CN114731792A - Double-layer concealed pipe salt discharging method and system - Google Patents
Double-layer concealed pipe salt discharging method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114731792A CN114731792A CN202210420163.XA CN202210420163A CN114731792A CN 114731792 A CN114731792 A CN 114731792A CN 202210420163 A CN202210420163 A CN 202210420163A CN 114731792 A CN114731792 A CN 114731792A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention provides a double-layer concealed pipe salt elimination method and a system thereof, which relate to the technical field of saline-alkali land treatment.A first concealed pipe layer for draining salt and water in a drip irrigation process is drained by laying a butt-joint drip irrigation system at a first buried depth of a saline-alkali farmland; a second buried pipe layer is laid at a second buried depth lower than the first buried depth and is used for receiving and discharging water of soil above the second buried pipe layer for leaching and removing salt, and meanwhile, underground water is controlled below the second buried depth to prevent salt return of soil; realized drip irrigation system and the effective butt joint of row salt system, this bilayer structure founds the three-dimensional salt accuse salt model of arranging simultaneously, has promoted drainage channel quantity, has promoted the displacement, restraines the salinity accumulation, makes saline and alkaline farmland realize high efficiency accuse salt row salt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment, in particular to a double-layer three-dimensional concealed pipe salt elimination method and a system thereof.
Background
China is a country with more people and less land, low cultivated land quality, serious imbalance of cultivated land area and serious shortage of total amount, and the per-capita cultivated land area is far behind the per-capita level of the world. The existing farmland has the problems of pesticide, chemical fertilizer and heavy metal pollution exceeding standards, and land salinization is also one of the main factors of farmland degradation. Along with the development and utilization of the soil by human beings, especially unreasonable irrigation causes poor soil physical and chemical properties, poor buffer performance, low water and fertility preservation, serious damage to the saline and alkaline growth of crops, and unfavorable growth and development of the crops in the soil due to high salt content, so that the productivity and bearing capacity of the soil are low.
At present, over 96 percent of saline-alkali soil in the whole country is distributed in northwest arid and semi-arid regions. The large-area under-film drip irrigation technology is adopted in saline-alkali farmlands in arid and semiarid regions in northwest areas, which plays an important role in water conservation and saline-alkali land improvement, but the technology can not solve the problem that the salinity at the periphery of crop roots can only be reduced, and the soil salinity can not be effectively removed from soil bodies and can not be sustained. With the increase of irrigation, salt is accumulated in soil all the year round, and soil salinization is increased year by year. Drip irrigation technique under current membrane and arouse soil water salt imbalance, the problem that the salinity aggravated shows increasingly to traditional individual layer hidden pipe salt discharging technique hidden pipe need lay below soil groundwater critical depth, with drip irrigation the technique and can't link up, lead to drip irrigation system and open channel irrigation system of the coexistence two sets in the general farmland in northwest arid regions such as Xinjiang, lead to the wasting of resources promptly, can't exert whole again and irritate row to saline and alkaline land improvement efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the present disclosure provides a double-layer three-dimensional hidden pipe salt discharge method and a system thereof.
The invention provides a double-layer three-dimensional concealed conduit salt elimination method, which comprises the following steps: laying a first hidden pipe layer at a first burial depth of a saline-alkali farmland to be improved, wherein the first hidden pipe layer is used for discharging moisture of salt discharged by a drip irrigation system in a leaching way out of a soil body, and the first burial depth is not lower than the maximum leaching depth of the drip irrigation system; laying a second hidden pipe layer at a second burial depth of the saline-alkali farmland to be improved, discharging water for leaching and discharging salt in soil mass above the second hidden pipe layer, and discharging underground water when the water level of the underground water is higher than the second burial depth; and taking the farmland surface as a reference, wherein the second burial depth is lower than the first burial depth. .
Optionally, the first dark pipe layer comprises a plurality of first dark pipes arranged in parallel, and the second dark pipe layer comprises a plurality of second dark pipes arranged in parallel.
Optionally, defining the second burial depth as htThe water depth is H, the residual water head is delta H, the water depth in the concealed conduit or the diameter of the concealed conduit is r, and the second burial depth HtSatisfies the following relation: h ist＝h+ΔH+r。
Optionally, the spacing between the concealed pipes defining the second concealed pipe layer is L, the soil permeability coefficient is K, and the second burial depth is htThe soil empirical coefficient is N, and the distance between the concealed pipes on the second concealed pipe layer satisfies the following relational expression: L-NKht。
Optionally, one first hidden pipe is laid between two adjacent second hidden pipes.
