CN103329658B - A kind of saline land, tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure - Google Patents

A kind of saline land, tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure Download PDF

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CN103329658B
CN103329658B CN201310246611.XA CN201310246611A CN103329658B CN 103329658 B CN103329658 B CN 103329658B CN 201310246611 A CN201310246611 A CN 201310246611A CN 103329658 B CN103329658 B CN 103329658B
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soil
land
layer
reclamation area
desalination
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CN103329658A (en
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佘冬立
陈友林
邓凌云
张飞
刘冬冬
刘营营
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Hohai University HHU
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

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Abstract

The invention provides saline land, a kind of tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination to improve the soil broken isometric structure, treating soil depth 90 ~ 100cm place, saline land trench digging of desalination, bury hidden pipe underground, burying spacing underground is 20 ~ 30m, and inclination angle is 1o ~ 3o, forms closed drainage layer; Then opened by the soil of soil profile top layer 40 ~ 45cm plane, be piled up in vacant lot, side, behind smooth native face, stalk on uniform spreading, forms the stalk separation layer of 5 ~ 8cm thickness; Crushing straw and desulfurated plaster is added to piling up in topsoil on one side, mixing, first spread the thick composite soil of 10 ~ 15cm on stalk separation layer, is that spacing lays seeping tube with 0.8 ~ 2m, repave residue composite soil and flatten, forming straw gypsum mixed farming layer.The present invention organically combines in aggregates up and down, improves the soil and effectively suppresses accumulation of salt in the surface soil process to have remarkable result, effectively can shorten the new reclamation area alkaline land improving cycle to tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination.

