CN111418462A - Japonica rice planting method - Google Patents

Japonica rice planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111418462A
CN111418462A CN202010350479.7A CN202010350479A CN111418462A CN 111418462 A CN111418462 A CN 111418462A CN 202010350479 A CN202010350479 A CN 202010350479A CN 111418462 A CN111418462 A CN 111418462A
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China
Prior art keywords
planting
field
japonica
seedlings
japonica rice
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CN202010350479.7A
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Inventor
文喜贤
程飞虎
陈忠平
乐丽红
曹开蔚
胡翊炜
刘凯丽
武志峰
王雪桥
刘云发
邱水胜
郑海燕
刘根如
鄢国亮
吴生根
刘绵庆
王盛亮
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Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station
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Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station
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Priority to CN202010350479.7A priority Critical patent/CN111418462A/en
Publication of CN111418462A publication Critical patent/CN111418462A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a japonica rice planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) ploughing and fertilizing the field; (2) planting seedlings to the field in a proper sowing period, wherein the planting specification is (7-9) × (3-6) inches, and the water depth of the field is 0.5-3 cm; (3) performing a field 4 days after said planting; (4) and applying urea 7 days after the planting, and performing intermittent irrigation, wherein the water depth of the field is kept to be not less than 1cm, and the intermittent irrigation lasts for 15-20 days. The invention applies fertilizer after plowing and planting respectively, and also adopts intermittent irrigation, thereby improving the earning rate; the planting specification is larger, the mutual influence among seedlings is small, and the yield per mu is higher.

Description

Japonica rice planting method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a japonica rice planting method.
Background
Japonica rice is a subspecies of rice, needs short sunshine time, but has long growth period, is cold-resistant, has strong viscosity, short and round rice grains, higher protein content and good taste.
Japonica rice is resistant to fertilizer and lodging, has high water management requirements, and should be planted in a plain area with deep soil plough layer, good soil foundation and convenient irrigation and drainage. At present, most of japonica rice is cultivated by applying base fertilizer once before transplanting, and applying certain additional fertilizer according to actual conditions after transplanting.
The existing japonica rice planting method has poor benefit and low yield, and cannot meet the increasing market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a japonica rice planting method capable of improving yield.
A japonica rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing and fertilizing the field;
(2) planting seedlings to the field in a proper sowing period, wherein the planting specification is (7-9) × (3-6) inches, and the water depth of the field is 0.5-3 cm;
(3) performing a field 4 days after said planting;
(4) and applying urea 7 days after the planting, and performing intermittent irrigation, wherein the water depth of the field is kept to be not less than 1cm, and the intermittent irrigation lasts for 15-20 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: after ploughing and planting, fertilizer application is respectively carried out, and intermittent irrigation is adopted, so that the earning rate is improved; the planting specification is larger, the mutual influence among seedlings is small, and the yield per mu is higher.
In addition, the japonica rice planting method provided by the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
further, the fertilization in the step (1) is divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, applying a ternary compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 45 kg/mu and 5-10 kg/mu respectively;
and if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, applying a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 40 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu and 1-3 kg/mu respectively.
Further, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 45%, and the components of the organic fertilizer comprise platycodon grandiflorum, potassium carbonate and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 50: 1-2: 0.5-1.
Further, in the step (2), the planting specifications are divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, the standard is 9 x 5 or 8 x 6 inches when manual transplanting is selected for the planting, the standard is 9 x 3.6 inches when the planting selector is used for the transplanting, and a 434-hole seedling tray with the standard of 30-40 trays/mu is adopted when the throw-planting is selected for the planting;
if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, when the planting selection hand transplanting is performed, the specification is 8 x 4 or 7 x 5 inches, when the planting selection machine transplanting is performed, the specification is 7 x 4 inches, when the planting selection throwing transplanting is performed, 434-hole seedling trays with the specification of 60-70 trays/mu are adopted.
Further, when the planting selection is manual planting or mechanical planting, the water depth of the field is 1-3 cm, and when the planting selection is throw-planting, the water depth of the field is 0.5-1 cm.
Further, the field planting process in the step (3) enables the field to be naturally dried until the field falls dry and has no crack on the surface, and water with the depth of 1-3 cm is irrigated to the field again.
Further, the dissolved oxygen of the water for re-irrigating the field is 6-10 mg/L.
Further, the urea applying amount in the step (4) is 10-15 kg/mu.