Optionally, the buried depth of the salt leaching accumulation layer of the drip irrigation system is obtained by a soil profile sampling method and is used for determining the first buried depth.
The present disclosure also provides a double-layer three-dimensional concealed pipe salt-discharging system, which comprises a drip irrigation system, a first concealed pipe layer and a second concealed pipe layer, wherein the drip irrigation system is arranged on a surface soil layer and is used for drip washing and irrigating farmlands; a first hidden pipe layer is embedded under the surface soil layer and used for discharging moisture of salt leaching and salt washing of the drip irrigation system; and a second hidden pipe layer is laid below the first hidden pipe layer and used for discharging water of salt showering salt in the upper soil body and controlling the underground water level below the second hidden pipe layer.
Optionally, the diameter of the first chase is smaller than the diameter of the second chase.
Optionally, the drip irrigation system has a pile flow rate of no less than 1 cm head.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following advantages:
a first buried depth of a saline-alkali farmland is provided with a butting drip irrigation system, a first hidden pipe layer for draining moisture of leached salt in a drip irrigation process is drained, and a complete pipeline irrigation and drainage system is formed by the first hidden pipe layer and the ground surface drip irrigation system; a second buried pipe layer is arranged at a second buried depth lower than the first buried depth and is used for receiving and discharging water of soil body above the second buried pipe layer for leaching and removing salt, and meanwhile, underground water is controlled below the second buried depth; realized drip irrigation system and the effective butt joint of row's salt system, this double-deck spatial structure has promoted drainage channel's quantity simultaneously, has improved the displacement, restraines the salinity accumulation, makes the saline and alkaline farmland realize quick accuse salt row salt.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present disclosure, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a double-layer concealed conduit salt discharge system according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 2 is a top view of a double-layer concealed conduit salt discharge system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Wherein, 1, a first hidden tube layer; 2. a second hidden-tube layer; 3. a drip irrigation system; A. the surface of a farmland; B. the ground water line.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure may be more clearly understood, aspects of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, but the present disclosure may be practiced in other ways than those described herein; it is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed in the specification are only a few embodiments of the present disclosure, and not all embodiments.
With reference to fig. 1, a double-layer three-dimensional concealed pipe salt discharging method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure includes laying a first concealed pipe layer 1 at a first buried depth of a saline-alkali farmland to be improved, where the first buried depth is not lower than a maximum leaching depth of a drip irrigation system 3, and is used for draining water in salt discharged by the drip irrigation system 3 out of a soil body; laying a second hidden pipe layer 2 at a second burial depth of the saline-alkali farmland to be improved, discharging water for leaching and discharging salt in soil mass above the second hidden pipe layer 2, and discharging underground water when the water level of the underground water is higher than the second burial depth; and taking the farmland surface A as a reference, wherein the second burial depth is lower than the first burial depth.
In the double-layer concealed pipe salt discharging method, the first concealed pipe layer 1 is upwards matched with a drip irrigation system 3 arranged on the ground surface A of a farmland, so that the leaching and salt discharging of shallow salt are realized in the drip irrigation process; through setting up second hidden pipe layer 2, can realize leaching the soil body more than whole second hidden pipe layer 2 and arrange salt and control ground water level, make ground water level B control below the critical depth, avoid the siphon effect of soil to inhale groundwater to farmland earth's surface A, cause the salinization of soil.
Through adopting foretell three-dimensional hidden pipe salt discharge method of double-deck, can fuse drip irrigation system 3 and hidden pipe salt discharge system each other, form double-deck hidden pipe salt discharge system in underground, arrange salt spatial structure overall arrangement through the double-deck hidden pipe of design, increased drainage channel, improved the displacement, restrain the salinity accumulation, make the salt soil layer above the ground water level realize the quick accuse salt discharge of high efficiency. In addition, the first hidden pipe layer 1 can effectively drain waterlogging in spring, prevent and control salt surface concentration, quickly increase ground temperature and improve crop yield and land productivity; the second hidden pipe layer 2 can effectively remove soil salt through the hidden pipe by drip irrigation, and simultaneously accept water which is not discharged by the first hidden pipe layer 1, so that the purpose of salt washing by salt control of the whole soil layer is achieved. Meanwhile, the underground water level is controlled below the critical depth, so that the salt return and secondary salinization of soil and the like are prevented.