Description

A kind of saline land, tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure
Technical field
The invention belongs to alkaline land improving field of engineering technology, be specifically related to a kind of tidal land and newly enclose and cultivate saline land, district quick desalination and to improve the soil broken isometric structure.
Background technology
Coastal area Tidal Flat Resources enriches, and is the rare land reserved resources of China.Tidal land implements moderate reclamation and exploitation, not enough to supplementary China cultivated land resource, guarantee national food security, expand coastal development space and have irreplaceable effect.But tidal land newly enclose and cultivate district due to depart from Seawater immersion and Soil ages short, ubiquity soil body salt content is high, bury of groundwater is shallow, salinity is high, the soil texture and dysplasia, the low inferior feature of soil natural fertility level, in addition shortage of fresh water, these obstruction factors are the key constraints of soil, tidal land new reclamation area agricultural use always.At present, under natural conditions, new saline land, reclamation area needs desalination and the ecological recovery of 8 ~ 10 years, is just suitable for agricultural development and utilizes.For new reclamation area, strand alkaline land improving, attempt in land reclamation process adopting closed drainage desalting technology to accelerate soil melioration speed, but result of study shows that this technology exists certain problem in the utilization in new reclamation area.On the one hand, tidal land new reclamation area soil mostly is high sodium salt Muddy Bottoms marine facies fines clay, and soil permeability is poor, and osmotic coefficient is (0.4 ~ 6) × 10 -5cm/s, and topsoil hardens by being formed very soon after precipitation or irrigation water immersion, Infiltration Characteristics in Field Soils reduces further, under heavy rain or Rainfall Condition, moisture is easy to form top layer runoff and discharges, and Infiltration enters soil body drip washing salinity and the ratio of being discharged by hidden pipe is lower, hidden pipe quick desalination DeGrain; On the other hand, by counties such as Ru Dong, large Fenghe East Platforms, newly-ploughed beach field investigation finds, it is the closely knit flour sand mud of 5 ~ 8cm that tidal land new reclamation area vertical profile about degree of depth 40cm locates ubiquity one thickness, and osmotic coefficient is lower than 0.4 × 10 -5cm/s, becomes a moisture movement barrier layer, reduces the speed of closed drainage desalination.The third aspect, it is poor that the special hydrogeologic condition in the new reclamation area of tidal land determines soil body section aeration status, is unfavorable for that plant root growth and plant are to the absorption desalination of salinity, and new reclamation area bury of groundwater is shallow in addition, the desalination soil body very easily accumulation of salt in the surface soil, adds new reclamation area desalting salinized soil and changes alkali difficulty of governance.Therefore, the quick desalination in saline land, new reclamation area, strand changes alkali and is still a problem demanding prompt solution.
At present, more for saline and alkali land improvement method, mainly concentrate on the improvement of biological modification, chemical modifying and engineering, but single ameliorative measure is not too applicable to tidal land new reclamation area soil melioration.The one that Gu Wei etc. propose relates to heavy clay loam saline and alkali land improvement method, by building raised fields, form raised fields and shallow the section desalination general layout distributed alternately, the salty frozen water in sea ice or shallow pond is deposited in raised fields surface, at embacle surface coverage non-woven fabrics or crops straw.The method has the advantage of equipment with high desalinization for raised fields section, but it is high to build raised fields cost, and the intensive degree of Land_use change is relatively low, for larger in coastal new reclamation area utilization and extention difficulty.Wang little Bin etc. propose a kind of method of quickly desalting coastal saline-alkali soil, the method is mainly before carrying out crop sowing, to the mixture of coastal saline-alkali the earth's surface organic fertilizer and land plaster, and carried out turning over and to mix with topsoil, then the water being dissolved with polyacrylamide is irrigated.The method is conducive to making Soluble salt ions direction quick leaching in soil below topsoil, but its soil profile structure of failing well to consider that the new reclamation area of tidal land is special and hydrogeologic condition simultaneously, it is subject to certain restriction in the promotion effect in new reclamation area.Therefore, for the hydrogeologic condition that the new reclamation area of tidal land is special, propose a kind of consider accelerate soil profile draining desalination, prevent the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, improve saline land, the tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination of topsoil structure and aeration status broken isometric structure of improving the soil there is important applied value and wide popularizing application prospect.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is to:adopt closed drainage layer+stalk separation layer+straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer) three-layer stereo formula structure, increase soil body infiltration rate, quick desalination improvement soil, and effectively suppress accumulation of salt in the surface soil process, practical, ecological, environmental protective, newly encloses and cultivates district's alkaline land improving for China coast and provides new thinking.
the technical scheme of employing of the present invention is:a kind of saline land, tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure, treating soil layer underground, the saline land trench digging of desalination, burying hidden pipe underground, forming closed drainage layer; Then opened by the soil of soil profile top layer 40 ~ 45cm plane, be piled up in vacant lot, side, behind smooth native face, stalk on uniform spreading, forms stalk separation layer; Adding crushing straw and desulfurated plaster to piling up in topsoil on one side, mixing, on stalk separation layer, first spreading the thick composite soil of 10 ~ 15cm, leveling, with 0.8 ~ 2m be spacing lay seeping tube, repave residue composite soil and flatten, formed straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer).
The hidden pipe depth of burying of described closed drainage layer is 90 ~ 100cm, both can ensure that the hidden pipe desalination soil body degree of depth exceedes the chief crop Root Distribution degree of depth, avoids that hidden pipe was buried underground dark and reclaiming coastal land district subterranean water level is more shallow causes closed drainage not smooth simultaneously.Spacing buried underground by hidden pipe is 20 ~ 30m, and hidden pipe tilts to delivery port direction, and inclination angle is 1o ~ 3o.
The thickness of described stalk separation layer is 5 ~ 8cm.Stalk separation layer is preferably embedded in soil profile 45cm place, and object destroys the moisture movement barrier layer being distributed in soil profile about 40cm and locating, and increases soil layer water penetration, strengthens closed drainage desalination speed; Stalk separation layer has cut off the continuity of soil, the particularly continuity of soil body capillary on the other hand, reduces underground water and bleeds back rate, controls underground water accumulation of salt in the surface soil depth profile at below section 45cm, reduces accumulation of salt in the surface soil process to the impact of soil body plow layer.
