CN107926188B - Method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of land improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping. The method comprises the following operation steps: s1, adopting a deep ploughing plow before planting, ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil, and digging a drainage ditch; s2, throwing the mixed materials into soil, and ploughing, leveling and making ridges with the width of 1-1.5 m; digging holes at fixed points according to the size on the planting land with the determined row spacing, wherein the rows are spaced in parallel, the hole diameter is 10-25cm, and the plant row spacing is (0.2-0.5) mx (0.2-0.5) m; s3, putting the soil in the holes into a pulverizer to be pulverized and backfilling the pulverized soil into the holes; s4, putting wormcast at the bottom of the hole, and then putting seedlings or treated seeds; and S5, watering regularly. The method provided by the application can effectively improve the water retention, drainage and fertilizer retention of the soil and improve the survival rate of plants; and the pH value of the soil can be effectively adjusted by adopting the plant intercropping method for planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of land improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping.
Background
Saline-alkali land is a general term for saline land and alkaline land. The distribution area of saline-alkali soil in China is wide, about one hundred million hectares exist, and four types of saline-alkali soil distribution areas, namely a coastal saline area, a Huang-Huai-Hai plain saline area, a desert grassland saline area and a grassland saline area are determined according to the soil type and climate condition change in China. The coastal saline-alkali soil is an important saline-alkali soil type in China, and the coastal saline-alkali soil has a coastline of more than 18000 kilometers and is wide in distribution position. The problems of land salinization and secondary salinization in coastal areas are very severe, and the excessively high soil salinity is a key factor for restricting land reclamation.
Coastal saline-alkali soil has unique characteristics compared with other types of saline-alkali soil. The main performance is as follows: firstly, the salt content of the soil changes along with the distance from the sea. The time of departure from the tidal influence at a distance from the seaLonger soils have lower salt content. And secondly, the composition of the soil salt and the seawater salt is basically consistent. The soil body salinity distribution of the coastal saline-alkali soil in the vertical direction has close relation with the sedimentary lithology of the stratum, the underground runoff, the water quality characteristics and the human activities. The salinity content of the soil body is mainly distributed in the bottom soil layer, the salinity composition is basically consistent with that of seawater, and Cl is mainly used-Mainly of Cl-The content of the anionic component is 70-90% of total amount of anions, and SO4 2-，HCO3 -And at a minimum. The cation composition is Na+The content is mainly. Thirdly, the underground water level is high, the degree of mineralization is large, and the content of soluble salt is high. The free water surface of the coastal saline-alkali soil is generally higher in the quaternary rock stratum, about 1.5m, and the free water surface rises to the ground surface in rainy season. The mineralization degree of underground water can reach up to 100-150g/L, and the general area is 10-30 g/L. The coastal saline-alkali soil is rich in soluble salt, the average salt content of 1m soil body is more than 0.4 percent, the salt content can reach 2 to 3 percent in the case of high soil body, and the salt content can even reach 5 to 8 percent in the case of high soil body.
Fresh water resources are increasingly deficient, and the development and utilization of saline-alkali soil to develop seawater irrigation becomes one of the hot fields of current research. The seawater irrigation agriculture fully utilizes the non-cultivated land resource of the mudflat, the non-irrigation water resource of the seawater and the novel water irrigation technology for carrying out agricultural production by the halophyte. Much research has been devoted to the soil and crops for foreign use in the field irrigation using seawater. China's seawater irrigation agriculture belongs to a new technology and is still in a preliminary research stage. The coastal areas are short in fresh water resources, and the underground brackish water and the saline water resources are rich, so that the fresh water can be greatly saved if the underground brackish water and the saline water resources can be fully utilized. The tradition thinks, directly utilizes brackish water or salt water to irrigate, can cause the salinity to gather at soil top layer and each layer of soil body, and makes soil further salinization, causes soil physics nature deterioration, directly endangers the plant. Recent research shows that saline water irrigation can increase the salt content of soil, but also can increase the soil humidity and reduce the concentration of soil solution.
