CN111771639A - Method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control - Google Patents

Method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111771639A
CN111771639A CN202010670734.6A CN202010670734A CN111771639A CN 111771639 A CN111771639 A CN 111771639A CN 202010670734 A CN202010670734 A CN 202010670734A CN 111771639 A CN111771639 A CN 111771639A
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water
planting
field
evaporation
irrigation
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许客
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Jiangsu Tianhai Pump Co ltd
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Jiangsu Tianhai Pump Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control, which comprises the following planting steps: a. firstly, forming a ditch on a ridge of a planted field, and then forming a water outlet on the planted field, wherein the water outlet is communicated with the formed ditch; b. after the step a is finished, arranging a plurality of evaporation ponds and a plurality of water reservoirs at the positions far away from the planting field, wherein the evaporation ponds are communicated with the drainage ends of the ditches and are adjacent to the water reservoirs; c. and c, after the step b is finished, stacking bricks on the inner wall and the bottom of the opened evaporation pool, and painting concrete. The invention can effectively realize the evaporation treatment of the water discharged from the planted fields, and the treated water is collected, so that the water resource is conveniently recycled, the water pumping irrigation of the planted fields from a distance is avoided, the cost of the irrigation of the planted fields is saved, the salt in the discharged water can be recycled, and the management effect of the later period of the planted fields is improved.

Description

Method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is widely distributed, and plants in serious saline-alkali soil regions can hardly survive, namely most saline-alkali soil is wasteland, so that the saline-alkali soil is a very concern for people.
At present, the existing method for planting rice by irrigating, draining and controlling salt in heavy saline-alkali soil with fresh water has some defects, for example; the existing method for planting rice by fresh water irrigation and salt control in heavy saline-alkali soil cannot evaporate the water discharged from the planted field, collect the treated water, cannot recycle water resources, needs to pump water from a distance to irrigate and plant the field, increases the cost for irrigating and planting the field, cannot recycle the salt in the discharged water, and reduces the management effect on the later period of planting the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control, which solves the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control comprises the following planting steps:
a. firstly, forming a ditch on a ridge of a planted field, and then forming a water outlet on the planted field, wherein the water outlet is communicated with the formed ditch;
b. after the step a is finished, arranging a plurality of evaporation ponds and a plurality of water reservoirs at the positions far away from the planting field, wherein the evaporation ponds are communicated with the drainage ends of the ditches and are adjacent to the water reservoirs;
c. after the step b is finished, building bricks on the inner wall and the bottom of the opened evaporation pool, painting concrete, paving a heat insulation plate at the bottom of the evaporation pool, paving a heating pipe on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate, covering the heating pipe with concrete after the heating pipe is paved, and leveling the concrete;
d. after the step c is finished, covering an arch-shaped transparent plastic cover above the evaporation pool, and connecting a condensation pipeline at the upper end of the arch-shaped transparent plastic cover and leading to the reservoir;
e. after the step d is finished, ploughing the planting field, then irrigating, soaking for 2 days, and quickly draining water;
f. after the step e is finished, making rice in the soaked planting field, and then irrigating the planting field;
g. and f, after the step f is finished, periodically draining the water in the field, and pumping water from the reservoir to irrigate the field for planting the rice.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step a, ridges for planting the fields are formed by forming ditches between two adjacent fields, the depth of the ditches is twice the height of the fields and the ridges, the width of the ditches is 1/3 of the width of the ridges, and the ditches are formed in the middle of the ridges.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the evaporation pond and the water reservoir in step b are located within a diameter of less than 10 meters from the planting field, the size of the water reservoir is 3 times that of the evaporation pond, and the evaporation pond is rectangular.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step c, the insulation board is made of PVC, and three layers are laid, and the heating pipes are uniformly laid on the upper surface of the insulation board in a serpentine shape.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the condensation duct in step d forms an angle of 30 degrees with the upper surface of the water reservoir and an angle of 60 degrees with the upper surface of the arched transparent plastic cover.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the depth of the water poured in the step e is 2/3 of the height of the planted field and the ridge, the water is quickly drained after the water is soaked for 2 days, the drained water flows into the evaporation tank through the ditch, the heating pipe in the evaporation tank heats the inside of the evaporation tank, the drained water is changed into steam to enter the inside of the condensation pipe, the steam in the condensation pipe is liquefied to form liquid water, the liquid water flows into the water storage tank to be stored, and the crystallized salt in the evaporation tank is periodically collected.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step g of pumping water from the interior of the reservoir to irrigate the field where the rice is planted is performed, the ph of the water in the reservoir is detected before irrigation, and if the alkalinity is too high, an appropriate acid fertilizer such as aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur powder, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate is added.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can effectively realize the evaporation treatment of the water discharged from the planted fields, and the treated water is collected, so that the water resource is conveniently recycled, the water pumping irrigation of the planted fields from a distance is avoided, the cost of the irrigation of the planted fields is saved, the salt in the discharged water can be recycled, and the management effect of the later period of the planted fields is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control comprises the following planting steps:
a. firstly, forming a ditch on a ridge of a planted field, and then forming a water outlet on the planted field, wherein the water outlet is communicated with the formed ditch;
b. after the step a is finished, arranging a plurality of evaporation ponds and a plurality of water reservoirs at the positions far away from the planting field, wherein the evaporation ponds are communicated with the drainage ends of the ditches and are adjacent to the water reservoirs;
c. after the step b is finished, building bricks on the inner wall and the bottom of the opened evaporation pool, painting concrete, paving a heat insulation plate at the bottom of the evaporation pool, paving a heating pipe on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate, covering the heating pipe with concrete after the heating pipe is paved, and leveling the concrete;
d. after the step c is finished, covering an arch-shaped transparent plastic cover above the evaporation pool, and connecting a condensation pipeline at the upper end of the arch-shaped transparent plastic cover and leading to the reservoir;
e. after the step d is finished, ploughing the planting field, then irrigating, soaking for 2 days, and quickly draining water;
f. after the step e is finished, making rice in the soaked planting field, and then irrigating the planting field;
g. and f, after the step f is finished, periodically draining the water in the field, and pumping water from the reservoir to irrigate the field for planting the rice.