Further, the intermittent irrigation in the step (4) is to irrigate the field to 0.1-0.5 cm in a circulating mode, and irrigate the field to 0.1-0.5 cm again after the field naturally falls dry.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Example 1
A japonica rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing and fertilizing the field;
(2) planting seedlings to the field block in a suitable sowing period;
(3) performing a field 4 days after said planting;
(4) and applying urea 7 days after the planting, and performing intermittent irrigation, wherein the water depth of the field is kept to be not less than 1cm, and the intermittent irrigation lasts for 20 days.
The invention has the advantages that the fertilizer is applied after the plowing and planting respectively, and the intermittent irrigation is adopted, so that the ear forming rate is improved; the planting specification is smaller, the mutual influence among seedlings is small, and the yield per mu is higher.
Specifically, the fertilization in the step (1) is divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, applying a ternary compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 45 kg/mu and 5 kg/mu respectively;
and if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, applying a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 40 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu and 1-3 kg/mu respectively.
The ternary compound fertilizer comprises 45% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the organic fertilizer comprises platycodon grandiflorum, potassium carbonate and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 50:1: 0.5.
Specifically, in the step (2), the planting specifications are divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, the standard is 9 x 5 or 8 x 6 inches when the planting selection hand transplanting is performed, the standard is 9 x 3.6 inches when the planting selection machine is performed, and a 434-hole seedling tray with the standard of 35 trays/mu is adopted when the planting selection throw transplanting is performed;
if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, the specification is 8 x 4 or 7 x 5 inches when the planting selection hand transplanting is performed, the specification is 7 x 4 inches when the planting selection machine transplanting is performed, and a 434-hole seedling tray with the specification of 65 trays/mu is adopted when the planting selection throw transplanting is performed.
It should be noted that, for japonica in one season, the suitable sowing period is 5 middle and last days of month, i.e., transplanting (throwing) in 6 middle and last days of month, jointing in 7 middle and last days of month, heading in 8-9 last days of month, and maturing in 10 middle and last days of month. Specifically, during transplanting, 1.2-1.3 million stumps are inserted by hands, and the specification is 9 × 5 inches or 8 × 6 inches; transplanting by machine at 9 x 3.6 cun, with maximum seedling taking amount; 1.3-1.5 thousands of roots are uniformly transplanted in each field of seedling throwing, and the number of basic seedlings is about 3-4 thousands. And (4) planting the field 4 days after transplanting, combining field exposure and large water and fertilizer 7 days later, striving for about 15 ten thousand per mu basically within 15-20 days, and striving for big ears with low nodes. About 3-4 million basic seedlings, 22-25 million peak seedlings and about 65% of spike forming rate; the effective spike is controlled to be about 12-13 ten thousand spikes, and the average spike grain number is 300-350 grains.
In addition, for double-season late japonica rice, the proper sowing period is 6 middle and late months, namely transplanting (throwing) in 7 middle and late months, jointing in 8 middle and late months, heading in 9 middle and upper months, and maturing from 10 to 11 upper months. Inserting 1.6-1.8 thousands of stumps by hand, with the specification of 8 × 4 inches or 7 × 5 inches; transplanting by machine at 7 × 4 inches, and taking the largest amount of seedlings; uniformly transplanting 1.8-2.0 thousands of seedlings per mu by throwing; about 4.5-5 ten thousand basic seedlings. After transplanting, the roots are promoted in the field 4 days later, and after 7 days later, the field is exposed, the water and the fertilizer are large, the basic seedlings per mu can reach about 20-25 ten thousand within 15-20 days, and the ears are large in low node positions. The peak seedlings are within 30 ten thousand, the effective spike is controlled to be 15-17 ten thousand, and the average spike grain number is 220-260.
In this embodiment, when the planting is selected to be carried out by hand or by machine, the water depth of the field is 1cm, and when the planting is selected to be carried out by throwing, the water depth of the field is 0.5 cm.
Specifically, step (3) the field in-process makes the field air naturally to the field falls to dry and the surface does not have the crack, to again the field irrigates 1 ~ 3cm deep water.
In addition, the dissolved oxygen of the water re-irrigating the field was 6 mg/L.
Further, the urea applying amount in the step (4) is 10 kg/mu.
Further, the intermittent irrigation in the step (4) is to irrigate the field to 0.1cm in a circulating mode, and irrigate the field to 0.1cm again after the field naturally falls dry.
