CN115299207B - Rapid construction and long-acting retention method for suitable-growth desalination wovens in heavy saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Rapid construction and long-acting retention method for suitable-growth desalination wovens in heavy saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115299207B CN115299207B CN202210936017.2A CN202210936017A CN115299207B CN 115299207 B CN115299207 B CN 115299207B CN 202210936017 A CN202210936017 A CN 202210936017A CN 115299207 B CN115299207 B CN 115299207B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- salt
- water
- irrigation
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 title description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010110 Astragalus glycyphyllos Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000298479 Cichorium intybus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007542 Cichorium intybus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000234643 Festuca arundinacea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019714 Triticale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006677 Vicia faba Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010749 Vicia faba Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002098 Vicia faba var. major Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105017 Vicia sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000228158 x Triticosecale Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000203383 Schefflera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 14
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241000219782 Sesbania Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 240000002024 Gossypium herbaceum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000004341 Gossypium herbaceum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000100545 Lolium multiflorum Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000334160 Isatis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101150007919 Gper1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000203379 Schefflera arboricola Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006238 degradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002489 tectorial membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013014 water-saving technology Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Constructing an underground buried pipe on the severe saline-alkali soil, then arranging an subsurface interlayer on the underground buried pipe, and finally performing ground coverage; intermittent furrow irrigation and enhanced salt pressing are carried out according to a soil salt control target of a plough layer, and a suitable desalination wok layer is created; applying a composite organic material according to the soil nutrient condition, uniformly mixing the composite organic material with the plough layer soil, planting a salt-tolerant green manure, and spraying a biological full-degradable liquid mulching film; the green manure is crushed and green pressed for a proper period and returned to the field, and then conventional planting or grain manure rotation and grain bean interplanting are carried out. The method has the advantages of quick response, long-acting and stable effect, suitability for mechanized operation, strong adaptability and weak dependence on water resources, suitability for the east coast low plain saline-alkali soil with relatively rich water resources, suitability for the northwest inland saline-alkali soil with deficient water resources, and stronger applicability for large irrigation areas, oasis agricultural areas and agriculture and grazing interlaced areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali farmland improvement and fertilization, and particularly relates to a construction method of a severe saline-alkali soil desalination and fertilization plough layer, in particular to a rapid construction and long-acting maintenance method of a severe saline-alkali soil suitable desalination and fertilization layer.
Background
The method has 5.5 hundred million mu of saline-alkali soil in China, wherein about 2 hundred million mu of saline-alkali soil has agricultural utilization prospect, and the method can effectively utilize the saline-alkali soil, thereby not only improving the grain productivity in China, but also having important significance for improving the ecological environment and guaranteeing the efficient and sustainable development of agriculture.
The construction of a method for rapidly, long-term and stable treatment and utilization of the saline-alkali soil integrating engineering, agriculture and biology means, which is capable of resisting secondary degradation risks, rapidly improving soil fertility and improving water and fertilizer resource utilization rate, is always a direction and a way which are paid attention to in recent years in the field of saline-alkali soil.
Chinese invention CN202010893277.7 discloses a method for treating saline-alkali soil by combining engineering and chemical improvement on coastal saline-alkali soil, which adopts the steps of laying concealed pipes, applying soil conditioner, planting crops and the like, and on one hand, salt is rapidly reduced by engineering measures, and on the other hand, the physicochemical property of soil is improved by the soil conditioner.
The invention CN201410741683.6 discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil by engineering-chemical-biological-desalination water-saving-information technology, which discharges soluble salt in soil through engineering measures, reasonably irrigates by utilizing brackish water desalination technology and water-saving technology, carries out online detection by adopting information technology, and completes final transformation of the saline-alkali soil by utilizing biotechnology measures.
The invention CN202210029688.0 discloses a method for comprehensively improving saline-alkali soil by combining deep-buried straw and shallow-buried drip irrigation, which improves and utilizes the saline-alkali soil in a deep-ploughing manner, solves the problems that the straw is not easy to decompose after deep-ploughing, crop seeds are difficult to root and the germination rate is low, and effectively improves the crop emergence rate.
Chinese invention CN202110443286.0 discloses a three-dimensional ecological comprehensive treatment method suitable for saline-alkali soil, which improves the saline-alkali soil, increases the moisture retention, granularity and air permeability of the soil, then plants saline-alkali tolerant plants on the ground, finally adds microorganism organic compound bacterial fertilizer to the roots of crops according to the growth period of the crops, and sprays liquid bacterial fertilizer to the leaves of the crops.
The invention CN201310246611.X discloses a three-dimensional structure of a quick desalting and soil-modifying section of a new sea-shoal reclamation area saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that a buried pipe is buried at the position with the depth of 90-100 cm in the saline-alkali soil layer, a straw isolation layer with the thickness of 5-8 cm is paved at the position with the depth of 40-45 cm below the ground surface, an infiltrating irrigation capillary is paved at the position with the depth of 30-35 cm, and crushed straw and desulfurized gypsum are added into the upper soil to be uniformly mixed and backfilled.
From the aspect of the intellectual property reaction, the main method for the saline-alkali soil at present carries out salt removal through concealed pipe engineering or carries out salt isolation through cultivation measures such as straw deep burying and the like, and carries out soil improvement by combining biological measures, so that the following defects still exist: (1) The main technical parameters are imperfect, the universality is lacking, and the adaptability is poor under different saline-alkali climate zones, utilization modes and resource endowment conditions; (2) The secondary degradation of the saline-alkali soil treatment is insufficient in prevention and control, the long-acting property is insufficient, and the saline-alkali repetition is easy to occur under the condition of extreme climate or unsmooth drainage in the existing method; (3) The saline-alkali soil treatment is not organically combined with barrier reduction and fertility cultivation, the treatment and transformation efficiency is low, and coordination of the saline-alkali treatment, soil structure conditioning and nutrient capacity expansion cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved are as follows: aiming at a series of realistic problems of slow desalting process, easy repeated salinization, weak capability of resisting secondary degradation risk, low nutrient storage capacity, long fertility-enhancing period and the like of severe saline-alkali soil, the invention provides the rapid construction and long-acting maintenance method for the suitable desalination woad layer, which is applicable to severe saline-alkali soil and has the functions of rapidly eliminating obstacle and enhancing fertility, preventing and controlling secondary degradation.
