irrigation
Take a small amount of unsaturation irrigation method repeatedly.
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| CN107889573A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-10 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | The economical vegetation fast construction method of shale strand heavy salinized ground salt tolerant based on hidden pipe salt discharge |
| CN109661966A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-04-23 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of salt-soda soil woods shrub symbiosis implantation methods |
| CN109874435A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-14 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | A method of salt-soda soil is improved using red clover and arrow-leaved oleaster |
| CN110230290A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-13 | 李小虎 | A method of it is transformed Bilge mud to form drainage ditch |
| CN110521322A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-03 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land improving System and method for |
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| CN110230290A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-13 | 李小虎 | A method of it is transformed Bilge mud to form drainage ditch |
| CN110521322A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-03 | 美丽国土（北京）生态环境工程技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land improving System and method for |
| CN113728888A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-03 | 兰州大学 | Grain and grass composite planting method for alfalfa intercropping wheat and corn |
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