Example 2
A japonica rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing and fertilizing the field;
(2) planting seedlings to the field block in a suitable sowing period;
(3) performing a field 4 days after said planting;
(4) and applying urea 7 days after the planting, and performing intermittent irrigation, wherein the water depth of the field is kept to be not less than 1cm, and the intermittent irrigation lasts for 20 days.
Specifically, the fertilization in the step (1) is divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, applying a ternary compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 45 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively;
and if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, applying the ternary compound fertilizer, the urea and the organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 40 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu and 3 kg/mu respectively.
Specifically, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 45%, and the components of the organic fertilizer comprise platycodon grandiflorum, potassium carbonate and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 50:2: 1.
It can be understood that the ternary compound fertilizer is 45% compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is 1:1: 1.
In addition, in the step (2), the planting specifications are divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, the standard is 8 x 8 or 8 x 7 inches when the planting selection is hand transplanting, the standard is 9 x 5.5 or 9 x 6.7 inches when the planting selection is hand transplanting, and a 434-hole seedling tray is adopted when the planting selection is throw transplanting, and the standard is 30-40 trays/mu;
if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, the specification is 8 x 4 or 8 x 5 inches when the planting selection is hand-transplanting, the specification is 9 x 4 inches when the planting selection machine is transplanting, and the specification is 65 discs/mu when the planting selection is throw-transplanting.
Specifically, when the planting is selected to be manually or mechanically inserted, the water depth of the field is 3cm, and when the planting is selected to be thrown, the water depth of the field is 1 cm.
Furthermore, in the field planting process of the step (3), the field is naturally dried until the field is dry and has no crack on the surface, and water with the depth of 3cm is irrigated to the field again.
Further, the dissolved oxygen of the water re-irrigating the field is 10 mg/L.
Further, the urea applying amount in the step (4) is 15 kg/mu.
Further, the intermittent irrigation in the step (4) is to irrigate the field to 0.5cm in a circulating mode, and irrigate the field to 0.5cm again after the field naturally falls dry.
Example 3
A japonica rice planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) ploughing and fertilizing the field;
(2) planting seedlings to the field block in a suitable sowing period;
(3) performing a field 4 days after said planting;
(4) and applying urea 7 days after the planting, and performing intermittent irrigation, wherein the water depth of the field is kept to be not less than 1cm, and the intermittent irrigation lasts for 20 days.
Specifically, the fertilization in the step (1) is divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, applying a ternary compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 45 kg/mu and 10 kg/mu respectively;
and if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, applying the ternary compound fertilizer, the urea and the organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 40 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu and 3 kg/mu respectively.
Further, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 45%, and the components of the organic fertilizer comprise platycodon grandiflorum, potassium carbonate and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 50:2: 1.
Further, in the step (2), the planting specifications are divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, the standard is 8 x 8 or 8 x 7 inches when the planting selection is hand transplanting, the standard is 9 x 5.5 or 9 x 6.7 inches when the planting selection is hand transplanting, and a 434-hole seedling tray is adopted when the planting selection is throw transplanting, and the standard is 30-40 trays/mu;
if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, the specification is 8 x 4 or 8 x 5 inches when the planting selection is hand-transplanting, the specification is 9 x 4 inches when the planting selection machine is transplanting, and the specification is 65 discs/mu when the planting selection is throw-transplanting.
Further, when the planting selection is manual planting or mechanical planting, the water depth of the field is 3cm, and when the planting selection is throw-planting, the water depth of the field is 0.5 cm.
Further, in the field planting process of the step (3), the field is naturally dried until the field falls dry and has no crack on the surface, and water with the depth of 1cm is irrigated to the field again.
Further, the dissolved oxygen of the water re-irrigating the field is 10 mg/L.
Further, the urea applying amount in the step (4) is 15 kg/mu.
Further, the intermittent irrigation in the step (4) is to irrigate the field to 0.5cm in a circulating mode, and irrigate the field to 0.5cm again after the field naturally falls dry.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 3 except that:
and (2) uniformly applying the fertilizer in the step (1) to obtain the ternary compound fertilizer with the application amount of 45 kg/mu.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 3 except that:
the water-soluble oxygen amount in the step (3) is 2 mg/L, which can be understood as ordinary irrigation water.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 3 except that:
and (4) continuously injecting water into the field, wherein the water injection amount is basically consistent with the infiltration amount of the field, so that the water depth of the field is kept between 0.1cm and 0.5 cm.