The technical scheme is as follows: an adaptive desalination wok layer quick construction and long-acting retention method for heavy saline-alkali soil comprises the steps of constructing an underground buried pipe on the heavy saline-alkali soil, wherein the underground buried pipe is a single-stage water suction pipe or a two-stage device consisting of a water suction pipe and a water collection pipe, the burying depth of a mucilaginous saline-alkali soil water suction pipe is 1.0-1.2 m, the burying depth of a soil saline-alkali soil water suction pipe is 1.2-1.4 m, the burying depth of a sandy saline-alkali soil water suction pipe is 1.4-1.6 m, the gradient is 0.4-0.8 per mill, and the laying interval of the water suction pipes is 15-35 m; laying subsurface interlayer on the underground pipe, wherein the subsurface interlayer is formed byUniformly paving plant fiber materials on the ground surface, wherein the dosage is 1.0-2.5 kg/m 2 Turning and pressing to the depth of 30-40 cm below the ground surface to form a loose interlayer with the thickness of 1.5-3.0 cm; finally, performing ground coverage, wherein the ground coverage is that after green manure is applied and sowed, biological full-degradation liquid mulch raw powder is sprayed on the ground, the biological full-degradation liquid mulch raw powder is formed by mixing crop straws serving as raw materials and lignin, collagen, a surfactant and a water-retaining agent, the raw powder consumption is 15-25 kg/mu, the raw powder is uniformly sprayed on the ground after water is added, and the water addition amount is 5-6 times of the mass of the raw powder; intermittent furrow irrigation and enhanced salt pressing are carried out according to a soil salt control target of a plough layer, and a suitable desalination wok layer is created; applying a composite organic material according to the soil nutrient condition, uniformly mixing the composite organic material with the plough layer soil, planting a salt-tolerant green manure, and spraying a biological full-degradable liquid mulching film; the green manure is crushed and green pressed for a proper period and returned to the field, and then conventional planting or grain manure rotation and grain bean interplanting are carried out.
The water suction pipe is a PVC double-thread pipe with holes, and the two-stage device of the water suction pipe and the water collecting pipe is characterized in that the water collecting pipe is vertically connected in series with the water suction pipe, the buried depth of the water suction pipe is 15-30 cm lower than that of the water suction pipe at the joint, and the gradient is 0.6-0.8 per mill, so that the leaching water collected by the water suction pipe is collected and discharged through the water collecting pipe.
The specific method for strengthening the salt pressing comprises the following steps: determining the salt-washing water demand according to the initial water salt content of soil, the salt tolerance threshold value, the volume weight and the salt discharge coefficient of crops or green manure, and adopting an intermittent furrow irrigation mode to improve irrigation uniformity, strengthen salt pressing, wherein the salt-washing water demand is determined by the following steps:
wherein: IW represents the water demand of irrigation and salt washing, m 3 /hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H represents the planned salt discharge depth, namely the depth of the subsurface interlayer, cm; gamma represents soil volume weight, g/cm 3 ；θ S Represents the saturated mass water content,%; θ 0 Represents the initial mass moisture content,%; s is S 0 The salt content of the initial soil is expressed in g/kg; s is S t Indicating the salt-tolerance threshold, g/kg, of the irrigation salt-washing target, namely crops or green manure; k is salt removing systemNumber, i.e. per m 3 The salt content which can be washed out by irrigation water, kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Aiming at clay, the value of K is 10-20, loam K is 20-30, and sandy soil K is 30-40.
The intermittent furrow irrigation is to open an open furrow with the width of 20-25 cm and the height of 10-15 cm along the strip field direction at intervals of 15-20 m, so that irrigation water irrigates through the open furrow; during intermittent irrigation, the salt-washing water demand is divided into 3 times, the irrigation water demand of each time is respectively 50%, 30% and 20%, and the next irrigation is carried out after the last irrigation infiltration is completed.
The composite organic material consists of animal-derived organic fertilizer, chitin and microbial agent, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 99.6 to 99.8 portions of organic fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of chitin and 0.1 to 0.2 portion of microbial agent.
The water content of the organic fertilizer is 30-40 wt%, the organic matter content is 20-30 wt%, the nitrogen content is 0.5-1.0 wt%, and the salt content is less than or equal to 6g/kg;
the chitin is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, the content of effective substances is more than or equal to 99.5%, the deacetylation degree is more than or equal to 90%, the content of insoluble substances is less than or equal to 1%, and the content of heavy metals is less than or equal to 10ppm.
The microbial agent is prepared by mixing 45-60 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 15-25 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 35-45 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, the water content is less than or equal to 3 wt%, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g.
When the organic matter content of the plough layer soil is lower than 5g/kg, 2000-3000 kg/mu of composite organic material is applied; when the organic matter content of the plough layer soil is 5-10 g/kg, applying 1500-2000 kg/mu of composite organic material; when the organic matter content of the plough layer soil is more than 10g/kg, 800-1500 kg/mu of composite organic material is applied.
When the salt-tolerant green manure is less than or equal to 2g/kg of the soil salt control target of the cultivated layer, selecting the variety of green manure for planting alfalfa, mao She seed, milk vetch, broad bean or common vetch; when the soil salt control target of the cultivated layer is 2-3 g/kg, selecting green fertilizer varieties of sesbania, chicory, schefflera, festuca arundinacea or Meilina; and when the salt control target of the cultivated layer soil is more than 3g/kg, selecting and planting ryegrass, triticale, rape and cabbage green manure varieties.
The green manure is crushed and green-pressed for returning to the field in a proper period, and is mechanically crushed and turned over to a depth of 15-20 cm in a full bloom period with the maximum biomass.
