CN109699265A - A kind of fertilizing method suitable for North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizing method suitable for North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The step of present invention provides a kind of fertilizing method suitable for North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice, is related to Rice Cropping technical field, the fertilizing method includes: ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties in choosing, and carries out strong seedling and cultivates；After Wheat Straw total crop return, 0~3d applies base manure, site preparation to plot to be transplanted seedlings before cultivation；Rice seedling after planting strong seedling, herbicide spraying；8~12d applies tillering fertilizer after cultivation；In ripe moderate japonica rice kind plant after 45~50d or Japonica rice rice varieties plant after 50~55d, apply ear manuer.The method of the invention is suitable for the fertilising of North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice plantation, effectively reduces nitrogen application, controls fertilizer application frequency, improves utilization rate of fertilizer and rice yield, reduces fertilising cost.It not only overcomes that dose is high, fertilizing time is difficult to the problem held, more than fertilizer application frequency, can also solve the problems, such as that harvest time caused by the easily remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe lodging of group's later period postpones and wheat is unable to proper seeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Rice Cropping technical field more particularly to a kind of applying suitable for North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice
Fertile method.
Background technique
20,000,000 mu of North Jiangsu Area Monitoring of Paddy Rice Plant Area or so, wherein about 14,000,000 mu of the area of wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice, account for
The stable high yield of the 70% of the gross area, northern Suzhou machine transplanting of rice japonica rice has a major impact safely the whole province's grain-production.Due to North Jiangsu Area
Rice season temperature light resource relatively Soviet Union in, southern Jiangsu it is relatively deficient, especially the wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice rice performance become apparent, therefore, machine-transplanted rice is more
Small ear type japonica rice variety in selection causes its yield generally not high, real to produce average 600kg/667m2Left and right.Peasant household is to pursue it
(super) high yield, puts into a large amount of chemical fertilizer blindly to excavate its yield potentiality, this not only not up to volume increase purpose, instead due to
Fertilizer application it is not scientific, bring group's lodging, pest and disease damage to occur to aggravate and the problems such as recruitment cost rises, while also exacerbating
Environment pollution of area source, constrains the performance of machine transplanting of rice japonica rice high yield Yu high-quality potential, is finally unfavorable for holding in the North Jiangsu Area rice and kernel anniversary
Continuous high-yield and high-efficiency plantation.Actual conditions are produced according to many years, it is believed that the fertilising link in the production of North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice
There are following common problems:
1) total fertilization amount is high.Wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice crop field total fertilization amount converts into purity nitrogen mostly in 23~28kg/667m2, increase
Material cost；
2) fertilizer application frequency is more.From rice transplanting to harvest, for fertilizer application frequency at 4~5 times, what is had is even more, increases
Cost of labor；
3) fertilizing time is held inaccurate.Peasant household mostly applies fertilizer by rule of thumb, or view Rice Population leaf color top dressing, and fertilizing time is more
Disorder, not being able to satisfy Rice Physiological needs fertilizer to require, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low；
4) application fertilizer structure is unreasonable, mostly emphasis nitrogen application, and phosphorus potash fertilizer is on the low side, and above problem leads to northern Suzhou wheat stubble
Machine transplanting of rice japonica rice produces not high, plantation net earnings decline in fact.
It in existing technology, in order to reduce fertilizer application frequency, solves the problems, such as that crop field operation is heavy, proposes a kind of suitable for rice
The fertilizer of single fertilization applies slow/controlled release fertilizer in rice field production.But pass through Huai'an agricultural technology extension center
In recent years rice and kernel Integrated Demonstration base practice have shown that, the cost of the fertilizer is higher than common urea or compound fertilizer, simultaneously because
The disposable total amount for applying slow/controlled release fertilizer is larger, and cost of labor is suitable with split application, and fertilizer efficiency release needs fertilizer with Rice Physiological
It cannot fit like a glove, no yield heterosis, so not having the market competitiveness also currently.