In order to better illustrate the invention, the original seed field in the Fuzhou city is developed with special tests of different nitrogen application amounts of japonica rice in one season, so as to determine the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of japonica rice, and the test of Yongyou No. 12 is carried out by adopting the method of the embodiment, and the result is shown in Table 1.
For the above examples and comparative examples, the test was conducted using 5 acres of land, and the results were averaged per acre. During the test, the seeds of japonica rice in one season and the seeds of late japonica rice in two seasons are randomly selected, during the planting, manual check, mechanical transplanting and seedling throwing are randomly selected, the seeds are soaked and disinfected in the same way before the plowing, and urea and potassium chloride are uniformly applied after the seedlings grow into strong seedlings, wherein the application amount is 10 kg/mu and 6 kg/mu.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002471765160000071
Referring to table 1, it can be seen that examples 1 to 3 all achieve better effects and higher yields, wherein example 3 has a higher yield;
comparing example 3 with comparative examples 1 to 3, it is understood that the yields obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 are significantly lower than in example 3, and that the fertilization in step (1), the water with a high dissolved oxygen in step (3), and the intermittent irrigation in step (4) all have a promoting effect on the yield in the present invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A japonica rice planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ploughing and fertilizing the field;
(2) planting seedlings to the field in a proper sowing period, wherein the planting specification is (7-9) × (3-6) inches, and the water depth of the field is 0.5-3 cm;
(3) performing a field 4 days after said planting;
(4) and applying urea 7 days after the planting, and performing intermittent irrigation, wherein the water depth of the field is kept to be not less than 1cm, and the intermittent irrigation lasts for 15-20 days.
2. The japonica rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization in the step (1) is divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, applying a ternary compound fertilizer and an organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 45 kg/mu and 5-10 kg/mu respectively;
and if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, applying a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and an organic fertilizer, wherein the application rates are 40 kg/mu, 5 kg/mu and 1-3 kg/mu respectively.
3. The japonica rice planting method of claim 2, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the ternary compound fertilizer is 45%, and the components of the organic fertilizer comprise platycodon grandiflorum, potassium carbonate and sodium sulfide in a mass ratio of 50: 1-2: 0.5-1.
4. The japonica rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the planting specifications are divided into:
if the seedlings are japonica in one season, the standard is 9 x 5 or 8 x 6 inches when manual transplanting is selected for the planting, the standard is 9 x 3.6 inches when the planting selector is used for the transplanting, and a 434-hole seedling tray with the standard of 30-40 trays/mu is adopted when the throw-planting is selected for the planting;
if the seedlings are double-season late japonica, when the planting selection hand transplanting is performed, the specification is 8 x 4 or 7 x 5 inches, when the planting selection machine transplanting is performed, the specification is 7 x 4 inches, when the planting selection throwing transplanting is performed, 434-hole seedling trays with the specification of 60-70 trays/mu are adopted.
5. The japonica rice planting method according to claim 4, wherein the water depth of the field is 1 to 3cm when the planting is selected to be hand-planted or machine-planted, and 0.5 to 1cm when the planting is selected to be throw-planted.
6. The japonica rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein the field is naturally dried in the field planting process in the step (3) until the field falls dry and no crack is formed on the surface, and water with the depth of 1-3 cm is irrigated to the field again.
7. The japonica rice planting method according to claim 6, wherein the dissolved oxygen amount of the water newly irrigated to the field is 6-10 mg/L.
8. The japonica rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein the urea is applied in the step (4) in an amount of 10-15 kg/mu.
9. The japonica rice planting method according to claim 1, wherein the intermittent irrigation in the step (4) is performed in a cycle of irrigating the field to 0.1-0.5 cm, and after the field naturally falls to dry, the field is irrigated again to 0.1-0.5 cm.
CN202010350479.7A 2020-04-28 2020-04-28 Japonica rice planting method Pending CN111418462A (en)

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CN109699265A (en) * 2019-03-06 2019-05-03 淮安市农业技术推广中心 A kind of fertilizing method suitable for North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice
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CN109122142A (en) * 2018-09-06 2019-01-04 吴峰 A kind of implantation methods of organic paddy rice
CN109699265A (en) * 2019-03-06 2019-05-03 淮安市农业技术推广中心 A kind of fertilizing method suitable for North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice
CN111034561A (en) * 2019-12-11 2020-04-21 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Seedling raising method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil

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Application publication date: 20200717