Among various measures for treating saline-alkali soil, the improvement of biological salt tolerance is generally considered to be the most effective improvement way. Through the biotechnology measure, the saline-alkali soil is improved, the physical characteristics of the soil are gradually changed, the soil structure is changed, the texture becomes loose, and the air permeability and water storage capacity are enhanced. China has obvious effects on the large-area rice planting improvement and green manure planting improvement of coastal saline soil. The saline-alkali soil is pretreated by planting true halophyte such as suaeda glauca and the like on the saline-alkali soil, namely the plants are moved out of the system, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be obviously improved.
The method has the advantages of low cost, good effect, no pollution, continuous development and the like by utilizing the plants to improve and repair the saline-alkali soil, and is one of the best ways for greening the saline-alkali soil. For coastal saline-alkali soil, the method can fully utilize land and water resources in coastal areas, and plays an important role in relieving the problem of insufficient cultivated land.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high saline-alkali soil restoration cost, unobvious effect, poor sustainability and the like in the prior art, and provides a method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping is carried out according to the following steps:
s1, ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil by adopting a deep ploughing plow harrow 4-6 weeks before planting, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-50cm, and digging a drainage ditch;
s2, throwing the mixed materials into soil, and ploughing, leveling and making ridges with the width of 1-1.5 m; on the planting land with the determined row spacing, the mixed material consists of calcium fertilizer, decomposed manure, biological residues and soil conditioner; digging holes at fixed points according to the size, wherein the rows are spaced in parallel, and the hole diameter is 10-25 cm; the row spacing of the plants is (0.2-0.5) mx (0.2-0.5) m, and the excessive or insufficient row spacing of the plants is not beneficial to the photosynthesis of the plants, so that the improvement effect of the soil is weakened;
s3, putting the soil in the holes into a pulverizer to be pulverized and backfilling the pulverized soil into the holes;
s4, putting wormcast at the bottom of the hole, and then putting seedlings or treated seeds;
and S5, watering regularly.
Preferably, the mixed material consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of calcium fertilizer, 6-8 parts of decomposed manure, 3-5 parts of biological residues and 2-3 parts of soil conditioner;
preferably, the calcium fertilizer comprises an organic calcium fertilizer and/or an inorganic calcium fertilizer.
Further preferably, the inorganic calcium fertilizer is at least one of lime, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, calcium superphosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium monohydrogen phosphate;
further preferably, the organic calcium fertilizer is at least one of calcium acetate, calcium EDTA chelate, calcium amino acid chelate, calcium oxalate and calcium citrate.
Still more preferably, the inorganic calcium fertilizer is at least one of lime, calcium phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium monohydrogen phosphate;
most preferably lime and/or calcium superphosphate; such as mixtures of lime and calcium superphosphate;
when lime and calcium superphosphate are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1 (1-10), the fixation of phosphorus by soil can be effectively reduced, the supply of trace elements by soil is adjusted, the living condition of soil microorganisms is improved, and the air and water permeability of soil is enhanced, so that the air, water and fertilizer retention capability of soil is improved.
Preferably, the biological residue comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 portions of bran peel, 150 portions of hemp residue, 100 portions of bagasse and 150 portions of cottonseed hull.
Preferably, the soil conditioner is formed by mixing 2-6 parts of a root promoting agent, 30-40 parts of soluble humus, 7-10 parts of an amino acid fertilizer, 6-9 parts of a slow release agent, 0.5-1 part of a water retaining agent, 0.2-0.5 part of halophilic bacillus and 0.5-0.8 part of salt-tolerant rhizobium for 10-20 days in a sealing way.
Further preferably, the root growth promoting agent is naphthylacetic acid, naphthylacetate, indoleacetic acid, indole butyric acid, indole butyrate, indole acetate, 6-benzyl adenine, kinetin, triacontanol, damine, 2, 4-D, boron, VB1At least one of sodium naphthenate, fulvic acid and catechol。
Still further preferably, the root growth promoting agent is at least one of naphthylacetic acid, naphthylacetate, indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, indolebutyrate and indoleacetate.