The beneficial effects (1) are that the salt control and discharging speed is high. The method comprises the steps of constructing a three-dimensional salt control and discharge system combining underground hidden pipes, subsurface interlayer and surface coverage, controlling the underground water level by using the hidden pipes and accelerating salt discharge, creating a long-acting subsurface interlayer to break capillaries, blocking up upward accumulation of salt, and combining ground biodegradable film coverage to reduce evaporation and inhibit salt so as to form total-section resultant force of salt discharge, salt blocking and salt inhibition. (2) the carburetion and fertility improvement efficiency is high. The composite organic material with the organic fertilizer, the chitin and the microbial agent as main components is applied to serve as the original fertility of soil, the chitin and the microbial agent are used for promoting the formation of soil aggregates, the salt-tolerant green manure is returned to the field, and fresh organic fertilizer is put into a soil organic carbon warehouse for accelerating the updating, so that the dual-core driving accelerating carburetion fertilization of 'organic fertilizer and green manure' is formed. (3) high risk resistance. The constructed three-dimensional salt control and discharge structure is used for cutting off the hydraulic connection between the plough layer and soil below the subsurface layer, has the effect of singly downwards regulating and controlling the salt movement, and can resist the saline-alkali degradation risks caused by extreme climatic conditions such as short-term high-intensity rainfall, groundwater lifting, long-term drought and the like. And (4) the application range of the salt and alkali is wide. The method has the advantages of quick response, long-acting and stable effect, suitability for mechanized operation, strong adaptability and weak dependence on water resources, suitability for the east coast low plain saline-alkali soil with relatively rich water resources, suitability for the northwest inland saline-alkali soil with deficient water resources, and stronger applicability for large irrigation areas, oasis agricultural areas and agriculture and grazing interlaced areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fast structure and long-acting retention of a suitable-growth desalination woad layer of a saline-alkali soil, and a is green manure planting; b is conventional planting; c is interplanting of grain and fertilizer;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a "blind pipe + interlayer + cover" three-dimensional salt control system, wherein a blind pipes are laid; b, crushing the straw and returning the crushed straw to the field; c, creating a straw interlayer; d, cotton covering planting;
FIG. 3 dynamic variation of soil salinity for each experimental treatment profile during cotton growth;
FIG. 4 cotton plant height and leaf area index variation for each test treatment during cotton growth;
FIG. 5 soil salinity time sequence dynamics of 0-20cm for each test treatment under sesbania-wheat rotation.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the examples shown.
The fast construction and long-acting retention method for the suitable growth desalination of the water-bearing stratum in the heavy saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: firstly, laying a buried pipe and creating a subsurface interlayer in severe saline-alkali soil; then, carrying out intermittent irrigation to strengthen salt pressing according to a soil salt control target of the plough layer, and creating a suitable stable desalination plough layer; secondly, applying a certain amount of composite organic materials according to the soil nutrient condition, uniformly mixing the composite organic materials with the plough layer soil, planting salt-tolerant green manure, spraying a biological full-degradable liquid mulching film, and constructing a full-section three-dimensional long-acting salt-discharging system combining an underground buried pipe, a subsurface interlayer and a ground cover through the measures; finally, the green manure is crushed and green pressed for a proper period and returned to the field, and then conventional planting or grain manure rotation and grain bean interplanting are carried out. The underground buried pipe is specifically a single-stage water suction pipe or a two-stage water suction pipe and water collection pipe. For the single-stage suction pipe, the suction pipe is a PVC double-thread pipe with holes, the diameter is 110mm, the burying depth of the suction pipe of the clay saline-alkali soil is 1.0-1.2 m, the burying depth of the suction pipe of the soil saline-alkali soil is 1.2-1.4 m, the burying depth of the suction pipe of the sandy saline-alkali soil is 1.4-1.6 m, the gradient is 0.4-0.8 per mill, and the laying interval of the suction pipes is 15-35 m. For the 'water suction pipe and water collecting pipe' two-stage device, the water collecting pipe is vertically connected with the water suction pipe in series, the burial depth is 15-30 cm lower than that of the water suction pipe at the joint, and the gradient is 0.6-0.8 per mill, so that salt water sprayed in the water suction pipe is collected and discharged out of the area through the water collecting pipe. The establishment of the subsurface interlayer is realized by uniformly paving crop straws or other plant fiber materials on the ground surface after the laying of the concealed pipe is completed, and the dosage is 1.0-2.5 kg/m 2 The soil is turned and pressed to the depth of 30-40 cm below the ground by a turning plow to form a loose interlayer with the thickness of 1.5-3.0 cm. The intermittent furrow irrigation reinforced salt pressing method based on the soil salt control target is characterized in that the salt washing water demand is determined according to the initial water salt content of soil, the salt tolerance threshold value of crops or green manure, the volume weight, the salt discharge coefficient and the like, and the irrigation uniformity is improved by adopting an intermittent furrow irrigation mode, and the method is strongThe salt is melted and pressed, and the salt washing water demand is determined as follows:
wherein: IW represents the water demand of irrigation and salt washing, m 3 /hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H represents the planned salt discharge depth, namely the depth of the subsurface interlayer, cm; gamma represents soil volume weight, g/cm 3 ；θ S Represents the saturated mass water content,%; θ 0 Represents the initial mass moisture content,%; s is S 0 The salt content of the initial soil is expressed in g/kg; s is S t Indicating the salt-tolerance threshold, g/kg, of the irrigation salt-washing target, namely crops or green manure; k is the salt rejection coefficient, i.e. per m 3 The salt content which can be washed out by irrigation water, kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Aiming at clay, the value of K is 10-20, loam K is 20-30, and sandy soil K is 30-40. The intermittent furrow irrigation is characterized in that an open furrow with the width of 20-25 cm and the height of 10-15 cm is opened every 15-20 m along the direction of a furrow, so that irrigation water irrigates through the open furrow; during intermittent irrigation, the salt-washing water demand is divided into 3 times, the irrigation water demand of each time is respectively 50%, 30% and 20%, and the next irrigation is carried out after the last irrigation infiltration is completed. The composite organic material is specifically composed of animal source organic fertilizers such as cow dung and sheep dung, chitin and microbial agents, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 99.6 to 99.8 portions of organic fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of chitin and 0.1 to 0.2 portion of microbial agent. The organic fertilizer, the chitin and the microbial agent specifically comprise 30-40 wt.