The featured wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice crop field fertilizing method of current northern Suzhou each city's agricultural technology spread department, Shi Chun N total amount are
20kg/667m2Left and right, base fetilizer for tillering: ear manuer is planned strategies for by 6:4 or 7:3, and N:P:K=1:0.5~0.8:0.5~0.8, base manure is whole
It is applied when ground, tillering fertilizer 5~7d and 10~12d application after cultivation, and admix that herbicide is even to be spread in primary tiller fertilizer,
Reach and eliminate effect, during which add balance fertilizer in right amount depending on group size, ear manuer is applied in three and two leaf equivalent, and crop field is whole
Fertilising 5 times or so.This scheme and Rice Physiological need fertile period fit like a glove, and can achieve the purpose that safe high yield, but there is also
Three problems:
1) common peasant household determines the leaf age period of machine transplanting of rice rice without forensic science mostly, implements more difficult；
2) field of rice wheat straw total crop return, straw decomposition to later period discharge nitrogen nutrition throughout the year, and two foliar sprays are protected
Fertilizers for potted flowers easily leads to that group is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing or even lodging, and rice cannot harvest in time, cause times to be postponed, it is rich to influence the anniversary
It produces；
3) fertilizer application frequency is on the high side, is not able to achieve abridged edition and efficiently applies fertilizer.
As can be seen that lacking a kind of abridged edition Efficient fertilization method of suitable North Jiangsu Area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention mentions to overcome existing defect complex for wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice fertilization mode, higher cost
A kind of fertilizing method suitable for wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice is supplied, this method is conducive to improve the yield and fertilizer of wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice
Expect utilization rate, at low cost, easily operated and popularization.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of fertilizing methods suitable for wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice, comprising the following steps:
(1) ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties in choosing carry out strong seedling and cultivate, obtain rice seedling to be planted；
(2) after Wheat Straw total crop return, 0~3d applies base manure, site preparation to plot to be transplanted seedlings before cultivation；
The base manure includes 15~25kg/667m of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2With 5~10kg/667m of urea2；
(3) 8~12d applies tillering fertilizer after rice seedling to be planted is planted；The tillering fertilizer is 10~15kg/ of urea
667m2；
(4) 50~55d after 45~50d or Japonica rice rice varieties are planted after ripe moderate japonica rice kind is planted in, applies ear manuer；
The ear manuer includes 12.5~20kg/667m of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2With 7.5~10kg/667m of urea2。
Preferably, in the step (1), 90% or more germination percentage, spike number 20~240,000/667m are selected2, number of grain per ear
Ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties in 120~140,85% or more setting percentage and 25~28g of mass of 1000 kernel.
Preferably, in the step (1), in ripe moderate japonica rice kind include even round-grained rice 11 or military fortune round-grained rice 24, Japonica rice
Rice varieties include southern round-grained rice 9108.
Preferably, in the step (1), the standard of seedling is strengthened are as follows: 15~20d of the length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 3.0~4.0, white root 10~
13 with, hundred 5~6g of plant dry weight, leaf color jade green is disease-free pityriasis simplex.
Preferably, in the step (2), the standard of site preparation are as follows: difference in height≤3cm, mud is uniformly mixed and stalk is without heap
Cumuliformis state.
Preferably, in the step (3), the plantation of the rice seedling to be planted includes:
The step (1) is strengthened the rice seedling that seedling obtains to transplant according to seeding row spacing 25~30cm × 11~13cm specification
Plot to be planted to step (2) site preparation, every 2~3 seedling of cave, planting density reach 7~100,000 plants/667m2。
It preferably, further include applying after the rice seedling plantation to be planted, before applying tillering fertilizer in the step (3)
The step of with herbicide；
The herbicide includes the 70~100g of pretilachlor and quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume of quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume 50%
10% 10~15g/667m of bensulfuron-methyl2。
Preferably, the administration time of the herbicide is 0~2d after planting.
It preferably, further include that crop field water slurry is carried out to cultural area after rice seedling transplanting in step (2)~(4)
Management and disease pest and weed prevention and treatment.