Most preferably, the root growth promoting agent is at least one of naphthylacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid salt, indoleacetic acid and indoleacetic acid salt, such as sodium naphthylacetate, or indoleacetic acid, or a mixture of sodium naphthylacetate and indoleacetic acid.
Preferably, the slow release agent is fly ash.
The water-retaining agent is a high polymer with very low crosslinking density, water insolubility and high water expansibility and particularly strong water absorption capacity, has the characteristics of quickly absorbing water, improving the soil structure and promoting growth, and can be used together with pesticide fertilizers to store the pesticide fertilizers and slowly release the pesticide fertilizers while storing water, so that the pesticide fertilizers cannot be wasted due to evaporation, leakage and loss, the utilization rate of the pesticide fertilizers is improved, and the effect of saving the fertilizers and the pesticides is achieved.
Common water-retaining agents include the following:
1) starch series, including starch grafts, hydroxymethylated starches, phosphated starches, and starch xanthates;
2) cellulose series, including cellulose grafts, hydroxymethylated cellulose, hydroxypropylated cellulose, and xanthated cellulose;
3) synthetic polymer series including polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyoxyalkanes and inorganic polymers;
4) protein families including soy protein, silk protein and gluten;
5) other series, including pectin, alginic acid, chitosan;
6) a blend series, a mixture of various different classes of water retention agents such as starch grafted acrylate copolymeric cross-links and acrylamide-acrylate copolymeric cross-links.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent is a starch graft acrylate copolymerization crosslinking product, and has the advantages of large water absorption rate and speed, relatively low cost and easy degradation.
Wherein the starch graft acrylate copolymerization cross-linked substance mainly comprises the following components: 18 to 27 percent of starch, 62 to 71 percent of acrylate, 10 percent of water and 0.5 to 1.0 percent of cross-linking agent, and the water absorption comparative test of the loess leaching solution in a laboratory shows that the water-retaining agent can absorb 160 times of water by the self weight within 15 to 20 minutes after meeting water.
Preferably, the intercropping plants are at least two of jerusalem artichoke, cactus, Chinese castor and suaeda glauca;
further preferably, the intercropping plants are jerusalem artichoke, cactus, Chinese castor-oil plant and suaeda glauca.
Wherein, the jerusalem artichoke belongs to the compositae and has the following characteristics: the stress resistance is strong: in the cold and high sand wasteland with annual accumulated temperature of more than 2000 ℃ and annual precipitation of more than 150mm and temperature of minus 40 ℃ to minus 50 ℃, tubers can grow as long as the tubers are not exposed; (II) drought and sand resistance: the jerusalem artichoke tubers can normally germinate by utilizing the nutrients, water and strong root hairs of the jerusalem artichoke tubers within 30cm under the sand; the tubers and root systems have strong water storage capacity and are required for maintaining growth in the drought period; with developed rhizome, the fertilizer plays a role in fixing sand; (III) the regeneration property is extremely strong: the one-time planting can be carried out continuously. When the drought is severe, the overground stem leaves wither, but once water exists, the underground stems germinate again; each regenerated tuber is tillered and germinates, the annual multiplication speed can reach 20 times, jerusalem artichoke seeds fall to the ground and root, and the jerusalem artichoke is propagated in four places; (IV) no plant diseases and insect pests: in the growth period, no fertilizer application, pesticide spraying, weeding and management are needed, and once the tablets are formed, people and livestock can hardly destroy the propagation development.
After the jerusalem artichoke is unfrozen in spring, tubers with the weight of 20-25g are selected for sowing, the row spacing of the tubers is 0.5 multiplied by 0.5m, and the sowing depth is 10-20 cm; the seed potato is sowed with upward bud and the sowing depth is preferably 8-12cm, more preferably 10-12 cm.
The cactus likes intense illumination, resists inflammation, drought and barren, has tenacious vitality, is managed roughly, has the proper growth temperature of 20-30 ℃, has the day and night temperature difference in the growth period, and is preferably 30-40 ℃ in the daytime and 15-25 ℃ at night.