% of organic fertilizer water content, 20-30 wt.% of organic matter content, 0.5-1.0 wt.% of nitrogen content, and less than or equal to 6g/kg of salt content; sieving chitin with 100 mesh sieve, wherein the content of effective substances is more than or equal to 99.5%, the deacetylation degree is more than or equal to 90%, the content of insoluble substances is less than or equal to 1%, and the content of heavy metals is less than or equal to 10ppm; the microbial agent is prepared by mixing 45-60 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 15-25 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 35-45 parts of photosynthetic bacteria powder, the water content is less than or equal to 3 wt%, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g. The method comprises the steps of applying a certain amount of composite organic materials according to the soil nutrient condition, specifically, applying 2000-3000 kg/mu of composite organic materials when the organic matter content of the soil of a plough layer is lower than 5 g/kg; when the organic matter content of the plough layer soil is 5-10 gPer kg, 1500-2000 kg/mu of composite organic material is applied; when the organic matter content of the plough layer soil>10g/kg, and 800-1500 kg/mu of composite organic material is applied. The salt-tolerant green manure is characterized in that green manure varieties such as alfalfa, mao She seeds, milk vetch, broad beans, common vetch and the like are selected to be planted when the soil salt control target of a cultivated layer is less than or equal to 2 g/kg; when the salt control target of the soil of the cultivated layer is 2-3 g/kg, green manure varieties such as sesbania, chicory, schefflera arboricola, festuca arundinacea and the like are selected to be planted; when the soil of the plough layer is salt-controlling>3g/kg, green manure varieties such as ryegrass, triticale, rape, cabbage and the like are selected. The fully biodegradable liquid mulching film is prepared by spraying crop straw on the ground as a raw material after sowing green manure, and is formed by processing natural polymer substances such as lignin, collagen, a surfactant, a water retaining agent and the like, wherein the dosage of the fully biodegradable liquid mulching film is 15-25 kg/mu of raw powder, and the fully biodegradable liquid mulching film is uniformly sprayed on the ground after being mixed with 5-6 times of water. The full-section three-dimensional long-acting salt control and discharge system is characterized in that an underground pipe, an subsurface interlayer and a ground cover are combined to form a lower-layer underground pipe, the underground water level is controlled, salt discharge is enhanced, the interlayer in the middle layer promotes salt spraying and salt returning blocking, the upper-layer tectorial membrane inhibits ineffective evaporation, and an upper-middle-lower three-dimensional salt control and discharge structure for inhibiting salt aggregation is formed. The green manure is crushed and green-pressed for returning to the field in a proper period, specifically, the green manure is mechanically crushed in a full bloom period with the maximum biomass, the green manure is turned and pressed to a depth of 15-20 cm, and then conventional planting or grain manure rotation and grain bean interplanting are carried out.
Example 1:
coastal severe saline-alkali soil of yellow river delta. The salt content of the soil with the section of 0-100 cm of the test plot is 4.60-7.70 g/kg, the pH value is 8.35, the soil texture is sandy loam, the organic matter content of the surface soil with the section of 0-20cm is 2.53g/kg, the porosity is 47%, the saturated water conductivity is 54cm/d, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 23.5mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 3.46mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 220.6mg/kg. Location: the yellow river mouth town in the reclamation area of the eastern camping city is positioned near the entrance of the yellow river, belongs to the coastal saline-alkali land of a typical yellow river delta, has three adjacent severe saline-alkali lands with areas of 31 mu (A1 land), 35 mu (A2 land) and 44 mu (A3 land) respectively, and starts planting cotton from 2018; the test treatment is started in autumn 2020, and comprises laying of concealed pipes and burying of straw interlayer, wherein the test time is 2021, 3 months and 2021, 10 months.
The three test plots are respectively provided with 3 treatments, namely CK (A2 plot), S (A1 plot) and S+M (A3 plot). The main implementation links are as follows:
(1) laying a concealed pipe: a1 and A3 plots are paved with a hidden pipe drainage system, a single-stage water suction pipe is adopted, the water suction pipe is a PVC double-thread pipe with a diameter of 110mm, the burial depth of the water suction pipe is 1.2-1.4M, namely, the burial depth of the initial section is 1.2M, the drainage terminal depth is 1.4M, the gradient is 0.6 per mill, the paving interval of the water suction pipes is 20M, so that 3 water suction pipes are paved in S treatment (A1 plot), and 4 water suction pipes are paved in S+M treatment (A3 plot) (fig. 2:a).
(2) Straw crushing and interlayer creating: after laying the concealed pipes, the CK and S treated plots directly crush the cotton stalks of the previous stubble to the field, and uniformly mix the cotton stalks with 0-20cm of plough layer soil; after the S+M treated land parcels are laid by the concealed pipe, the cotton straw of the previous stubble is crushed, and the crushed straw is removed from other land parcels due to the small amount of the cotton straw, and is uniformly paved on the ground surface to reach 1.5kg/M 2 Then the straw is turned and pressed to the depth of 35cm below the ground surface by a turning plow to form a straw interlayer with the thickness of 2cm (figures 2:b and c).
(3) Determining the water demand of spring irrigation: after the land is leveled, pumping water from drainage ditches of surrounding farmlands for 3 months and 20 days to irrigate and press salt, wherein the irrigation water quality is brackish water, and the mineralization degree is 2.1g/L; the water content of the initial soil of the soil layer with the thickness of 0-35 cm is 11.3 percent, the salinity content is 6.1g/kg, the salt tolerance threshold value in the germination period of cotton is set to be 3g/kg, and the soil volume weight is 1.4g/cm 3 The saturated water content is 30 percent, and the salt removal coefficient K is 20kg/m 3 The salt washing water requirement is 1675.8m 3 /hm 2 . Considering the water loss caused by evaporation during irrigation, the irrigation volume was determined to be 1800m 3 /hm 2 。
(4) Spring irrigation and salt pressing: in order to improve irrigation uniformity, an open ditch with the width of 20cm and the height of 12cm is opened every 15m along the direction of the strip field by utilizing an opening machine, so that irrigation water passes through the open ditch for irrigation; all treatments adopt an intermittent irrigation mode, irrigation is carried out for 3 times, and the water content of the first time is 900m 3 /hm 2 After the infiltration is basically completed, the water is poured in for the second timeQuantity 540m 3 /hm 2 After infiltration is completed, the final water quantity is filled into the tank for 360m 3 /hm 2 。
(5) And (3) film covering and sowing: after irrigation and salt pressing are completed, turning over, covering film, spreading base fertilizer and planting cotton (variety: australian refined seeds) after 5-7 days of airing. Adopting degradable plastic film for covering, sowing cotton in a wide-narrow row design (60+40 cm), and sowing at 15cm at two sides of the film; the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, which is applied once, wherein N:100kg/ha, P 2 O 5 ：42kg/ha，K 2 O:71kg/ha, the fertilization mode is in-film fertilization; cotton sowing began on day 4, day 20, and harvesting began on day 10, month 12 (fig. 2:d).