Preferably, the N P and K mass ratio in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 15:15:15.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
1) nitrogen fertilizer application total amount is few: the nitrogen application total amount of the fertilizing method provided by the invention suitable for wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice
In 17~20kg/667m2, averagely reduce 3~11kg/667m2 compared with the nitrogenous fertilizer total amount of peasant household's habit application, significantly reduce
Material Cost；
2) fertilizer application frequency is controlled, reduce the amount of labour used: fertilizing method of the present invention only needs to carry out to apply fertilizer three times:
1. under conditions of Wheat Straw total crop return, transplanting preceding 0~3d in rice seedling and applying base manure；
2. in rear 8~12d, i.e., rice shoot turn green living, root system is when having stronger fertilizer sucting ability, conventional fertilizer application is needed 2 times
The tiller given point is disposable to be applied, and stronger feeder capability is provided, and be can promote population tiller outburst, is reached expected seedling immediately
Number, while group can grow big tiller and strong tiller, put up group's framework of machine transplanting of rice japonica rice high yield；
3. the different characteristics of ripe and slow boiled water rice varieties in, 45~50d or 50~55d are after cultivation respectively, i.e., in
It is ripe or ripe machine transplanting of rice japonica rice group enters physiology and needs fertile peak period late, it is that group grows up critical period of fringe, big grain at this time, the present invention
Enough ear manuer is disposably applied at this moment, can attack big fringe and big grain, and the later period meets seed by the nutrition of straw decomposition release
Grouting demand not only reduces ear manuer application times, and can effectively prevent the risk that group is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing and lodges；
Compared with conventional peasant household's fertilization mode, fertilizing method of the present invention at least can reduce 1~2 fertilising, effectively
Reduce fertilizer application frequency, reduces the amount of labour used；
3) improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, improve rice yield: conventional rice plants more empiric fertilizations, for pressing Leaf-Age-Period and group
The problem of fertilizer practice grasp that body growing way carries out is insufficient, generally existing big loose water, fertilizer outflows with water seriously, utilization rate of fertilizer
It is not high, cause ultimate output difficulty to have breakthrough.Fertilizing method provided by the invention is clear to apply fertilizer three times on the basis of subtracting nitrogenous fertilizer
It is the specific period, scientific and effective to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, meet the rice uptake characters of physiological period, thus significantly
Improve the yield of wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice；
4) fertilization time is clear, easy to operate: when the present invention needs fertilizer crucial for the physiology of large area wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice
Phase and the critical period it is corresponding transplant seedlings after number of days (period), provided specifically according to the nutrient uptake feature of physiological period
Fertilising opportunity, method is easy-to-understand, and common peasant household is easy to learn, and operation possibility is strong；
For fertilizing method of the present invention on the basis of reducing nitrogen fertilizer amount, rice cropping whole process only needs fertilising 3 times, overcomes
Dose is high, fertilizing time is difficult to the problem held, fertilizer application frequency is excessive, also efficiently solves the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe lodging of group later period and leads
Harvest time of cause postpones and wheat is unable to the problem of proper seeding, final effectively high northern Suzhou wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice yield water
It is flat, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is substantially increased, is efficiently planted for annual high-yield flat and establishes solid foundation.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of fertilizing methods suitable for wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice, comprising the following steps:
(1) ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties in choosing carry out strong seedling and cultivate, obtain rice seedling to be planted；
(2) after Wheat Straw total crop return, 0~3d applies base manure, site preparation to plot to be transplanted seedlings before cultivation；
The base manure includes 15~25kg/667m of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2With 5~10kg/667m of urea2；
(3) 8~12d applies tillering fertilizer after rice seedling to be planted is planted；The tillering fertilizer is 10~15kg/ of urea
667m2；
(4) 50~55d after 45~50d or Japonica rice rice varieties are planted after ripe moderate japonica rice kind is planted in, applies ear manuer；
The ear manuer includes 12.5~20kg/667m of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2With 7.5~10kg/667m of urea2。
Fertilizing method of the present invention for wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice plant the case where and propose, the specific wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice
Therefore not to repeat here for mode, carries out according to the method for wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice known in the art.
Ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties in present invention selection carry out strong seedling and cultivate, obtain rice seedling to be planted
Seedling.Ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties are because being limited to North Jiangsu Area rice season temperature light resource and rice in present invention selection
The condition that the wheat anniversary gets bumper crops influences.
In the present invention, ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties preferably select 90% or more germination percentage and fringe in described
The rice varieties of the compatible high yield and high quality of grain；The rice varieties of the compatible high yield and high quality of fringe grain should meet claimed below: fringe
Number 20~240,000/667m2, number of grain per ear 120~140,85% or more setting percentage and 25~28g of mass of 1000 kernel.
In the present invention, ripe moderate japonica rice kind includes but is not limited to connect round-grained rice 11 or military fortune round-grained rice 24 in described, it is ripe late in
Round-grained rice rice varieties include but is not limited to southern round-grained rice 9108.The present invention is also an option that other meet ripe moderate japonica rice in above-mentioned requirements
Or Japonica rice rice.
In the present invention, the rice seedling for carrying out obtaining after the strong seedling preferably meets following standard: the length of time rice seedlings grow 15~
20d, leaf age 3.0~4.0, white root 10~13, hundred 5~6g of plant dry weight, leaf color jade green is disease-free pityriasis simplex.The present invention is to specific
Strong seedling method is not particularly limited, using the strong seedling mode of science known in the art.
The present invention treat transplant seedlings plot carry out Wheat Straw total crop return after, before cultivation 0~3d to plot to be transplanted seedlings apply base
Fertilizer, site preparation.The present invention applies base manure under conditions of Wheat Straw returning full day, and according to the requirement of " put down, paste, net " to application base
The plot of fertilizer carries out site preparation, is transplanted with the rice seedling after strengthening seedling.