Sowing cactus, selecting strong and mature stem nodes from a stock plant with strong growth vigor and no plant diseases and insect pests as cutting slips. Cutting the cutting slips from the stock plant by a rustless scraper, and wiping and disinfecting the cutter by alcohol before and after each cutting. The cut cutting slips are not suitable for immediate cutting, and should be put in a room with dry air for 5-7 days, and cutting is carried out after the cut is dry and the stem meat begins to shrink. The method is characterized in that the base of the cutting slips is soaked by plant growth hormone for varieties with difficult rooting, so that the survival rate can be greatly improved, and the specific method comprises the following steps: the base of the cutting shoot is soaked in 50-100 ppm plant growth regulator GGR solution for 0.5-1h, or in 200ml/L naphthylacetic acid solution for 4 h. Embedding the base part of the cutting into the substrate for 2-3cm, and if the cutting is difficult to stand, flatly placing the cutting on the substrate; or the soil at two sides of the cutting slips can be tightly connected with the soil after being supported by objects.
The Chinese castor is from India and is distributed from Hainan to 49 degrees north latitude of Heilongjiang. Most north China and north east China, the second north west and east China, and the others are planted sporadically. There are semi-wild perennial castor beans in tropical regions.
The castor-oil plant is generally sown from "frightening hibernation" to "summer-standing". Some provinces in south China and south China are planted earlier, and some provinces in east China and north China are generally in months of 4-5. The seeds can be sown in spring, summer and autumn in some provinces in the southwest, and can also be sown in winter in tropical areas in south China.
Castor seed treatment: before sowing, soaking the seeds in warm water at 40-50 ℃ for 24 hours, taking out the seeds, burying the seeds in wet sand, germinating after 5-7 days, and immediately sowing the seeds after germination. If the seeds are sowed in a delayed mode, the seeds can be soaked in warm water for 48 hours to enable hard shells to become soft, the seeds absorb enough water to accelerate the germination speed of the seeds, the seeds after soaking can be sowed in time or can be sprouted, and the seeds can be sowed when a part of the seeds are exposed.
The mugwort is widely distributed, and almost extends across the whole country except for extremely arid and alpine regions. The method is used for solving the problems that the method is not suitable for the fields of low-altitude to middle-altitude areas, such as wastelands, roadside rivers, hillsides and the like, and is also suitable for forest and grassland areas, and local areas are dominant species of plant communities. During production, the vegetative propagation is mainly carried out by rhizome division, and the division time needs to be paid attention. But may also be propagated using seeds. Typically, seed propagation is performed in 3 months of sowing and rhizome propagation is performed in 11 months.
Suaeda glauca is an annual herb of Chenopodiaceae, has good commodity, beautiful plant shape, elegant name of jadeite coral, rich nutrition of fresh and tender stem and leaf, special seafood flavor and good taste. It can also be used for food stagnation and fever. The tender stem and leaf of the suaeda glauca can be eaten fresh and can be dried, and the storage and the transportation are convenient, so the vegetable development of the suaeda glauca has better prospect. Can be planted on saline-alkali soil such as canal banks, river valleys, roadside, field sides and the like.
Suaeda glauca L.is a natural green food without public hazard, which is fit for planting sandy soil or sandy loam in coastal areas, and is fond of high humidity, salt and alkali resistance, barren resistance and less pest and disease damage. Suaeda glauca requires good moisture condition of soil, but due to the stem and leaf quality, a large amount of moisture is stored in the leaves, so that temporary drought can be endured. The dormancy stage of the seeds is short, and the seeds can quickly germinate and grow under proper conditions. But most seeds germinate rapidly after summer rain. The plant grows in a multi-star or cluster manner around the alkaline lake and on the saline-alkaline spots, and can form a pure colony and is also a companion species of other halophyte colonies.
The suaeda glauca can be used for seed propagation and sowing on saline-alkali soil, and the sowing quantity can be properly increased, so that the sowing quantity per unit area is increased.