(6) Soil water salts and crop monitoring: soil samples are periodically collected and the salt content of the soil is measured in the seedling stage, the bud stage, the boll stage and the boll stage of the cotton, wherein the soil sampling levels are respectively 0-20cm, 20-35 cm, 35-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm; CK. S, S +M treatments were all sampled in the membrane using earth boring. The plant height and leaf area index of the cotton were measured in the seedling stage, bud stage, boll stage and boll stage.
From the time sequence dynamic (figure 3) of soil salinity of the cotton growth period section, the soil salinity of the S+M treatment is lowest, the S treatment is next, and the soil salinity of the CK treatment is highest as a whole; from the point of view of 0-20cm of soil salt, the S+M treatment is 2.0-3.1 g/kg, and the average value is 2.47g/kg; s treatment is carried out at 2.4-3.5 g/kg, and the average value is 2.93g/kg; CK treatment is 2.6-4.2 g/kg, average value is 3.25g/kg, S+M treatment has the best effect of controlling salt in surface soil, and S treatment is performed next; the other soil layers also show the same rule; from the average of soil salinity of the whole section of the growth period, CK treatment is 5.41g/kg, S treatment is 5.00g/kg, and S+M treatment is 4.57g/kg; compared with CK, S+M treatment improves the surface desalination rate by 13.8% and the section desalination rate by 7.9% compared with S treatment. In view of plant height and leaf area index (FIG. 4) of cotton in the growing period, S+M treated cotton plant height and leaf area index were highest throughout the growing period, reaching 82cm and 3.6, respectively, in the boll period, while S treated cotton plant height and leaf area index were 71cm and 2.7, respectively, and CK treated cotton plant height and leaf area index were lowest, 46cm and 2.0, respectively. In conclusion, the comprehensive measures of 'concealed pipes + interlayer + covering' are adopted in severe saline-alkali soil, and compared with the comprehensive measures of 'concealed pipes + covering' and single covering measure, the salt profile and the salt content of soil in a plough layer can be effectively controlled, the accumulation of the salt content is prevented and controlled, and meanwhile, the growth of cotton can be promoted.
Example 2:
coastal reclamation beach severe saline-alkali soil. The salt content of the soil of the test plots with 0-20cm is 4.9-7.1 g/kg, the soil belongs to severe saline-alkali soil, the pH is 8.06, the organic matter content is 3.22g/kg, the water-soluble nitrogen is 7.97mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 4.2mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 130.4mg/kg, and the soil texture is sandy loam. Location: the coastal economic area of Dongtai is cultivated in the northwest 11 th area of the coastal economic area, the coastal economic area is cultivated in 2013, and the agricultural planting is started in 10 months of 2015. The test time is 5 months in 2019 to 6 months in 2020, the field micro-area test is laid for analyzing the influence of different C inputs on soil organic matters, aggregate structures and fertility characteristics under the planting conditions of straw interlayer and green manure (sesbania). The main implementation links are as follows:
(1) creating a straw interlayer: selecting a land with relatively uniform salinity, and the area is about 5 mu, crushing reserved upper stubble rice straw and uniformly spreading the crushed upper stubble rice straw on the ground because of no crop (barren land) planted on the upper stubble, wherein the straw consumption is 2.0kg/m 2 The straw is turned and pressed to the depth of 30cm by using a turning plow so as to form a straw interlayer.
(2) Irrigation salt-washing water requirement: leveling the land, pumping water from the peripheral drain to irrigate and press salt in 5 months 11 days, wherein the irrigation water quality is brackish water, and the mineralization degree is 2.6g/L; the water content of the initial soil of the soil layer with the thickness of 0-30 cm is 9.8 percent, the average salt content is 5.7g/kg, the salt tolerance threshold value of sesbania germination period is set to be 3g/kg, and the soil volume weight is 1.44g/cm 3 The saturated water content is 30 percent, and the salt removal coefficient K is 25kg/m 3 The salt washing water requirement is 1339.2m 3 /hm 2 . Considering the water loss caused by evaporation during irrigation, the irrigation volume was set to 1500m 3 /hm 2 。
(3) Irrigation and salt pressing: considering that the area of the test land is smaller, intermittent irrigation is directly adopted to press salt, irrigation is performed for 3 times, and the water content of the first irrigation is 750m 3 /hm 2 After the infiltration is basically completed, the water is poured in for the second timeQuantity 450m 3 /hm 2 After infiltration is completed, the final water quantity is poured into the container for 300m 3 /hm 2 。
(4) Test arrangement: the experiment sets 7 treatments in total, including CK (conventional planting), BC1 (250 kg C/mu, wheat straw biochar), BC2 (500 kg C/mu, wheat straw biochar), OM1 (250 kg C/mu, cow dung organic fertilizer), OM1 (500 kg C/mu, cow dung organic fertilizer), OMF1 (250 kg C/mu, composite organic material), OMF2 (500 kg C/mu, composite organic material); the composite organic material comprises 99.7 parts of cow dung organic fertilizer, 0.15 part of chitin and 0.15 part of microbial agent (dry basis). Laying cell test, cell area 150m 2 (15 m.times.10 m), each treatment was repeated three times for a total of 21 cells, arranged randomly. According to the measurement, the carbon content of the wheat straw biochar dry basis is 38.5%, the carbon content of the cow dung organic fertilizer dry basis is 31.7%, and the straw biochar, the organic fertilizer and the composite organic material are calculated according to the input amount of C, weighed and applied, and uniformly mixed with 0-20cm of plough layer soil.
(5) And (3) field planting: seeding sesbania (variety: yufei No. six) at 6 months and 10 days, taking base fertilizer with seeding, adding urea as additional fertilizer 25 kg/mu, adding 12kg N/mu and 11kg P during the growth period 2 O 5 Per mu; mechanically crushing sesbania in full bloom stage of 8 months and 26 days, returning to field in situ, and uniformly mixing with 0-20 plough layer soil; wheat starts to be planted in the late 10 months, the wheat is sown in a conventional planting mode, 15kg N/mu and 8kg P are put into the wheat in the growing period 2 O 5 Per mu; the test treatments were consistent. After sesbania and wheat are sown, except for CK treatment to cover the degradable mulch, the other treatments are all sprayed with the biodegradable liquid mulch, and the raw powder 15 kg/mu is uniformly sprayed on the ground after 80 kg/mu of water is added.