Base manure of the present invention includes 15~25kg/667m of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2With 5~10kg/667m of urea2.In this hair
In bright, the application time of the base manure preferably plants preceding 1~2d.
In the present invention, the general requirement of the site preparation is to reach the standard of " put down, paste, is net ", i.e. difference in height≤3cm, mud
Slurry is uniformly mixed and stalk is without stacking states.
After the completion of site preparation, the present invention 8~12d after rice seedling to be planted is planted applies tillering fertilizer；The tillering fertilizer is
10~15kg/667m of urea2.The present invention can plant the rice seedling to be planted after the completion of site preparation.After plantation preferably
Further include the steps that herbicide spraying.
In the present invention, the plantation of rice seedling to be planted includes: preferably by rice seedling to be planted according to strain
Line-spacing 25~30cm × 11~13cm specification transplants the plot to be planted to site preparation, every 2~3 seedling of cave, and planting density reaches 7
~10 ten thousand plants/667m2。
In the present invention, the herbicide preferably includes the 70~100g of pretilachlor and quality of mass-volume concentration 50%
10~15g/667m of bensulfuron-methyl of volumetric concentration 10%2.In the present invention, the herbicide sprays after preferably being diluted with water
It applies；It is furthermore preferred that the dosage of water is preferably 15~20kg/667m when the dilution2.In the present invention, the herbicide is applied
0~2d after preferably being planted with the time, 1d after more preferably planting.
After transplanting rice rice shoot, the present invention 8~12d after cultivation applies tillering fertilizer；The tillering fertilizer is 10~15kg/ of urea
667m2.Tillering fertilizer of the present invention applies opportunity and correspond to rice shoot and turns green living period, and root system has stronger suction fertilizer energy at this time
Power, it is only necessary to apply primary tillering fertilizer, reduce fertilizer application frequency；It may additionally facilitate population tiller outburst, reach expected seedling number in time,
Group can grow big tiller and strong tiller, provide strong group's framework to improve the yield of machine transplanting of rice japonica rice.In the present invention, described point
The fertilization time of fetilizer for tillering is preferably 10d.
After applying tillering fertilizer, the present invention in plant after ripe moderate japonica rice kind cultivation by 45~50d or Japonica rice rice varieties
50~55d afterwards applies ear manuer.The present invention apply ear manuer opportunity be in it is ripe or ripe machine transplanting of rice japonica rice group enters physiology and needs fertilizer high late
The peak phase is that group grows up critical period of fringe, big grain at this time, and the present invention disposably applies enough ear manuer at this moment, can attack big
Fringe and big grain, later period meet seed crucial requirement by the nutrition of straw decomposition release, not only reduce ear manuer application times, and
The risk that group is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing and lodges can effectively be prevented.In the present invention, ripe moderate japonica rice applies the time of ear manuer in described
Preferably 46~48d；The time that the Japonica rice rice applies ear manuer is preferably 52~54d.
Fertilizing method of the present invention preferably cooperates the field management of science, and the field management includes but is not limited to
Crop field water starch management and disease pest and weed prevention and treatment.In the present invention, the crop field water starch management whole process is based on moisture management, seedling stage
Dry field avoids primary solarization large fracture based on repeatedly gently putting；Such as continuous rainy days, it should be lacked in discharge outlet Jianping water, make sure to keep in mind anxious row
It is anxious to fill, it is outflowed with water to prevent fertilizer.Specifically, moisture management of the present invention includes: that field is always maintained at 2~3cm shoaling layer, shield
Seedling living, hereafter field does not occur obvious water shortage status.In the present invention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is mainly with seedling stage and ear period two
A key control period, whole process is based on green prevention and control.
In the present invention, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer used when above-mentioned fertilising be preferably the mass percentage of N-P-K for
The compound fertilizer of 15%-15%-15%；Nitrogen element content is preferably 42~48% in the urea used when above-mentioned fertilising, more preferably
It is 46%.