The suaeda salsa can realize sowing in four seasons, and has better sowing benefits in autumn and winter. Sowing the seeds in 11 th ten days in autumn and winter, and using 500mg/L KMnO to collect the seeds of suaeda glauca before sowing4Soaking the seeds in the solution for 20min, and then changing clear water to soak the seeds for 4h, wherein about 750g of seeds are used per mu. Hoeing a shallow trench with the depth of 1-2 mm by a sharp nozzle, mixing the seeds with fine sand or screened fine soil, uniformly entwisting and sowing, lightly sweeping by a broom, and compacting the surface of the furrow to facilitate soil moisture preservation and seedling emergence. And (5) covering a mulching film, covering an arched shed, and removing the mulching film after 3-4 d of seedling emergence.
The coastal saline-alkali soil has the salt content of 0.2-0.5g/kg and the pH value of 7.5-8.0.
The wormcast is comprehensive in nutrients, rich in organic matters, humic acid and microbial flora, and capable of improving the physical properties of soil, loosening clay and condensing sandy soil; can promote the air circulation of soil, accelerate the propagation of microorganisms and facilitate the absorption of nutrients by plants; can enhance the water retention and fertilizer retention; can absorb the base components to play an exchange role, and prevent the harm caused by the use of excessive fertilizers; can decompose mineral substances in the soil for plants to use; the fertilizer is mixed with other chemical fertilizers for use, so that the fertilizer effect is long; has no harm to plant, human and livestock, and can enhance plant resistance to diseases and insect pests, inhibit plant soil-borne diseases, improve crop quality, and restore natural flavor of crop.
According to the method for improving the coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping, provided by the invention, on one hand, the soil environment of the coastal saline-alkali soil is properly improved by biological residues to provide nutrition for the survival and growth of plants, the survival rate of intercropping plants is improved, and the method is quickly suitable for the saline-alkali soil environment; on the other hand, the saline-alkali soil improving agent comprises a root promoting agent, soluble humic acid, an amino acid fertilizer, a slow release agent, a water-retaining agent, halophilic bacillus and salt-tolerant rhizobium, and is beneficial to promoting plant rooting and reducing the salt content of the saline-alkali soil; moreover, the selected plants are perennial plants, have strong stress resistance and less plant diseases and insect pests, and can adapt to the growth of the seashore salt alkali land quickly.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the method can effectively improve the water retention, drainage and fertilizer retention of the soil and improve the survival rate of plants; and the pH value of the soil can be effectively adjusted by adopting the plant intercropping method for planting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the intercropping distribution of plants in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the intercropping distribution of plants in example 4;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the intercropping distribution of plants in example 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Wherein, if not specially stated, the embodiment of the invention takes the coastal saline-alkali soil with the salt content of 0.2-0.5g/kg and the pH value of 7.5-8.0 as the experimental soil, and no pesticide is sprayed in the experimental process; the materials added in the test process, such as the mixed materials and the soil conditioner, are all in unit of mu, and the soil conditioner is 250 Kg/mu in example 1.
Example 1
A method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping is carried out according to the following steps:
s1, ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil by adopting a deep ploughing plow harrow 4 weeks before planting, wherein the ploughing depth is 30cm, and digging a drainage ditch;
s2, throwing the mixed materials into soil, and ploughing, leveling and making ridges with the width of 1m again; the mixed material consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 100Kg of lime, 800Kg of calcium superphosphate, 800Kg of decomposed manure, 300Kg of biological residue (105 Kg of bran, 45Kg of hemp residue, 65Kg of bagasse and 85Kg of cottonseed hull) and 250Kg of soil conditioner;
wherein, the soil conditioner is formed by mixing 12.91Kg of sodium naphthalene acetate, 12.91Kg of indoleacetic acid, 150.6Kg of soluble humus, 34.4Kg of amino acid fertilizer, 30.12Kg of fly ash, 4.3Kg of starch graft acrylate copolymer cross-linked substance, 2.15Kg of halophilic bacillus and 2.58Kg of salt-tolerant rhizobium, sealing and fermenting for 15 days;
digging holes at fixed points according to the size on the planting land with the determined row spacing, wherein the row spacing is parallel to the row spacing, the hole diameter is 15cm, and the plant row spacing is 0.3m multiplied by 0.3 m;
s3, putting the soil in the holes into a pulverizer to be pulverized and backfilling the pulverized soil into the holes;
s4, putting wormcast at the bottom of the hole, and then putting seedlings or treated seeds;
s5, watering every 7-15 days;
wherein, the intercropping distribution of the plants in this example is shown in figure 1.