(6) Soil sampling: soil samples are respectively collected before sesbania seeding, in the seedling stage and in the full bloom stage, and soil samples of 0-20cm are collected before wheat seeding, in the seedling stage, in the overwintering stage, in the jointing stage, in the heading stage and in the maturing stage, so that the soil salinity is measured; meanwhile, soil samples before sesbania seeding and after wheat harvesting are selected, and fertility indexes such as soil organic matters, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, water-stable aggregates and the like are measured.
From the time sequence dynamic (figure 5) of soil salinity of the cultivation layer in the sesbania-wheat growing period, the soil salinity shows obvious dynamic change along with meteorological conditions and crop growth, and the dynamic change rule of each treatment is basically consistent; overall, the average values of CK, BC1, BC2, OM1, OM2, OMF1, OMF2 treated soil salinity during the observation period were 3.32, 3.24, 3.04, 3.06, 2.92, 2.83 and 2.77g/kg, indicating that the addition of biochar and organic carbon is beneficial to some extent of soil salinity reduction. Comparing soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and water stable aggregates (table 1) before and after the start and end of the test, it can be seen that the application of biochar and organic carbon can both improve the nutrient capacity and fertility of the soil, and the improvement effect of the organic carbon input on the soil fertility is due to the biochar; for example, the OM1 is used for treating 5.28g/kg of soil organic matters, and the BC1 is used for treating 4.43g/kg of organic matters, and the microbial biomass carbon also show similar rules; the organic carbon investment also shows the same trend on the lifting effect of soil water-stable aggregates, and is mainly 0.053-0.25 mm and 0.25-2 mm; in addition, under the same organic carbon input level, the soil organic carbon, the microbial biomass carbon and the microbial biomass carbon added with the composite organic material are higher, and the water-stable aggregate content of different particle sizes is also higher. The results show that the organic fertilizer input and sesbania green manure returning can promote soil organic matters, nutrient storage capacity and aggregate structure, and the addition of chitin and microbial inoculum has the effects of accelerating soil organic matter accumulation, nutrient storage capacity promotion and aggregate structure formation.
TABLE 1 treatment of soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and water stable agglomerates at different times of 0-20cm
Example 3:
coastal newly cultivated beach saline-alkali soil in the North China. The soil body salinity of the test land block is 4.3-17.8 g/kg, the pH value is 8.01-8.45, the average organic matter content is 2.46g/kg, the hydrolytic nitrogen is 3.92mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 2.0mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 259.8mg/kg, so that the land block is formed by blowing and filling the low beach, and the soil texture is loam sandy soil. Location: the eastern coastal economic area strip mud reclamation area strip north 11 area eastern side (sea wall line inner side), the land block starts to be planted in 5 months in 2018, the test time is 5 months in 2018 to 10 months in 2019, and the planting system is rice-ryegrass-corn rotation. 4 fields are selected in the test land, the area of each field is 68-75 mu, 4 treatments are set, and the treatments are CK (S1 land, area 71 mu, straw interlayer), M1 (S2 land, area 68 mu, concealed pipe and straw interlayer), M2 (S3 land, area 75 mu, concealed pipe and straw interlayer and organic fertilizer), M3 (S4 land, area 75 mu, concealed pipe and straw interlayer and composite organic material) respectively. The main implementation links are as follows:
(1) laying a concealed pipe: and laying a hidden pipe drainage system on the S2, S3 and S4 land parcels, wherein a single-stage water suction pipe is adopted, the water suction pipe is a PVC double-thread pipe with a diameter of 110mm and holes, the burial depth of the water suction pipe is 1.4-1.6 m, the gradient is 0.7 per mill, and the laying interval of the water suction pipes is 25m.
(2) Planting rice: planting rice (variety: huai rice No. 5) in four plots S1, S2, S3 and S4, conventionally planting, wherein the irrigation water for the rice adopts local brackish water, the salinity is 1.6-3.5 g/L, and the rice is put into 20kg N/mu and 12kg P in the growth period 2 O 5 Per mu; rice was harvested on day 10, month 16 of 2018.
(3) Creating a straw interlayer: when harvesting rice, the rice straw is crushed and evenly spread on the ground surface to reach 1.5kg/m 2 And then the rice straw is turned and pressed to the depth of 30cm below the ground by adopting a turning plow, so that a rice straw interlayer with the thickness of about 2cm is formed.
(4) And (3) planting ryegrass: s1, conventionally planting a land block (CK treatment), namely planting annual ryegrass (variety: meikes) after interlayer creation; s2, conventionally planting land parcels (M1 treatment), and planting annual ryegrass after interlayer creation; s3, applying 2.5 tons of organic fertilizer to the land (M2 treatment) and planting annual ryegrass; s4, applying 2.5 tons of composite organic materials to the land (M3 treatment) and planting annual ryegrass; the input amount of all the treatment fertilizers is consistent, 15kg N/mu and 8kg P are added in the whole growth period of ryegrass 2 O 5 Per mu.
(5) Returning green manure to the field: crushing and returning ryegrass to the field in the full bloom stage in the late 4 th month of 2019 after being planted, and planting corn (variety: su Yu) in the late 5 th month; the corn sowing adopts film-covered hill sowing, namely, after sowing, a biological full-degradable liquid mulching film is sprayed, and after 15 kg/mu of raw powder and 85 kg/mu of water are added, the corn sowing is uniformly sprayed on the ground; corn harvesting, yield measurement and the like are carried out on 10 months and 10 days in 2019, and the corn stalks are crushed and returned to the field in full quantity.
(6) Soil water salts and crop monitoring: soil samples are collected at three periods of rice harvesting, ryegrass returning and corn harvesting, and the salt content of the soil is measured, wherein the soil sampling level is 0-20 cm. Soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus content and cation exchange amount in the three periods are measured simultaneously.