Further, in the step a, ditches are formed in ridges for planting the fields, the ditches are formed in the ridges between two adjacent fields, the depth of each ditch is twice the height of each ridge for planting the fields, the width of each ditch is 1/3 of the width of each ridge, and each ditch is formed in the middle of each ridge.
Furthermore, in the step b, the distance between the evaporation pond and the water storage pond and the planting field is less than 10 meters, the size of the water storage pond is 3 times that of the evaporation pond, and the evaporation pond is rectangular.
Furthermore, the heat insulation plate in the step c is made of PVC materials, three layers are laid, and the heating pipe is uniformly laid on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate in a snake shape.
Furthermore, in the step d, the condensation pipeline forms an angle of 30 degrees with the upper surface of the water storage tank and an angle of 60 degrees with the upper surface of the arched transparent plastic cover.
Further, the depth of irrigation in the step e is 2/3 the height of the planted field and the ridge, water is drained quickly after being soaked for 2 days, the drained water can flow into the evaporation tank through a ditch, at the moment, the heating pipe in the evaporation tank heats the inside of the evaporation tank, the drained water is changed into steam to enter the inside of the condensation pipe, the steam in the condensation pipe can be liquefied to form liquid water, the liquid water flows into the inside of the reservoir to be stored, and the crystallized salt in the evaporation tank is collected periodically.
And step g, pumping water from the inside of the water storage tank to irrigate the paddy rice field, detecting the pH value of water in the water storage tank before irrigation, and adding proper acid fertilizers such as aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur powder, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate and the like when the alkalinity is too high.
Example one
A method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control comprises the following planting steps:
a. firstly, forming a ditch on a ridge of a planted field, and then forming a water outlet on the planted field, wherein the water outlet is communicated with the formed ditch;
b. after the step a is finished, arranging a plurality of evaporation ponds and a plurality of water reservoirs at the positions far away from the planting field, wherein the evaporation ponds are communicated with the drainage ends of the ditches and are adjacent to the water reservoirs;
c. after the step b is finished, building bricks on the inner wall and the bottom of the opened evaporation pool, painting concrete, paving a heat insulation plate at the bottom of the evaporation pool, paving a heating pipe on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate, covering the heating pipe with concrete after the heating pipe is paved, and leveling the concrete;
d. after the step c is finished, covering an arch-shaped transparent plastic cover above the evaporation pool, and connecting a condensation pipeline at the upper end of the arch-shaped transparent plastic cover and leading to the reservoir;
e. after the step d is finished, ploughing the planting field, then irrigating, soaking for 2 days, and quickly draining water;
f. after the step e is finished, making rice in the soaked planting field, and then irrigating the planting field;
g. and f, after the step f is finished, periodically draining the water in the field, and pumping water from the reservoir to irrigate the field for planting the rice.
The invention can effectively realize the evaporation treatment of the water discharged from the planted fields, and collect the treated water, thereby facilitating the cyclic utilization of water resources, avoiding the pumping irrigation of the planted fields from a distance and saving the cost of the irrigation of the planted fields.