Technical solution provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but they cannot be understood
For limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) ripe moderate japonica rice kind connects round-grained rice 11 in selection, kind germination percentage 95%, spike number 20~230,000/667m2, often
Grain number per spike 120~130, setting percentage 93% or so, mass of 1000 kernel 26g；
(2) it cultivates and standardizes strong seedling, the rice shoot length of time rice seedlings grow of cultivation is 18d, leaf age 3.5, white root 11.3, hundred plant dry weights
5.4g, rice shoot leaf color jade green is disease-free pityriasis simplex；
(3) Wheat Straw total crop return, stalk length about 7cm, even paving crop field；2d applies compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%- before planting
15%-15%) 20kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 7.5kg/667m2；Crop field site preparation totally reaches wanting for " putting down, paste, is net "
It asks, i.e. crop field difference of height about 2.6cm, mud is uniformly mixed, and stalk is without stacking states；
(4) seedling is strengthened in the standardization cultivated in optional step (2), is that 30cm × 12cm plants specification transplanting by seeding row spacing,
Plant 4.5 seedlings, crop field Basic Seedling about 8.3 ten thousand/667m in every cave2；0d after cultivation, every 667m2Crop field adds 10% with 50% pretilachlor 75g
Bensulfuron-methyl 10g is watered 20kg even spraying and eliminates；
(5) 10d applies tillering fertilizer after planting, and disposably applies urea (N, 46%) 12.5kg/667m2, 45d is primary after cultivation
Property apply compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 12.5kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 7.5kg/667m2；
(6) based on moisture management, enough seedling stage dry fields divide 2 times gently to be put crop field water slurry whole process, is put field to foot is not fallen into, is met continuous
It is lacked in discharge outlet Jianping water rainy days, avoids the anxious filling of anxious row, anti-fertilizer outflows with water；Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control emphasis catches seedling stage and ear period 2
A key control period, whole process is based on green prevention and control.
Embodiment 2
(1) Japonica rice rice varieties south round-grained rice 9108, kind germination percentage 96%, spike number 22~240,000/667m are selected2, often
Grain number per spike 125~140, setting percentage 91% or so, mass of 1000 kernel 27g or so；
(2) it cultivates and standardizes strong seedling.The rice shoot length of time rice seedlings grow of cultivation be 20d, leaf age 3.8, white root 12.5, hundred plant dry weights
5.8g, rice shoot leaf color jade green is disease-free pityriasis simplex；
(3) Wheat Straw total crop return, stalk length about 6cm, even paving crop field；3d applies compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%- before planting
15%-15%) 25kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 5.0kg/667m2；Crop field site preparation totally reaches flat, paste, net requirement,
That is crop field difference of height about 2.0cm, mud are uniformly mixed, and stalk is without stacking states；
(4) seedling is strengthened in the standardization cultivated in optional step (2), is that 30cm × 12.3cm plants specification shifting by seeding row spacing
It plants, 4.0 seedlings, crop field Basic Seedling about 7.2 ten thousand/667m are planted in every cave2；1d after cultivation, every 667m2Crop field is added with 50% pretilachlor 80g
10% bensulfuron-methyl 15g is watered 18kg even spraying and eliminates；
(5) 11 days application tillering fertilizers after planting disposably apply urea (N, 46%) 13kg/667m2, 53d is primary after cultivation
Property apply compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 15kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 10kg/667m2；
(6) based on moisture management, enough seedling stage dry fields divide 4 times gently to be put crop field water slurry whole process, is put field to foot is not fallen into, is met continuous
It is lacked in discharge outlet Jianping water rainy days, avoids the anxious filling of anxious row, anti-fertilizer outflows with water；Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control emphasis catches seedling stage and ear period 2
A key control period, should be based on green prevention and control.
Embodiment 3
(1) selection Japonica rice rice varieties force transports round-grained rice 24, kind germination percentage 93%, spike number 23~250,000/667m2, often
Grain number per spike 126~130, setting percentage 90% or so, mass of 1000 kernel 26g or so；
(2) it cultivates and standardizes strong seedling.The rice shoot length of time rice seedlings grow of cultivation be 17d, leaf age 3.2, white root 12.3, hundred plant dry weights
5.1g, rice shoot leaf color jade green is disease-free pityriasis simplex；
(3) Wheat Straw total crop return, stalk length about 5cm, even paving crop field；1d applies compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%- before planting
15%-15%) 15kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 10.0kg/667m2；Crop field site preparation totally reaches wanting for " putting down, paste, is net "
It asks, i.e. crop field difference of height about 2.4cm, mud is uniformly mixed, and stalk is without stacking states；
(4) seedling is strengthened in the standardization cultivated in optional step (2), is that 30cm × 11.7cm plants specification shifting by seeding row spacing
It plants, 4.3 seedlings, crop field Basic Seedling about 8.2 ten thousand/667m are planted in every cave2；2d after cultivation, every 667m2Crop field is added with 50% pretilachlor 85g
10% bensulfuron-methyl 12g is watered 19kg even spraying and eliminates；
(5) 12d applies tillering fertilizer after planting, and disposably applies urea (N, 46%) 13kg/667m2, 52d is disposable after cultivation
Apply compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 20kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 8kg/667m2；
(6) based on moisture management, enough seedling stage dry fields divide 3 times gently to be put crop field water slurry whole process, is put field to foot is not fallen into, is met continuous
It is lacked in discharge outlet Jianping water rainy days, avoids the anxious filling of anxious row, anti-fertilizer outflows with water；Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control emphasis catches seedling stage and ear period 2
A key control period, whole process is based on green prevention and control.