From the time sequence dynamic (table 2) of the soil salinity of the plough layer in the growing period of the rice-ryegrass-corn, the soil salinity is obviously reduced after the rice is planted, wherein the reduction range is the maximum of M1 and M3 treatments, and the CK treatment salinity is still the highest; through ryegrass and corn season, soil salinity continues to decrease, but CK treatment is always highest; from the aspect of soil fertility, organic matters, hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus of each treatment are improved, wherein the amplification is most obvious in M2 and M3 treatments; cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) also shows a similar law, with M2 and M3 treatments increasing CEC most significantly; the CEC lifting amplitude for CK treatment was 21.1% compared to the initial state, whereas the CEC lifting amplitudes for M2, M3 and M4 treatments were 51.9%, 73.8% and 84.6%, respectively; from the comparison between the M2 and M3 treatments, CEC for each period of M3 treatment was increased by 3.1%, 11.4% and 9.5% respectively over that of M2 treatment. Overall, under the condition of straw interlayer, the hidden pipe and the interlayer can effectively reduce the salt content of soil; under the condition of the concealed pipe and the straw interlayer, the soil fertility and the nutrient storage capacity can be improved by applying the organic fertilizer, and the effect of promoting the nutrient storage and the buffer capacity is better than that of applying the organic fertilizer singly by applying the composite organic material.
TABLE 2 soil salinity, organic matter, hydrolyzable Nitrogen, available phosphorus and cation exchange amount at different stages of treatment of 0-20cm
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A fast constructing and long-acting maintaining method for a suitable-growth desalination wovens in heavy saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: constructing an underground buried pipe on severe saline-alkali soil, wherein the underground buried pipe is a single-stage water suction pipe or a two-stage device consisting of a water suction pipe and a water collecting pipe, the water suction pipe is a PVC double-threaded pipe with holes, the two-stage device consisting of the water suction pipe and the water collecting pipe is formed by vertically connecting the water collecting pipes in series, the buried depth of the water collecting pipes is 15-30 cm lower than that of the water suction pipe at the joint, and the gradient of the water collecting pipes is 0.6-0.8 per mill so as to collect the leaching water collected by the water suction pipe and discharge the leaching water through the water collecting pipes; the depth of burial of the water suction pipe of the clay saline-alkali soil is 1.0-1.2 m, the depth of burial of the water suction pipe of the soil saline-alkali soil is 1.2-1.4 m, the depth of burial of the water suction pipe of the sandy saline-alkali soil is 1.4-1.6 m, the gradient is 0.4-0.8 per mill, and the laying interval of the water suction pipes is 15-35 m; laying subsurface interlayer on underground pipe, wherein plant fiber material is uniformly laid on the surface of underground pipe, and the dosage is 1.0-2.5 kg/m 2 Turning and pressing to the depth of 30-40 cm below the ground surface to form a loose interlayer with the thickness of 1.5-3.0 cm; finally, performing ground coverage, wherein the ground coverage is that after green manure is applied and sowed, biological full-degradation liquid mulch raw powder is sprayed on the ground, the biological full-degradation liquid mulch raw powder is formed by mixing crop straws serving as raw materials and lignin, collagen, a surfactant and a water-retaining agent, the raw powder consumption is 15-25 kg/mu, the raw powder is uniformly sprayed on the ground after water is added, and the water addition amount is 5-6 times of the raw powder mass; intermittent furrow irrigation enhanced salt pressing is carried out according to a soil salt control target of a plough layer, a suitable desalination wok layer is created, and the specific method for enhancing the salt pressing is as follows: determining salt-washing water demand according to the initial water salt content of soil, the salt tolerance threshold value, the volume weight and the salt discharge coefficient of crops or green manure, and extracting by adopting an intermittent furrow irrigation modeThe uniformity of irrigation is high, the salt pressing is enhanced, and the salt washing water demand is determined as follows:
wherein: IW represents the water demand of irrigation and salt washing, m 3 /hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H represents the planned salt discharge depth, namely the depth of the subsurface interlayer, cm; gamma represents soil volume weight, g/cm 3 ；θ S Represents the saturated mass water content,%; θ 0 Represents the initial mass moisture content,%; s is S 0 The salt content of the initial soil is expressed in g/kg; s is S t Indicating the salt-tolerance threshold, g/kg, of the irrigation salt-washing target, namely crops or green manure;
k is the salt rejection coefficient, i.e. per m 3 The salt content which can be washed out by irrigation water, kg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Aiming at clay, the value of K is 10-20, loam K is 20-30, and sandy soil K is 30-40; the intermittent furrow irrigation is to open an open furrow with the width of 20-25 cm and the height of 10-15 cm along the strip field direction at intervals of 15-20 m, so that irrigation water irrigates through the open furrow; during intermittent irrigation, the salt-washing water demand is divided into 3 times, the irrigation water demand of each time is respectively 50%, 30% and 20%, and the next irrigation is carried out after the last irrigation infiltration is completed; according to the soil nutrient condition, applying a composite organic material, uniformly mixing the composite organic material with plough layer soil, planting a salt-tolerant green manure, and spraying a biological full-degradable liquid mulching film, wherein the composite organic material consists of an animal-derived organic fertilizer, chitin and a microbial agent, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 99.6 to 99.8 portions of organic fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of chitin and 0.1 to 0.2 portion of microbial agent; crushing green manure in a proper period, pressing green, returning to the field, and carrying out conventional planting or grain manure rotation and grain bean interplanting; when the salt-tolerant green manure is less than or equal to 2g/kg of the soil salt control target of the cultivated layer, selecting the variety of green manure for planting alfalfa, mao She seed, milk vetch, broad bean or common vetch; when the soil salt control target of the cultivated layer is 2-3 g/kg, selecting green fertilizer varieties of sesbania, chicory, schefflera, festuca arundinacea or Meilina; when the soil of the plough layer is salt-controlling>3g/kg, selecting and planting ryegrass, triticale, rape and cabbage green manure varieties; the organic matter content of the soil layer is lower than 5g/kg, and the soil layer is compounded with2000-3000 kg/mu of machine material; when the organic matter content of the plough layer soil is 5-10 g/kg, applying 1500-2000 kg/mu of composite organic material; when the organic matter content of the plough layer soil>10g/kg, and 800-1500 kg/mu of composite organic material is applied.
2. The method for quickly constructing and keeping the proper-growth desalination wok layer in the heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the organic fertilizer is 30-40 wt%, the organic matter content is 20-30 wt%, the nitrogen content is 0.5-1.0 wt%, and the salt content is less than or equal to 6g/kg.
3. The method for quickly constructing and keeping the proper-growth desalination wovens in the heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the chitin is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, the content of effective substances is more than or equal to 99.5%, the deacetylation degree is more than or equal to 90%, the content of insoluble substances is less than or equal to 1%, and the content of heavy metals is less than or equal to 10ppm.