Example two
A method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control comprises the following planting steps:
a. firstly, forming a ditch on a ridge of a planted field, and then forming a water outlet on the planted field, wherein the water outlet is communicated with the formed ditch;
b. after the step a is finished, arranging a plurality of evaporation ponds and a plurality of water reservoirs at the positions far away from the planting field, wherein the evaporation ponds are communicated with the drainage ends of the ditches and are adjacent to the water reservoirs;
c. after the step b is finished, building bricks on the inner wall and the bottom of the opened evaporation pool, painting concrete, paving a heat insulation plate at the bottom of the evaporation pool, paving a heating pipe on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate, covering the heating pipe with concrete after the heating pipe is paved, and leveling the concrete;
d. after the step c is finished, covering an arch-shaped transparent plastic cover above the evaporation pool, and connecting a condensation pipeline at the upper end of the arch-shaped transparent plastic cover and leading to the reservoir;
e. after the step d is finished, ploughing the planting field, then irrigating, soaking for 2 days, and quickly draining water;
f. after the step e is finished, making rice in the soaked planting field, and then irrigating the planting field;
g. and f, after the step f is finished, periodically draining the water in the field, and pumping water from the reservoir to irrigate the field for planting the rice.
The invention can recycle the salt in the discharged water, thereby improving the management effect on the field in the later period.
The data parameters of the traditional salt-controlled rice planting method are as follows:
Figure BDA0002582181610000061
example a salt-controlled planting of rice data the parameters are given in table 2 below:
Figure BDA0002582181610000062
example two salt control planting rice data parameters table 3 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002582181610000063
in conclusion, the water evaporation treatment method can effectively evaporate the water discharged from the planted field and collect the treated water, so that the water resource can be recycled, the field planting by pumping irrigation from a distance is avoided, the cost of irrigating the planted field is saved, the salt in the discharged water can be recycled, and the management effect on the later period of planting the field is improved.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. A method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, discharge and salt control is characterized in that: the planting steps are as follows:
a. firstly, forming a ditch on a ridge of a planted field, and then forming a water outlet on the planted field, wherein the water outlet is communicated with the formed ditch;
b. after the step a is finished, arranging a plurality of evaporation ponds and a plurality of water reservoirs at the positions far away from the planting field, wherein the evaporation ponds are communicated with the drainage ends of the ditches and are adjacent to the water reservoirs;
c. after the step b is finished, building bricks on the inner wall and the bottom of the opened evaporation pool, painting concrete, paving a heat insulation plate at the bottom of the evaporation pool, paving a heating pipe on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate, covering the heating pipe with concrete after the heating pipe is paved, and leveling the concrete;
d. after the step c is finished, covering an arch-shaped transparent plastic cover above the evaporation pool, and connecting a condensation pipeline at the upper end of the arch-shaped transparent plastic cover and leading to the reservoir;
e. after the step d is finished, ploughing the planting field, then irrigating, soaking for 2 days, and quickly draining water;
f. after the step e is finished, making rice in the soaked planting field, and then irrigating the planting field;
g. and f, after the step f is finished, periodically draining the water in the field, and pumping water from the reservoir to irrigate the field for planting the rice.
2. The method for planting rice in the heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and c, in the step a, ditches are formed in ridges for planting the fields, the ditches are formed in the ridges between two adjacent fields for planting, the depth of each ditch is twice the height of each field for planting, the width of each ditch is 1/3 of the width of each ridge, and each ditch is formed in the middle of each ridge.
3. The method for planting rice in the heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step b, the distance between the evaporation tank and the water storage tank and the planting field is less than 10 meters, the size of the water storage tank is 3 times that of the evaporation tank, and the evaporation tank is rectangular.
4. The method for planting rice in the heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and c, the heat insulation plate is made of PVC materials, three layers are laid, and the heating pipe is uniformly laid on the upper surface of the heat insulation plate in a snake shape.
5. The method for planting rice in the heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and d, forming an angle of 30 degrees between the condensation pipeline and the upper surface of the reservoir and an angle of 60 degrees between the condensation pipeline and the upper surface of the arched transparent plastic cover in the step d.
6. The method for planting rice in the heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the depth of irrigation in the step e is 2/3 with the height of planted fields and ridges, water is drained quickly after being soaked for 2 days, the drained water can flow into the evaporation tank through a ditch, at the moment, the heating pipe in the evaporation tank heats the inside of the evaporation tank, the drained water is changed into steam to enter the inside of the condensation pipe, the steam in the condensation pipe can be liquefied to form liquid water, the liquid water flows into the inside of the reservoir to be stored, and the crystallized salt in the evaporation tank is collected periodically.
7. The method for planting rice in the heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and g, pumping water from the interior of the water storage tank to irrigate the paddy rice field, detecting the pH value of water in the water storage tank before irrigation, and adding proper aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur powder, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate and other acidic fertilizers when the alkalinity is too high.
CN202010670734.6A 2020-07-13 2020-07-13 Method for planting rice in heavy saline-alkali soil by fresh water irrigation, drainage and salt control Pending CN111771639A (en)

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