Described straw gypsum mixed farming layer adds crushing straw in the topsoil by soil layer and desulfurated plaster mixes, and described crushing straw breaks to 5 ~ 8cm length by stalk hand hay cutter, and addition is 20 ~ 30t/hm 2, described desulfurated plaster is β land plaster, and consumption is 10 ~ 20t/hm 2.Plow layer is mixed into crushing straw and desulfurated plaster, adds permeability and the content of organic matter of soil, reduces alkalization of soils degree, and suppress topsoil to harden.
Described seeping tube buried depth is 25 ~ 35cm, when seeping tube carries out infiltrating irrigation, can dissolve in the materials such as chemical fertilizer, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, improve plow layer nutrient condition and aeration condition in water.
The present invention adopts the tridimensional structure of closed drainage layer-stalk separation layer-straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer), in aggregates by combining up and down, for plow layer constructs the soil environment that a quick desalination changes alkali.
beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention adopts closed drainage to improve the soil as quick desalination the bottom core technology of broken isometric structure, can accelerate saline land, new reclamation area soil body desalination speed by underground drainage.
2. the present invention arranges stalk separation layer at soil profile 40 ~ 45cm place, destroys the moisture movement barrier layer being distributed in soil profile about 40cm and locating, increases soil body water penetration, strengthens closed drainage desalination speed; Effectively can control underground water accumulation of salt in the surface soil depth profile at below section 45cm simultaneously, reduce accumulation of salt in the surface soil process to the impact of soil body plow layer.
3. the present invention is by mixing crushing straw and the mixed organic-inorganic topsoil processed of desulfurated plaster, lay plow layer, can effectively improve soil pore space situation, reduce saline-alkali soil pH value, basicity and total alkalinity, prevent topsoil from hardening, improve Infiltration Characteristics in Field Soils, soil body salt leaching is discharged the soil body by hidden pipe by the motion process that enters to blend fast that make full use of rainwater.
4. the present invention mixes crushing straw in plow layer and lays stalk separation layer all can increase soil organic matter content and macronutrient content, and reduces the bulk density of soil, and soil aeration situation improves, and enhances soil fertility.
5. the present invention is that spacing is buried hollow billet underground and carried out infiltrating irrigation sentencing 0.8 ~ 2m apart from earth's surface 25 ~ 35cm, can dissolve in the materials such as chemical fertilizer, oxygen, carbonic acid gas, improve plow layer nutrient condition and aeration condition, be conducive to plant growth in water.
6. the present invention forms the tridimensional structure of closed drainage layer-stalk separation layer-straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer) afterwards in enforcement, organically combine in aggregates up and down, improve the soil at tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination and effectively suppress accumulation of salt in the surface soil process to have remarkable result.
7. reasonable in design, simple, the economic environmental protection of drawing materials of the present invention, improves the soil for saline land, tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination and provides a kind of new way, effectively can shorten the new reclamation area alkaline land improving cycle.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, in figure, and 1-straw gypsum mixed farming layer, 2-stalk separation layer, 3-soil layer, 4-closed drainage layer, 5-seeping tube.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by the mode of embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.
embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is applied to tidal land and newly encloses and cultivates saline land, district, first hidden pipe is embedded in the saline land soil layer 3 section 90cm depths for the treatment of desalination, and form closed drainage layer 4, hidden pipe is 2o to inclination angle, delivery port direction, and spacing buried underground by hidden pipe is 20m; The soil of soil layer 3 section top layer 45cm plane is opened, is piled up in vacant lot, side, behind smooth native face, stalk on uniform spreading, form stalk separation layer 2, the thickness of stalk separation layer 2 is 5cm; Then add the long crushing straw of 5cm to piling up in topsoil on one side, addition is 20t/hm 2, add desulfurated plaster, addition is 10t/hm simultaneously 2, mix, form stalk+gypsum composite soil; On stalk separation layer, first spread the thick composite soil of 15cm, leveling, is then that spacing lays seeping tube (buried depth tool earth's surface 30cm) with 1.2m, repaves residue composite soil and flatten, and forms straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer).
After above-mentioned measure is implemented, just define the tridimensional structure of closed drainage layer-stalk separation layer-straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer), organically combine in aggregates up and down, recycling underground hollow billet carries out dissolved oxygen infiltrating irrigation, topsoil aeration condition can be improved rapidly, improve the soil at tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination and effectively suppress accumulation of salt in the surface soil process to have remarkable result, effectively can shorten the new reclamation area alkaline land improving cycle.The present embodiment is applied to tidal land and newly encloses and cultivates saline land, district, plow layer reclamation of salinep-alkali soil cycle time 1/3, average salt rejection rate reaches about 50% in two years, and soil salt content obviously reduces; Soil compaction phenomenon only occurs in some areas; Soil condition is effectively improved.
embodiment 2
The present invention is applied to tidal land and newly encloses and cultivates saline land, district, first hidden pipe is embedded in the saline land soil layer 3 section 100cm depths for the treatment of desalination, and form closed drainage layer 4, hidden pipe is 3o to inclination angle, delivery port direction, and spacing buried underground by hidden pipe is 30m; The soil of soil layer 3 section top layer 40cm plane is opened, is piled up in vacant lot, side, behind smooth native face, stalk on uniform spreading, form stalk separation layer 2, the thickness of stalk separation layer 2 is 8cm; Then add the long crushing straw of 8cm to piling up in topsoil on one side, addition is 30t/hm 2, add desulfurated plaster, addition is 20t/hm simultaneously 2, mix, form stalk+gypsum composite soil; On stalk separation layer, first spread the thick composite soil of 10cm, leveling, is then that spacing lays seeping tube (buried depth tool earth's surface 30cm) with 2m, repaves residue composite soil and flatten, and forms straw gypsum mixed farming layer (infiltrating irrigation layer).