Example 2
A method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping is carried out according to the following steps:
s1, ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil by adopting a deep ploughing plow harrow 4 weeks before planting, wherein the ploughing depth is 30cm, and digging a drainage ditch;
s2, throwing the mixed materials into soil, and ploughing, leveling and making ridges with the width of 1m again; the mixed material consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 100Kg of lime, 800Kg of calcium superphosphate, 800Kg of decomposed manure, 300Kg of biological residue (130 Kg of bran, 45Kg of hemp residue, 65Kg of bagasse and 60Kg of cottonseed hull) and 250Kg of soil conditioner;
wherein, the soil conditioner is formed by mixing 12.91Kg of sodium naphthalene acetate, 12.91Kg of indoleacetic acid, 150.6Kg of soluble humus, 34.4Kg of amino acid fertilizer, 30.12Kg of fly ash, 4.3Kg of starch graft acrylate copolymer cross-linked substance, 2.15Kg of halophilic bacillus and 2.58Kg of salt-tolerant rhizobium, sealing and fermenting for 15 days;
digging holes at fixed points according to the size on the planting land with the determined row spacing, wherein the row spacing is parallel to the row spacing, the hole diameter is 15cm, and the plant row spacing is 0.3m multiplied by 0.3 m;
s3, putting the soil in the holes into a pulverizer to be pulverized and backfilling the pulverized soil into the holes;
s4, putting wormcast at the bottom of the hole, and then putting seedlings or treated seeds;
s5, watering every 7-15 days;
in this example, the plant intercropping distribution was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
A method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping is carried out according to the following steps:
s1, ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil by adopting a deep ploughing plow harrow 4 weeks before planting, wherein the ploughing depth is 30cm, and digging a drainage ditch;
s2, throwing the mixed materials into soil, and ploughing, leveling and making ridges with the width of 1m again; the mixed material consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 100Kg of lime, 800Kg of calcium superphosphate, 800Kg of decomposed manure, 300Kg of biological residue (170 Kg of bran, 35Kg of hemp residue, 45Kg of bagasse and 50Kg of cottonseed hull) and 250Kg of soil conditioner;
wherein, the soil conditioner is formed by mixing 12.91Kg of sodium naphthalene acetate, 12.91Kg of indoleacetic acid, 150.6Kg of soluble humus, 34.4Kg of amino acid fertilizer, 30.12Kg of fly ash, 4.3Kg of starch graft acrylate copolymer cross-linked substance, 2.15Kg of halophilic bacillus and 2.58Kg of salt-tolerant rhizobium, sealing and fermenting for 15 days;
digging holes at fixed points according to the size on the planting land with the determined row spacing, wherein the row spacing is parallel to the row spacing, the hole diameter is 15cm, and the plant row spacing is 0.3m multiplied by 0.3 m;
s3, putting the soil in the holes into a pulverizer to be pulverized and backfilling the pulverized soil into the holes;
s4, putting wormcast at the bottom of the hole, and then putting seedlings or treated seeds;
s5, watering every 7-15 days;
in this example, the plant intercropping distribution was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The only difference compared to example 1 is that the intercropping profile of the plants is shown in figure 2.
Example 5
The only difference compared to example 1 is that the calcium superphosphate was replaced with the amino acid chelated calcium in step S2.
Example 6
The only difference compared to example 1 is that the intercropping profile of the plants is shown in figure 3.
Example 7
The only difference compared to example 1 is that the starch graft acrylate copolymeric cross-linker was replaced with chitosan.
Statistics of performance conditions
1. The results of statistics on the plant survival rates of the coastal saline-alkali soil improved by the plant intercropping method of examples 1 to 7 of the present application are shown in the following table 1.