Comparative example 1
The rice varieties of selection, cultivation standardization strengthen seedling, select crop field and plant specification in the same manner as in Example 1, product
Kind is even round-grained rice 11, and transplanting field is that the field selected in embodiment 1 is divided into two, wherein 1/2 is efficient using section nitrogen of the invention
Fertilizing method management, another 1/2 uses the management of peasant household's conventional fertilization method, and ridge building coating is isolated between two fields.
Peasant household's conventional fertilization method was transplanted in premature rice on May 29th, 2016, rice shoot June 18, and 2d application is compound before planting
Fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 25kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 5kg/667m2, according to the requirement of " put down, paste, net "
Whole good crop field, while every 667m2Crop field is watered 30kg even spraying with 50% butachlor ec 120ml and closes down.By seeding row spacing
Specification transplanting is planted for 30cm × 12cm, 4.5 seedlings, crop field Basic Seedling about 8.3 ten thousand/667m are planted in every cave2；5d application first after cultivation
Secondary tillering fertilizer applies urea (N, 46%) 10kg/667m2, and admix that 10% bensulfuron-methyl 25g is even to be spread, 15d application second after cultivation
Secondary tillering fertilizer applies urea (N, 46%) 10kg/667m2, 32d application promotees fertilizers for potted flowers compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%-15%- after cultivation
15%) 20kg/667m2, fertilizers for potted flowers urea (N, 46%) 15kg/667m is protected in 50d application after cultivation2。
Comparative example 2
The kind of selection, the strong seedling of the standardization cultivated, the crop field of arrangement and in the same manner as in Example 2, kind of planting specification
For southern round-grained rice 9108, transplanting field is that good field whole in embodiment 2 is divided into two, wherein 1/2 is efficient using present invention section nitrogen
Fertilizing method management, another 1/2 uses the management of peasant household's conventional fertilization method, and ridge building coating is isolated between two fields.
Peasant household's conventional method, in premature rice on May 28th, 2017, rice shoot was transplanted June 20.3d applies compound fertilizer before planting
(N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 30kg/667m2, according to the whole good crop field of requirement of " flat, paste, net ", while every 667m2Crop field
20kg even spraying is watered with 50% butachlor ec 100ml to close down.Specification transplanting, every cave are planted according to 30cm × 12.3cm
Plant 4.0 seedlings, crop field Basic Seedling about 7.2 ten thousand/667m2；10d applies tillering fertilizer after cultivation, disposably applies urea (N, 46%)
20kg/667m2, and admix that 10% bensulfuron-methyl 30g is even to be spread, 30d application promotees balance fertilizer after cultivation, disposably apply urea (N,
46%) 10kg/667m2, 45d application promotees fertilizers for potted flowers compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 20kg/667m after cultivation2Add
7.5kg/667m2 urea, fertilizers for potted flowers urea (N, 46%) 5kg/667m is protected in 55d application after cultivation2。
Comparative example 3
The kind of selection, the strong seedling of the standardization cultivated, the crop field of arrangement and in the same manner as in Example 3, kind of planting specification
For force fortune round-grained rice 24, transplanting field is that good field whole in embodiment 2 is divided into two, wherein 1/2 is high using present invention section nitrogen
Fertilizing method management is imitated, another 1/2 uses the management of peasant household's conventional fertilization method, and ridge building coating is isolated between two fields.
Peasant household's conventional method, in premature rice on May 26th, 2017, rice shoot was transplanted June 16.1d applies compound fertilizer before planting
(N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 15kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 10kg/667m2, according to the requirement of " put down, paste, net "
Whole good crop field, while every 667m2Crop field is watered 30kg even spraying with 50% butachlor ec 110ml and closes down.According to 30cm
×× 11.7cm plants specification transplanting, and 4.3 seedlings, crop field Basic Seedling about 8.2 ten thousand/667m are planted in every cave2；10d applies tiller after cultivation
Fertilizer disposably applies urea (N, 46%) 15kg/667m2, and admix that 10% bensulfuron-methyl 30g is even to be spread, 26d application promotees flat after cultivation
Weighing apparatus fertilizer, disposably applies compound fertilizer (N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 10kg/667m2, 43d application promotees fertilizers for potted flowers compound fertilizer after cultivation
(N-P-K, 15%-15%-15%) 20kg/667m2Add urea (N, 46%) 5kg/667m2, fertilizers for potted flowers urea is protected in 55d application after cultivation
(N, 46%) 10kg/667m2。
Embodiment 1 and control 1 are respectively 9 mu, and embodiment 2 and control 2 are respectively 8 mu, and embodiment 3 and control 3 are respectively
11 mu.Experiment investigation content is mu spike number, number of grain per ear, setting percentage, real production, nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency, the results are shown in Table 1.
Influence of the 1 Different Fertilization method of table to wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency
Conclusion: by comparing discovery, embodiment 1 has bright compared with peasant household's conventional fertilizer application (comparative example 1) on applying nitrogen total amount
Aobvious decline, by 25.2kg/667m2It is reduced to 17.5kg/667m2, reduce 7.7kg/667m2Purity nitrogen；It is compound on fertilizer application amount
Fertile dosage reduces 12.5kg/667m2, 7.5kg/ mus of urea reduction；On fertilizer application frequency, totally 3 fertilisings, peasant household are normal for embodiment 1
Rule fertilising is 5 times；The relatively control 1 of embodiment 1 is real to produce high 56.55kg/667m2, spike number lacks 0.88 ten thousand fringes/667m2, number of grain per ear increase
Add 12.96, setting percentage is high 2.14%, the high 0.1g of mass of 1000 kernel, final nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency is high by 25.25%.
Embodiment 2 significantly decreases, by 27.1kg/ compared with peasant household's conventional fertilizer application (comparative example 2) on applying nitrogen total amount
667m2It is reduced to 18.9kg/667m2, reduce 8.2kg/667m2Purity nitrogen；On fertilizer application amount, composite fertilizer's consumption reduces 10kg/
667m2, 14.5kg/ mus of urea reduction；On fertilizer application frequency, totally 3 fertilisings, peasant household's conventional fertilizer application (comparative example 2) are embodiment 2
5 times；The relatively control 2 of embodiment 2 is real to produce high 57.94kg/667m2, spike number lacks 0.95 ten thousand fringes/667m per acre2, number of grain per ear increase
11.61, setting percentage is high 1.04%, the high 0.36g of mass of 1000 kernel, final nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency is high by 18.18%.
Embodiment 3 significantly decreases, by 25.2kg/ compared with peasant household's conventional fertilizer application (comparative example 3) on applying nitrogen total amount
667m2It is reduced to 19kg/667m2, reduce 6.2kg/667m2Purity nitrogen；On fertilizer application amount, composite fertilizer's consumption reduces 10kg/667m2,
Urea reduces 9kg/667m2；On fertilizer application frequency, totally 3 fertilisings of embodiment 3, peasant household's conventional fertilizer application (comparative example 3) is 5 times；It is real
Apply the real high 72.64kg/667m of production of the relatively control 3 of example 32, spike number lacks 1.23 ten thousand fringes/667m2, number of grain per ear increase by 13.83, it is solid
Rate is high 1.82%, the high 0.89g of mass of 1000 kernel, and final nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency is high by 16.72%.
It analyzes known to group's stem--tiller dynamics of different fertilization (table 2), it is equal from (N-n) phase to maturity period group's stem tiller number
It is higher than Examples 1 to 3 field with peasant household's habit (comparative example 1~3), Examples 1 to 3 shows same trend, it is seen that peasant household's habit
Fertilising may finally realize higher group's spike number, but the final percentage of earbearing tiller of group is in opposite trend, fertilizing method of the present invention
The percentage of earbearing tiller of (Examples 1 to 3) is higher than peasant household's habit (comparative example 1~3), high by 19.21%~22.60%.
2 different fertilization of table influences machine-transplanted rice group stem--tiller dynamics
(N-n) phase and jointing stage, group LAI are in that peasant household's habit is higher than section nitrogen efficiently (table 3), and heading stage to maturity period
It shows as method shown in Examples 1 to 3 and is higher than comparative example 1~3 (peasant household's habit), the heading of fertilizer treatment shown in Examples 1 to 3
Phase LAI reaches 7.25~7.76, and comparative example 1~3 (peasant household's habit) is 6.53~7.03, and the efficient LAI of maturity period nitrogen still reaches
To 3.0 or more.
3 different disposal of table influences machine-transplanted rice group LAI
Group's dry matter variation tendency is similar to LAI (table 4), and (N-n) phase and jointing stage show as 1~3 (peasant household of comparative example
Habit) accumulation of field substance is higher, and heading stage to maturity period higher, the maturity period embodiment 1 that shows as Examples 1 to 3 field
~3 dry-matter accumulation amounts are high by 9.13%~12.34% compared with comparative example 1~3 (peasant household's habit) field.
4 different disposal of table influences machine-transplanted rice matter production
It analyzes known to N-uptake and use efficiency table (table 5), Examples 1 to 3 applies fertilizer field nitrogen accumulation total amount higher than comparative example 1
~3 (peasant household's habits), up to 15.22~15.86kg/667m2, it is accustomed to compared with peasant household high by 3.46%~7.23%.Nitrogen agronomy utilizes
Wilfully force of labor, nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and nitrogen physiological use efficiency are that Examples 1 to 3 is higher than comparative example 1~3 for rate, nitrogenous fertilizer
Fertilization mode, wherein the nitrogen utilization efficiency of Examples 1 to 3 fertilization mode is up to 43.96%~45.37%, it is seen then that it is total that nitrogen is applied in reduction
Amount, simplifies fertilizer application frequency, and science is planned strategies for fertilization time, not only increases group's nitrogen accumulation amount, and greatly improve fertilizer benefit
With rate.
5 different disposal of table is to machine-transplanted rice Nitrogen Absorption and the influence utilized
From net output (difference of the output value and materiality expense) and net earnings (net output deducts artificial and mechanical work expense)
From the point of view of, the field net output of Examples 1 to 3 is respectively 1703.89,1739.80,1671.40 yuan/667m2, net earnings is respectively
1172.79,1175.90,1113.00 yuan/667m2, the net output and net earnings average value of Examples 1 to 3 are respectively compared with comparative example 1
~3 high 18.95% and 30.02%.
Seen in sum up, compared with peasant household's habits fertilization technology, the fertilizing method output value provided by the invention is higher, production cost
Low, final net output and net earnings are obviously high.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fertilizing method suitable for wheat stubble machine transplanting of rice japonica rice, comprising the following steps:
(1) ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties in choosing carry out strong seedling and cultivate, obtain rice seedling to be planted；
(2) after Wheat Straw total crop return, 0~3d applies base manure, site preparation to plot to be transplanted seedlings before cultivation；
The base manure includes 15~25kg/667m of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2With 5~10kg/667m of urea2；
(3) 8~12d applies tillering fertilizer after rice seedling to be planted is planted；The tillering fertilizer is 10~15kg/667m of urea2；
(4) 50~55d after 45~50d or Japonica rice rice varieties are planted after ripe moderate japonica rice kind is planted in, applies ear manuer；
The ear manuer includes 12.5~20kg/667m of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer2With 7.5~10kg/667m of urea2。
2. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (1), select germination percentage 90% with
Upper, spike number 20~240,000/667m2, number of grain per ear 120~140, in 85% or more setting percentage and 25~28g of mass of 1000 kernel
Ripe middle round-grained rice or Japonica rice rice varieties.
3. fertilizing method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in the step (1), in ripe moderate japonica rice product
Kind includes that even round-grained rice 11 or military fortune round-grained rice 24, Japonica rice rice varieties include southern round-grained rice 9108.
4. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (1), strengthen the standard of seedling are as follows: the length of time rice seedlings grow
15~20d, leaf age 3.0~4.0, white root 10~13, hundred 5~6g of plant dry weight, leaf color jade green is disease-free pityriasis simplex.
5. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (2), the standard of site preparation are as follows: height
Difference≤3cm, mud is uniformly mixed and stalk is without stacking states.
6. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3), the rice seedling to be planted
The plantation of seedling includes:
The step (1) is strengthened the rice seedling that seedling is cultivated to transplant according to seeding row spacing 25~30cm × 11~13cm specification
Plot to be planted to step (2) site preparation, every 2~3 seedling of cave, planting density reach 7~100,000 plants/667m2。
7. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (3), the rice seedling to be planted
After seedling plantation, before application tillering fertilizer, further include the steps that applying herbicide；
The herbicide includes the 70~100g of pretilachlor and quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume 10% of quality concentration expressed in percentage by volume 50%
10~15g/667m of bensulfuron-methyl2。
8. fertilizing method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the administration time of the herbicide is 0~2d after planting.
9. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2)~(4), rice seedling transplanting
It afterwards, further include that crop field water starch management and disease pest and weed prevention and treatment are carried out to cultural area.
10. fertilizing method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the N P and K quality in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
Than for 15:15:15.
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