Claims (5)

1. saline land, tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil a broken isometric structure, it is characterized in that: treating saline land soil layer (3) the underground trench digging of desalination, burying hidden pipe underground, forming closed drainage layer (4); Then opened by the soil of soil layer (3) section top layer 40 ~ 45cm plane, be piled up in vacant lot, side, behind smooth native face, stalk on uniform spreading, forms stalk separation layer (2); Adding crushing straw and desulfurated plaster to piling up in topsoil on one side, mixing as composite soil; On stalk separation layer (2), first spread the thick composite soil of 10 ~ 15cm, leveling, lay seeping tube (5), repave residue composite soil and flatten, form straw gypsum mixed farming layer (1).
2. saline land, tidal land according to claim 1 new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure, it is characterized in that: the hidden pipe depth of burying of described closed drainage layer (4) is 90 ~ 100cm, burying spacing underground is 20 ~ 30m, and hidden pipe tilts to delivery port direction, and inclination angle is 1o ~ 3o.
3. saline land, tidal land according to claim 1 new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described stalk separation layer (2) is 5 ~ 8cm.
4. saline land, tidal land according to claim 1 new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure, it is characterized in that: described straw gypsum mixed farming layer (1) is by adding crushing straw in the topsoil of soil layer (3) and desulfurated plaster mixes, described crushing straw breaks to 5 ~ 8cm length by stalk hand hay cutter, and addition is 20 ~ 30t/hm 2, described desulfurated plaster is β land plaster, and consumption is 10 ~ 20t/hm 2.
5. saline land, tidal land according to claim 1 new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure, and it is characterized in that: described seeping tube (5) buried depth is 25 ~ 35cm, Lay interval is 0.8 ~ 2m.
CN201310246611.XA 2013-06-21 2013-06-21 A kind of saline land, tidal land new reclamation area quick desalination is improved the soil broken isometric structure Expired - Fee Related CN103329658B (en)

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