4. The method for quickly constructing and keeping the proper-growth desalination wok layer in long-acting in the heavy saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is prepared by mixing 45-60 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 15-25 parts of aspergillus oryzae and 35-45 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, the water content is less than or equal to 3 wt%, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 200 hundred million CFU/g.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210936017.2A CN115299207B (en) | 2022-08-05 | 2022-08-05 | Rapid construction and long-acting retention method for suitable-growth desalination wovens in heavy saline-alkali soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210936017.2A CN115299207B (en) | 2022-08-05 | 2022-08-05 | Rapid construction and long-acting retention method for suitable-growth desalination wovens in heavy saline-alkali soil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115299207A CN115299207A (en) | 2022-11-08 |
| CN115299207B true CN115299207B (en) | 2024-03-12 |
Family
ID=83861151
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210936017.2A Active CN115299207B (en) | 2022-08-05 | 2022-08-05 | Rapid construction and long-acting retention method for suitable-growth desalination wovens in heavy saline-alkali soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115299207B (en) |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103329658A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-10-02 | 河海大学 | Sectional three-dimensional structure for fast desalting and soil improvement of saline-alkali soil of new tidal marsh reclamation area |
| CN105367335A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Biochar-based coast saline-alkali land improvement conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| WO2017008473A1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-19 | 河海大学 | Desalination method by using sludge to improve topsoil of saline and alkaline land |
| CN206042996U (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-03-29 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | One kind is watered soil moisture conservation system |
| CN107987547A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-04 | 苏州星火丰盈环保包装有限公司 | A kind of multifunctional liquid biological mulch film |
| CN108076719A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of engineering improvement on heavy salinized ground of haftplatte and ecological planting and establishing method |
| CN108184358A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-22 | 郑晓华 | A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN108834464A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-20 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The fixed implant system in the salt-soda soil that straw sand interlayer is horizontally staggered and method |
| CN111377773A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-07 | 山东省现代中药研究院有限公司 | Seaweed compound microbial organic fertilizer containing endophytes and used for peanuts |
| AU2020103349A4 (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-21 | Shihezi University | Stereoscopic collaborative comprehensive treatment mode and construction method of the heavily salinized farmland |
| CN112292952A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-02-02 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for rapidly improving nutrient storage capacity and soil fertility of saline-alkali farmland soil in irrigation area |
-
2022
- 2022-08-05 CN CN202210936017.2A patent/CN115299207B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103329658A (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2013-10-02 | 河海大学 | Sectional three-dimensional structure for fast desalting and soil improvement of saline-alkali soil of new tidal marsh reclamation area |
| WO2017008473A1 (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-19 | 河海大学 | Desalination method by using sludge to improve topsoil of saline and alkaline land |
| CN105367335A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Biochar-based coast saline-alkali land improvement conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN206042996U (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-03-29 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | One kind is watered soil moisture conservation system |
| CN107987547A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-04 | 苏州星火丰盈环保包装有限公司 | A kind of multifunctional liquid biological mulch film |
| CN108076719A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of engineering improvement on heavy salinized ground of haftplatte and ecological planting and establishing method |
| CN108184358A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-22 | 郑晓华 | A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN108834464A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-20 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | The fixed implant system in the salt-soda soil that straw sand interlayer is horizontally staggered and method |
| CN111377773A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-07 | 山东省现代中药研究院有限公司 | Seaweed compound microbial organic fertilizer containing endophytes and used for peanuts |
| CN112292952A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-02-02 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for rapidly improving nutrient storage capacity and soil fertility of saline-alkali farmland soil in irrigation area |
| AU2020103349A4 (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-01-21 | Shihezi University | Stereoscopic collaborative comprehensive treatment mode and construction method of the heavily salinized farmland |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 徐建新.《灌溉排水新技术》.中央广播电视大学出版社,2005,第225-226页. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115299207A (en) | 2022-11-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104472052B (en) | A kind of engineering-chemical-biological-desalination water saving-information technology improvement saline land method | |
| CN106717999B (en) | A kind of implantation methods cracking continuous cropping obstacle of cured tobacco | |
| CN108184358A (en) | A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil | |
| CN107324931A (en) | A kind of soil amendment fertilizer for salt-soda soil | |
| CN111642167B (en) | Water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming dry land and sand land into paddy field | |
| CN112292952B (en) | Method for rapidly improving nutrient storage capacity and soil fertility of saline-alkali farmland soil in irrigation area | |
| CN1788536A (en) | Quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation | |
| CN103814647A (en) | Saline land improvement method appropriate for arid and semi-arid region | |
| CN104472185A (en) | Saline-alkali soil deep-improving method by chemical-biological technology | |
| CN109168391A (en) | A kind of method of iron tailings soil | |
| CN105950174B (en) | A kind of microbial soil conditioner for salt-soda soil | |
| CN109354546A (en) | A kind of conditioning fertilizer and the preparation method and application thereof for improveing alkaline land soil | |
| CN108934256A (en) | A kind of arable farming method improveing soil | |
| CN107211785A (en) | It is a kind of that large area site preparation and the method for rice cultivation are carried out to desert area | |
| CN109302954A (en) | Utilize southern reed and the method for charcoal in-situ immobilization Huang triangle saline field ecosystem | |
| CN107182339B (en) | A kind of beach saline land ecology improvement system and its cotton yield implantation methods | |
| CN107580937A (en) | Utilize the method for planting Chinese tamarisk improvement salt-soda soil | |
| CN110574518A (en) | Method for improving and planting shrubs in severe viscous saline-alkali soil and application of method | |
| CN116508435A (en) | Comprehensive treatment method for salinized soil in semiarid region | |
| CN110881370A (en) | Beach bath daub field rice planting method | |
| CN115299207B (en) | Rapid construction and long-acting retention method for suitable-growth desalination wovens in heavy saline-alkali soil | |
| CN113711876B (en) | Method for constructing rice planting on coastal saline-alkali land through preferential flow, desalination and fertilization topsoil | |
| CN110786196A (en) | Method for improving and planting arbor in severe viscous saline-alkali soil and application | |
| CN109392630A (en) | A kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method | |
| CN1631070A (en) | Method for improving alkaline bare land by planting wild barley in good time |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |