CN103329658A - Sectional three-dimensional structure for fast desalting and soil improvement of saline-alkali soil of new tidal marsh reclamation area - Google Patents
Sectional three-dimensional structure for fast desalting and soil improvement of saline-alkali soil of new tidal marsh reclamation area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a sectional three-dimensional structure for the fast desalting and soil improvement of saline-alkali soil of a new tidal marsh reclamation area. According to the sectional three-dimensional structure, a soil layer of the saline-alkali soil to be desalted is subjected to ditching at the depth of 90-100 cm, and underground pipes are buried in a manner that the burying spacing is 20-30 m and the inclination angle is 1-3 DEG, so as to form an underground-pipe drainage layer; soil of a sectional surface layer of the soil layer is grooved at the depth of 40-45 cm and is stacked in an open space aside, and straws are laid uniformly after the surface of soil is leveled, so as to form a straw isolating layer with the thickness of 5-8 cm; and chopped straws and desulfation gypsum are added into the soil of the surface layer, which is stacked aside, the chopped straws, the desulfation gypsum and the soil of the surface layer are mixed uniformly, composite soil with the thickness of 10-15 cm is laid on the straw isolating layer, infiltrating irrigation capillaries are laid in the spacing of 0.8-2 m, and rest composite soil is then laid and is leveled, so as to form a straw and gypsum mixed cultivation layer. The sectional three-dimensional structure has the advantages that the sectional three-dimensional structure is organically combined into a whole up and down, the effects on the fast desalting and soil improvement and effective salinization process inhibition of the new tidal marsh reclamation area are remarkable, and the improvement cycle for the saline-alkali soil of the new reclamation area can be shortened effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the alkaline land improving field of engineering technology, be specifically related to a kind of tidal land and newly enclose and cultivate district's saline land quick desalination section stereochemical structure of improving the soil.
Background technology
Coastal area beach aboundresources is the rare soil reserved resources of China.Tidal land enforcement science is enclosed and cultivated and is developed, to replenishing China's cultivated land resource deficiency, guaranteeing that national food is safe, the coastal development space of expansion has irreplaceable effect.But tidal land is is newly enclosed and cultivated and is distinguished owing to break away from the seawater dipping and become soil time weak point, ubiquity soil body salt content height, bury of groundwater is shallow, salinity is high, the soil texture and dysplasia, the soil natural fertility level hangs down inferior feature, shortage of fresh water in addition, these obstruction factors are the key constraints of soil, the new reclamation area of tidal land agricultural use always.At present, new saline land, reclamation area needs desalination and the ecological recovery of 8 ~ 10 years under the natural conditions, just is suitable for the agricultural development utilization.At new reclamation area, strand alkaline land improving, attempt in the land reclamation process adopting the closed drainage desalting technology to accelerate soil melioration speed, but showing this technology, result of study has certain problem in the utilization in new reclamation area.On the one hand, the new reclamation area of tidal land soil mostly is high sodium salt mud matter marine facies fines clay, and soil permeability is poor, and osmotic coefficient is (0.4 ~ 6) * 10
-5Cm/s, and very fast formation was hardened after topsoil was soaked by precipitation or irrigation water, the soil infiltration ability further reduces, moisture is easy to form top layer runoff discharge under heavy rain or the heavy rain condition, and that moisture infiltrates the ratio that enters soil body drip washing salinity and discharge by hidden pipe is lower, hidden pipe quick desalination DeGrain; On the other hand, by the newly-ploughed beach field investigation discovery in counties such as Ru Dong, Da Feng and East Platforms, locating ubiquity one thickness about the vertical profile degree of depth 40cm of the new reclamation area of tidal land is the closely knit flour sand mud of 5 ~ 8cm, and osmotic coefficient is lower than 0.4 * 10
-5Cm/s becomes a moisture movement barrier layer, has reduced the speed of closed drainage desalination.The third aspect, the special hydrogeologic condition in the new reclamation area of tidal land has determined that soil body section aeration status is poor, is unfavorable for plant root growth and plant to the absorption desalination of salinity, and newly the reclamation area bury of groundwater is shallow in addition, the desalination soil body is the accumulation of salt in the surface soil very easily, has increased new reclamation area desalting salinized soil and has changed the alkali difficulty of governance.Therefore, the quick desalination in saline land, new reclamation area, strand changes alkali and is still a problem demanding prompt solution.
At present, more at saline and alkali land improvement method, mainly concentrate on biological modification, chemical modifying and engineering improvement, but single ameliorative measure is not too suitable to tidal land new reclamation area soil melioration.A kind of the relating to of propositions such as Gu Wei, weigh the clay loam saline and alkali land improvement method, by building raised fields, form raised fields and shallow the section desalination general layout that distributes alternately, the salty frozen water in sea ice or the shallow pond is deposited in the raised fields surface, at embacle surface coverage nonwoven or crops straw.This method has the advantage of high desalination rate for the raised fields section, but builds raised fields cost height, and the intensive degree that the soil utilizes is relatively low, for bigger in coastal new reclamation area utilization and extention difficulty.Wang Xiaobin etc. have proposed a kind of method of quickly desalting coastal saline-alkali soil, this method mainly is before carrying out the crop sowing, mixture to coastal saline-alkali the earth's surface organic fertilizer and land plaster, and it is turned over mix with topsoil, the water that will be dissolved with polyacrylamide is then irrigated.This method is conducive to make the quick leaching of soluble-salt ion in the soil below topsoil, but it fails well to consider soil profile structure and the hydrogeologic condition that the new reclamation area of tidal land is special simultaneously, and its promotion effect in new reclamation area is subjected to certain restriction.Therefore, at the special hydrogeologic condition in the new reclamation area of tidal land, propose a kind ofly to take all factors into consideration saline land, the new reclamation area of the tidal land quick desalination that accelerates soil profile draining desalination, prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, improves topsoil structure and the aeration status section stereochemical structure of improving the soil and have important applied value and broad prospect for its application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to:Adopt closed drainage layer+stalk separation layer+straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer) three-layer stereo formula structure, increase soil body infiltration rate, quick desalination is improved the soil, and effectively suppress accumulation of salt in the surface soil process, practical, ecological, environmental protective is is newly enclosed and cultivated district's alkaline land improving new thinking is provided for China is coastal.
The technical scheme of employing of the present invention is:The quick desalination section stereochemical structure of improving the soil in saline land, the new reclamation area of a kind of tidal land treating the underground trench digging of saline land soil layer of desalination, is buried hidden pipe underground, forms the closed drainage layer; Then the soil plane of soil profile top layer 40 ~ 45cm is opened, be piled up in vacant lot, next door, behind the smooth native face, evenly spread stalk, form the stalk separation layer; Add crushing straw and desulfurated plaster in the topsoil on one side to piling up, mix, on the stalk separation layer, spread the thick composite soil of 10 ~ 15cm earlier, leveling, be that spacing is laid the infiltrating irrigation hollow billet with 0.8 ~ 2m, repave residue composite soil and leveling, formation straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer).
The hidden pipe depth of burying of described closed drainage layer is 90 ~ 100cm, both can guarantee that the hidden pipe desalination soil body degree of depth surpasses the chief crop Root Distribution degree of depth, avoid simultaneously hidden pipe buried underground dark and coastal enclose and cultivate the district subterranean water level be more shallow cause closed drainage not smooth.It is 20 ~ 30m that hidden pipe is buried spacing underground, and hidden pipe tilts to the delivery port direction, and the inclination angle is 1o ~ 3o.
The thickness of described stalk separation layer is 5 ~ 8cm.The stalk separation layer preferably is embedded in soil profile 45cm place, and purpose is to destroy to be distributed in the moisture movement barrier layer of locating about soil profile 40cm, increases the soil layer water penetration, strengthens closed drainage desalination speed; The stalk separation layer has cut off the continuity of soil, particularly soil body continuity capillaceous on the other hand, reduces underground water and bleeds back rate, and control underground water accumulation of salt in the surface soil depth profile reduces accumulation of salt in the surface soil process to the influence of soil body plow layer below section 45cm.
Described straw gypsum mixed farming layer is to be mixed by adding crushing straw and desulfurated plaster in the topsoil of soil layer, and described crushing straw is that the stalk hand hay cutter is disconnected to 5 ~ 8cm length, and addition is 20 ~ 30t/hm
2, described desulfurated plaster is the β land plaster, consumption is 10 ~ 20t/hm
2Crushing straw and desulfurated plaster are sneaked in plow layer, have increased permeability and the content of organic matter of soil, have reduced the alkalization of soils degree, and the inhibition topsoil hardens.
Described infiltrating irrigation hollow billet buried depth is 25 ~ 35cm, when the infiltrating irrigation hollow billet carries out infiltrating irrigation, can dissolve in materials such as chemical fertilizer, oxygen, carbonic acid gas in water, improves plow layer nutrient condition and aeration condition.
The present invention adopts the tridimensional structure of closed drainage layer-stalk separation layer-straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer), in aggregates by making up up and down, for plow layer has made up environment in the soil that a quick desalination changes alkali.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention adopts closed drainage as the improve the soil bottom core technology of section stereochemical structure of quick desalination, can accelerate saline land, new reclamation area soil body desalination speed by underground drainage.
2. the present invention arranges the stalk separation layer at soil profile 40 ~ 45cm place, destroys to be distributed in the moisture movement barrier layer of locating about soil profile 40cm, increases soil body water penetration, strengthens closed drainage desalination speed; Simultaneously can effectively control underground water accumulation of salt in the surface soil depth profile below section 45cm, reduce accumulation of salt in the surface soil process to the influence of soil body plow layer.
3. the present invention is by mixing the mixed inorganic topsoil of machine that is shaped on of crushing straw and desulfurated plaster, lay plow layer, can effectively improve the soil pore space situation, reduce saline-alkali soil pH value, basicity and total alkalinity, prevent that topsoil from hardening, improve the soil infiltration ability, the motion process of going into to blend that takes full advantage of rainwater is discharged the soil body fast with the drip washing of soil body salinity and by hidden pipe.
4. the present invention mixes crushing straw and lays the stalk separation layer in plow layer all can increase soil organic matter content and macronutrient content, and reduces the bulk density of soil, and the soil aeration situation improves, and has strengthened soil fertility.
5. to sentence 0.8 ~ 2m at the distance face of land 25 ~ 35cm be that spacing is buried hollow billet underground and carried out infiltrating irrigation in the present invention, can dissolve in materials such as chemical fertilizer, oxygen, carbonic acid gas in water, improves plow layer nutrient condition and aeration condition, is conducive to the plant growth.
6. the present invention forms the tridimensional structure of closed drainage layer-stalk separation layer-straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer) after enforcement, organically combine in aggregatesly up and down, improving the soil and effectively suppress accumulation of salt in the surface soil process at the new reclamation area of tidal land quick desalination has remarkable result.
7. reasonable in design, simple, the economic environmental protection of drawing materials of the present invention, improving the soil for saline land, the new reclamation area of tidal land quick desalination provides a kind of new way, can effectively shorten the new reclamation area alkaline land improving cycle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, among the figure, and 1-straw gypsum mixed farming layer, 2-stalk separation layer, 3-soil layer, 4-closed drainage layer, 5-infiltrating irrigation hollow billet.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the mode by embodiment is elaborated to technical solution of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is applied to tidal land and newly encloses and cultivates the saline land, district, at first hidden pipe is embedded in the saline land soil layer 3 section 90cm depths for the treatment of desalination, forms closed drainage layer 4, and hidden pipe is 2o to delivery port direction inclination angle, and it is 20m that hidden pipe is buried spacing underground; The soil plane of soil layer 3 section top layer 45cm is opened, be piled up in vacant lot, next door, behind the smooth native face, evenly spread stalk, form stalk separation layer 2, the thickness of stalk separation layer 2 is 5cm; Add the long crushing straw of 5cm in the topsoil on one side to piling up then, addition is 20t/hm
2, adding desulfurated plaster simultaneously, addition is 10t/hm
2, mix, form stalk+gypsum composite soil; Spreading the thick composite soil of 15cm earlier on the stalk separation layer, flatten, is that spacing is laid infiltrating irrigation hollow billet (buried depth tool face of land 30cm) then with 1.2m, repaves the residue composite soil and flattens formation straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer).
After above-mentioned measure is implemented, just formed the tridimensional structure of closed drainage layer-stalk separation layer-straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer), organically combine in aggregates up and down, the underground hollow billet of recycling carries out the dissolved oxygen infiltrating irrigation, can improve the topsoil aeration condition rapidly, improving the soil and effectively suppress accumulation of salt in the surface soil process at the new reclamation area of tidal land quick desalination has remarkable result, can effectively shorten the new reclamation area alkaline land improving cycle.Present embodiment is applied to tidal land newly encloses and cultivates the saline land, district, the plow layer reclamation of salinep-alkali soil cycle shortens 1/3, and average salt rejection rate reaches about 50% in two years, and soil salt content obviously reduces; The soil compaction phenomenon only occurs in some areas; Soil condition is effectively improved.
The present invention is applied to tidal land and newly encloses and cultivates the saline land, district, at first hidden pipe is embedded in the saline land soil layer 3 section 100cm depths for the treatment of desalination, forms closed drainage layer 4, and hidden pipe is 3o to delivery port direction inclination angle, and it is 30m that hidden pipe is buried spacing underground; The soil plane of soil layer 3 section top layer 40cm is opened, be piled up in vacant lot, next door, behind the smooth native face, evenly spread stalk, form stalk separation layer 2, the thickness of stalk separation layer 2 is 8cm; Add the long crushing straw of 8cm in the topsoil on one side to piling up then, addition is 30t/hm
2, adding desulfurated plaster simultaneously, addition is 20t/hm
2, mix, form stalk+gypsum composite soil; Spreading the thick composite soil of 10cm earlier on the stalk separation layer, flatten, is that spacing is laid infiltrating irrigation hollow billet (buried depth tool face of land 30cm) then with 2m, repaves the residue composite soil and flattens formation straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer).
Claims (5)
1. the quick desalination section stereochemical structure of improving the soil in saline land, the new reclamation area of tidal land is characterized in that: treating the underground trench digging of saline land soil layer (3) of desalination, bury hidden pipe underground, form closed drainage layer (4); Then the soil plane of soil layer (3) section top layer 40 ~ 45cm is opened, be piled up in vacant lot, next door, behind the smooth native face, evenly spread stalk, form stalk separation layer (2); Be composite soil to piling up adding crushing straw and desulfurated plaster in the topsoil on one side, mixing; On stalk separation layer (2), spread the thick composite soil of 10 ~ 15cm earlier, flatten, lay infiltrating irrigation hollow billet (5), repave the residue composite soil and flatten formation straw gypsum mixed farming layer (1).
2. saline land, the new reclamation area of the tidal land according to claim 1 quick desalination section stereochemical structure of improving the soil, it is characterized in that: the hidden pipe depth of burying of described closed drainage layer (4) is 90 ~ 100cm, burying spacing underground is 20 ~ 30m, and hidden pipe tilts to the delivery port direction, and the inclination angle is 1o ~ 3o.
3. saline land, the new reclamation area of the tidal land according to claim 1 quick desalination section stereochemical structure of improving the soil, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described stalk separation layer (2) is 5 ~ 8cm.
4. saline land, the new reclamation area of the tidal land according to claim 1 quick desalination section stereochemical structure of improving the soil, it is characterized in that: described straw gypsum mixed farming layer (1) is to be mixed by adding crushing straw and desulfurated plaster in the topsoil of soil layer (3), described crushing straw is that the stalk hand hay cutter is disconnected to 5 ~ 8cm length, and addition is 20 ~ 30t/hm
2, described desulfurated plaster is the β land plaster, consumption is 10 ~ 20t/hm
2
5. saline land, the new reclamation area of the tidal land according to claim 1 quick desalination section stereochemical structure of improving the soil, it is characterized in that: described infiltrating irrigation hollow billet (5) buried depth is 25 ~ 35cm, and the laying spacing is 0.8 ~ 2m.
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| CN103628449A (en) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-03-12 | 河海大学 | Biochar grassed slope structure for coastal reclamation district channel |
| CN104206065A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-17 | 扬州大学 | Device for improving farmland soil of coastal mud flat reclamation areas by combining short-term rapid drainage desalination with long-term control accumulation of salt, and drainage method thereof |
| CN104838753A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-19 | 清华大学 | Improvement method of coastal saline land |
| CN105123004A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-12-09 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | Soil configuration during waste land second ploughing and land reclamation method |
| CN105359663A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-02 | 天津吉天环境科技发展有限公司 | Improvement method for soil of saline and alkaline land |
| CN105393666A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Saline land improving method |
| CN105940806A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-21 | 福建农林大学 | Salinized soil composite restoration method effectively inhibiting salinization |
| CN106105451A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-16 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land soil plate and maintaining method thereof |
| CN106105452A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-11-16 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of method using erosion-resisting hidden pipe to carry out salt discharge and the application in alkaline land improving thereof |
| CN106171114A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-12-07 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of method using puncture-resistant hidden pipe to carry out salt discharge and the application in coastal tidal alkaline land improving thereof |
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| CN107820767A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-23 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of method for enclosing and cultivating tidal land breeding combination quick improvement soil |
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| CN104206065A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-12-17 | 扬州大学 | Device for improving farmland soil of coastal mud flat reclamation areas by combining short-term rapid drainage desalination with long-term control accumulation of salt, and drainage method thereof |
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| CN105359663B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-10-31 | 天津吉天环境科技发展有限公司 | Saline-alkali soil improvement method |
| CN105359663A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-03-02 | 天津吉天环境科技发展有限公司 | Improvement method for soil of saline and alkaline land |
| CN105393666A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-16 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Saline land improving method |
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