For comparison, the experimenter used the operations S1-S5 in the method of the present application, except that the above plants were not planted in an intercropping manner, i.e., a method of planting a single species, and the survival rate statistic was:
69% of jerusalem artichoke, 56% of castor bean, 65% of suaeda salsa and 94% of cactus.
2. Land improvement effect
The soil before and after the soil improved by the examples 1 to 7 of the present application (for one year) was measured for salinity and pH, and the statistical results are shown in the following table 2:
similarly, for comparison, the experimenter used the procedures S1-S5 in the method of the present application, except that the above plants were not planted in an intercropping manner, i.e., a single species planting method, and the soil before and after improvement was measured for the salt content and pH value of the soil,
the results are given in Table 3 below.
The data in the table show that the method for improving the soil by plant intercropping provided by the invention has the advantages of high plant survival rate, rapid growth, obvious improvement effect on the salt content and the pH value of the coastal saline-alkali soil and far better effect than that of single plant species planting.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by plant intercropping is carried out according to the following steps:
s1, ploughing and leveling the saline-alkali soil by adopting a deep ploughing plow harrow 4-6 weeks before planting, wherein the ploughing depth is 30-50cm, and digging a drainage ditch;
s2, throwing the mixed materials into soil, and ploughing, leveling and making ridges with the width of 1-1.5 m; the mixed material consists of calcium fertilizer, decomposed manure, biological residues and a soil conditioner;
digging holes at fixed points according to the size on the planting land with the determined row spacing, wherein the row spacing is parallel, the hole diameter is 10-25cm, and the plant row spacing is (0.2-0.5) mx (0.2-0.5) m;
s3, putting the soil in the holes into a pulverizer to be pulverized and backfilling the pulverized soil into the holes;
s4, putting wormcast at the bottom of the hole, and then putting seedlings or treated seeds;
s5, watering regularly;
the mixed material consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of calcium fertilizer, 6-8 parts of decomposed manure, 3-5 parts of biological residues and 2-3 parts of soil conditioner;
the biological residue comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 portions of bran peel, 150 portions of hemp residue, 100 portions of bagasse and 150 portions of cottonseed hull;
the soil conditioner is formed by mixing 2-6 parts of a root promoting agent, 30-40 parts of soluble humus, 7-10 parts of an amino acid fertilizer, 6-9 parts of a slow release agent, 0.5-1 part of a water retaining agent, 0.2-0.5 part of halophilic bacillus and 0.5-0.8 part of salt-tolerant rhizobium for 10-20 days in a sealing way after mixing;
the water-retaining agent is a starch grafted acrylate copolymerization cross-linked material; the intercropping plants are at least two of cactus, Chinese castor-oil plant and suaeda salsa; the calcium fertilizer is prepared by mixing lime and calcium superphosphate according to the weight ratio of 1 (1-10); the slow release agent is fly ash.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the root growth promoting agent is napthalene acetic acid, naphthalene acetate, indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, indole butyrate, indole acetate, 6-benzyl adenine, kinetin, triacontanol, daminozide, 2, 4-D, boron, VB1At least one of sodium naphthenate, fulvic acid and catechol.
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| CN109874438B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2022-03-15 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Biological improvement method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN109964742A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-05 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of biology less salt prevention and treatment saliferous method of muskmelon facility operation |
| CN110249737A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-09-20 | 云南农业大学 | The modification method of vegetable growing soil under a kind of facility condition |
| CN110384029B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-02-15 | 花王生态工程股份有限公司 | Matrix special for saline-alkali soil greening |
| CN110771302A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-11 | 青海省农林科学院 | Method for rapidly promoting germination of jerusalem artichoke tubers after dormancy breaking |
| CN111557196A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-08-21 | 山东中医药大学 | Honeysuckle saline-alkali soil planting method |
| CN111499475A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-08-07 | 鲁东大学 | Saline-alkali soil desalting agent and preparation method and application method thereof |
| CN111990341A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-27 | 盐城工学院 | Method for colonization of earthworm population in coastal saline soil |
| CN113079731A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-09 | 海田稻香(北京)农业科技有限公司 | Coastal saline soil improvement method |
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