CN103329696A - Cultivation method of broad beans - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of broad beans, which comprises the following steps of selecting and using a fine variety, selecting appropriate rotation crops, preparing soil well, applying a base fertilizer sufficiently, seeding, strengthening field management and harvesting. The cultivation method is simple, is suitable for large-scale cultivation, treats in a critical stage of growth and development of the broad beans, and comprehensively cultivates the broad beans by combining cultivation measures such as the scientific and reasonable fertilizer and the appropriate planting density, so that a yield of the broad beans is increased greatly, the quality is improved obviously, and contents of amino acid, a vitamin B and carotene are increased obviously.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of broad bean

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of broad bean, belong to the planting technology field.

Background technology

Broad bean is year or annual herb more, high 30-180cm, and stem is upright, and branch does not have hair, the even number winglike compound leaf; Stipule is big, half arrow shaped, and edge white is membranous, and tool is dredged sawtooth, does not have hair, and rachis top tool degraded-volume must; Leaflet 2-6 piece, blade ellipse or oval are extremely microscler, long 4-8cm, and wide 2.5-4cm, tip is circular or blunt, tool apicule, base portion wedge shape, full edge; The sharp stomach and intestine of broad bean master are drained, and are in harmonious proportion the vital organs of the human body, and the effect of the internal organs of taking good care of is arranged, at present, and problem such as the method for plantation broad bean is a lot, yields poorly but run into mostly, and damage by disease and insect is many, and the soil nutrient composition is low.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of broad bean.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

The cultivation method of broad bean may further comprise the steps:

(1), selects improved seeds for use: select the big grain type broad bean kind that glossiness is good, quality is good, output is high, disease resistance is strong;

(2), select suitable crops for rotation: the preceding stubble of broad bean is best with corn, paddy, wheat;

(3), put in order ground, use sufficient base fertilizer: early spring, the top slurry was beaten the ridge, keep soil moisture content, in conjunction with whole ground organic fertilizer 10-12 ton/hectare, expanded chicken manure 50-60 kg/ha, iron ore slag 27-30 kg/ha, diammonium phosphate 130-150 kg/ha, humus 8-10 kg/ha, seawood meal 30-40 kg/ha, multielement slow-release fertilizer 10-20 kg/ha, potassium sulphate 40-50 kg/ha;

Described multielement slow-release fertilizer prepares by the following method:

Take by weighing the raw material of following weight portion: kaolin 80-85, nano-carbon powder 0.1-0.2, grape vine powder 12-14, oil foot 4-6, sodium metasilicate 2-3, silane coupler KH550 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 1-2, ammonium molybdate 2-3, zinc sulphate 1-2, brown sugar 1-2, urea 5-6, copper sulphate 1-2, potassium chloride 1-2, clay 5-8, with ferrous sulfate, sodium selenite, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulphate, brown sugar, urea, copper sulphate, potassium chloride, clay is added to the water dissolving, stir into mud, be heated to 80-90 ℃ again, add the sodium metasilicate dissolving, add kaolin again, nano-carbon powder, the grape vine powder, oil foot stirs the mud shape, add the silane coupler pugging at last, granulation, oven dry namely.

(4), begin sowing in good time: the minimum temperature that broad bean germinates is 7-8 ℃, and optimum germination temperature is 13-18 ℃, sows in 3-4 month, and field sowing ground temperature should be stabilized in more than 14 ℃;

(5), enhance field management:

A) thinning, final singling and intertillage: thinning in time after seedling all sprouts, the first compound leaf phase final singling, stay strong sprout, seedlings, pull out weak seedling, the back shovel for the first time in conjunction with thinning of emerging weeded and loosen the soil, will weed and loosen the soil deeply and put soil less, prevent from pressing seedling, shovel is weeded and loosen the soil and was carried out the intertillage second time in back about 10 days for the first time, carry out the ridging ridging in conjunction with weeding before blooming, the later stage is pulled out once big grass;

B) control aphid damage: often arrive field examination vegetative period, aphid is taken place in time prevent and treat with 800～1200 times of liquid of 40% flolimat;

C) spray foliage fertilizer: pod bearing period, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and concentration is 0.3-0.4%,

(6), results: the broad bean maturing stage is inconsistent, and the results short-term should be grasped in the field when most of plant have 2/3 pod flavescence, and in time results are spent evening and easily split pod, and the harvesting back is field airing 2～3 days, threshing immediately after retracting.

Advantage of the present invention:

Cultivation method of the present invention is simple, be fit to extensive cultivation, handle at the critical stage that broad bean grows, and in conjunction with scientific and rational fertilizer, suitable cultivation steps such as planting density are comprehensively cultivated, the output of broad bean is improved greatly, quality be improved significantly, obviously improve the content of amino acid, Cobastab and carotin.In various in the multielement slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, trace element is complete, fully adapts to the broad bean growth needs, improves yield and quality.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: the cultivation method of broad bean may further comprise the steps:

(1), selects improved seeds for use: select the big grain type broad bean kind that glossiness is good, quality is good, output is high, disease resistance is strong;

(2), select suitable crops for rotation: the preceding stubble of broad bean is best with corn, paddy, wheat;

(3), put in order ground, use sufficient base fertilizer: early spring, the top slurry was beaten the ridge, keep soil moisture content, in conjunction with 11 tons/hectare of whole ground organic fertilizers, expanded chicken manure 55 kg/ha, iron ore slag 28 kg/ha, diammonium phosphate 140 kg/ha, humus 9 kg/ha, seawood meal 35 kg/ha, multielement slow-release fertilizer 15 kg/ha, potassium sulphate 45 kg/ha;

Described multielement slow-release fertilizer prepares by the following method:

Take by weighing the raw material of following weight portion (kilogram): kaolin 80, nano-carbon powder 0.2, grape vine powder 14, oil foot 4, sodium metasilicate 2, silane coupler KH550 3, ferrous sulfate 1, sodium selenite 2, ammonium molybdate 3, zinc sulphate 2, brown sugar 1, urea 6, copper sulphate 1, potassium chloride 2, clay 8, with ferrous sulfate, sodium selenite, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulphate, brown sugar, urea, copper sulphate, potassium chloride, clay is added to the water dissolving, stir into mud, be heated to 80-90 ℃ again, add the sodium metasilicate dissolving, add kaolin again, nano-carbon powder, the grape vine powder, oil foots etc. stir the mud shape, add the silane coupler pugging at last, granulation, oven dry namely.

(4), begin sowing in good time: the minimum temperature that broad bean germinates is 7-8 ℃, and optimum germination temperature is 13-18 ℃, sows in 3-4 month, and field sowing ground temperature should be stabilized in more than 14 ℃;

(5), enhance field management:

A) thinning, final singling and intertillage: thinning in time after seedling all sprouts, the first compound leaf phase final singling, stay strong sprout, seedlings, pull out weak seedling, the back shovel for the first time in conjunction with thinning of emerging weeded and loosen the soil, will weed and loosen the soil deeply and put soil less, prevent from pressing seedling, shovel is weeded and loosen the soil and was carried out the intertillage second time in back about 10 days for the first time, carry out the ridging ridging in conjunction with weeding before blooming, the later stage is pulled out once big grass;

B) control aphid damage: often arrive field examination vegetative period, aphid is taken place in time prevent and treat with 800～1200 times of liquid of 40% flolimat;

C) spray foliage fertilizer: pod bearing period, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and concentration is 0.35%,

(6), results: the broad bean maturing stage is inconsistent, and the results short-term should be grasped in the field when most of plant have 2/3 pod flavescence, and in time results are spent evening and easily split pod, and the harvesting back is field airing 2～3 days, threshing immediately after retracting.

The broad bean product that utilizes above-mentioned complex art to produce is compared with the broad bean product that usual manner is produced, and has following advantage:

?	Target level of product quality	Output	The damage by disease and insect incidence
				The present invention's cultivation	A level pollution-free food	280-320 kilogram/mu	3.5%
Conventional cultivation	Nuisanceless	230-250 kilogram/mu	15%

Claims (1)

1. the cultivation method of a broad bean is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

(1), selects improved seeds for use: select the big grain type broad bean kind that glossiness is good, quality is good, output is high, disease resistance is strong;

(2), select suitable crops for rotation: the preceding stubble of broad bean is best with corn, paddy, wheat;

(3), put in order ground, use sufficient base fertilizer: early spring, the top slurry was beaten the ridge, keep soil moisture content, in conjunction with whole ground organic fertilizer 10-12 ton/hectare, expanded chicken manure 50-60 kg/ha, iron ore slag 27-30 kg/ha, diammonium phosphate 130-150 kg/ha, humus 8-10 kg/ha, seawood meal 30-40 kg/ha, multielement slow-release fertilizer 10-20 kg/ha, potassium sulphate 40-50 kg/ha;

Described multielement slow-release fertilizer prepares by the following method:

Take by weighing the raw material of following weight portion: kaolin 80-85, nano-carbon powder 0.1-0.2, grape vine powder 12-14, oil foot 4-6, sodium metasilicate 2-3, silane coupler KH550 2-3, ferrous sulfate 1-2, sodium selenite 1-2, ammonium molybdate 2-3, zinc sulphate 1-2, brown sugar 1-2, urea 5-6, copper sulphate 1-2, potassium chloride 1-2, clay 5-8, with ferrous sulfate, sodium selenite, ammonium molybdate, zinc sulphate, brown sugar, urea, copper sulphate, potassium chloride, clay is added to the water dissolving, stir into mud, be heated to 80-90 ℃ again, add the sodium metasilicate dissolving, add kaolin again, nano-carbon powder, the grape vine powder, oil foot stirs the mud shape, add the silane coupler pugging at last, granulation, oven dry is namely;

(4), begin sowing in good time: the minimum temperature that broad bean germinates is 7-8 ℃, and optimum germination temperature is 13-18 ℃, sows in 3-4 month, and field sowing ground temperature should be stabilized in more than 14 ℃;

(5), enhance field management:

A) thinning, final singling and intertillage: thinning in time after seedling all sprouts, the first compound leaf phase final singling, stay strong sprout, seedlings, pull out weak seedling, the back shovel for the first time in conjunction with thinning of emerging weeded and loosen the soil, will weed and loosen the soil deeply and put soil less, prevent from pressing seedling, shovel is weeded and loosen the soil and was carried out the intertillage second time in back about 10 days for the first time, carry out the ridging ridging in conjunction with weeding before blooming, the later stage is pulled out once big grass;

B) control aphid damage: often arrive field examination vegetative period, aphid is taken place in time prevent and treat with 800～1200 times of liquid of 40% flolimat;

C) spray foliage fertilizer: pod bearing period, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and concentration is 0.3-0.4%,

(6), results: the broad bean maturing stage is inconsistent, and the results short-term should be grasped in the field when most of plant have 2/3 pod flavescence, and in time results are spent evening and easily split pod, and the harvesting back is field airing 2～3 days, threshing immediately after retracting.