In some embodiments, the first dark tube layer 1 includes a plurality of first dark tubes arranged in parallel, and the second dark tube layer 2 includes a plurality of second dark tubes arranged in parallel. Particularly, a plurality of first concealed pipes and a plurality of second concealed pipes are distributed on the first concealed pipe layer 1 and the second concealed pipe layer 2 at intervals, so that resources can be saved, and a good salt and water discharging effect can be guaranteed.
In some embodiments, the second buried depth is defined as htThe depth of the water stain is H, the residual water head is delta H, the water depth in the concealed conduit or the concealed conduitHas a diameter r and a second burial depth htSatisfies the following relation: h istH + Δ H + r. Wherein h ist-buried depth of the buried pipe, m; h-depth of bank or critical depth, m: delta H, when the underground water level of the central point of two adjacent concealed pipes is reduced to delta H, the difference (also called residual water head) between the water level of the water collecting pipe and the underground water level of the central point is m; r-depth of water in the concealed conduit, which can be replaced by the diameter of the concealed conduit, m. Particularly, the buried depth of the concealed pipe can also seek the optimum buried depth corresponding to the local economic and technical conditions, and the buried depth can be selected according to local conditions through comprehensive demonstration.
In some embodiments, the first burial depth is the maximum cumulative saturated water leaching depth of the drip irrigation system, and can be obtained through field actual investigation in the field. In particular, the above criteria can be adopted to simplify the planning and design process when it is not convenient to analyze the salt leaching accumulation layer of the drip irrigation system 3 due to the limitation of economic and technical conditions.
In some embodiments, the spacing of the concealed pipes defining the second concealed pipe layer 2 is L, the soil permeability coefficient is K, and the second burial depth is htThe soil empirical coefficient is N, and the distance between the concealed pipes of the second concealed pipe layer 2 satisfies the following relational expression: l ═ NKht. Wherein, L is the interval between the concealed pipes, m; k is the soil permeability coefficient, m/d; h ist-a second burial depth, m; n-empirical factor, clay 40, loam 30, sandy loam 20. Specifically, according to test results and time experiences in various regions of China, when the buried depth of the concealed pipe is within the range of 0.8-1.0m, the soil with various textures has approximate spacing between the concealed pipes: clay 8-14 m, loam 14-20 m, sand 20-24 m. More specifically, the method is based on the survey and summarization of a large amount of test data and practical experience, and then through inductive analysis and generalized optimization, the relationship between the distance between the concealed pipes and certain indexes or other simplified indexes which are determined and influenced by main influencing factors such as soil texture and the like is obtained for selection during design. Preferably, a formula method and a field test method can be combined when the arrangement distance of the concealed pipes is determined, and after the theoretical formula is calculated, the field test is carried out to correspondingly adjust: meanwhile, the influence of local specific crop growth requirements on the arrangement distance of the concealed pipes is considered; the field test method is to select the cause and soil of saline-alkali soil in the saline-alkali treatment areaIn the representative fields of the soil, the hydrogeological conditions, the crop species, the agricultural technology and the like, the ideal combination of the spacing and the burial depth is selected by observing the improvement effect under the conditions of various different depths and spacing combinations on site.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, a first hidden pipe is disposed between two adjacent second hidden pipes. Specifically, the concealed pipes of the first concealed pipe layer 1 and the concealed pipes of the second concealed pipe layer 2 which are spatially staggered can more sufficiently receive the water leached and discharged by the drip irrigation system 3. Preferably, the first concealed pipes are arranged in an equidistant array relative to the second concealed pipes, and the uniform water discharge of the double-layer concealed pipes can be ensured through the mode.
In some embodiments, the salt leaching accumulation layer burial depth of the drip irrigation system 3 is obtained by a soil profile sampling method for determining the first burial depth. Specifically, the buried depth of the first hidden pipe layer 1 is not lower than the maximum leaching depth of the drip irrigation system 3, so that the salt content of the shallow soil leached by the drip irrigation system 3 can be effectively discharged.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a double-layer concealed pipe salt discharging system is further provided, which includes a drip irrigation system 3, a first concealed pipe layer 1 and a second concealed pipe layer 2, wherein the drip irrigation system 3 is disposed on the surface of the farmland and is used for leaching and irrigating the farmland; a first hidden pipe layer 1 is buried under the ground surface of the farmland and used for discharging moisture of salt leaching of a drip irrigation system; a second hidden pipe layer 2 is buried under the first hidden pipe layer 1, and the second hidden pipe layer 2 is used for discharging water of salt showering salt in an upper soil body and controlling the underground water level below the second hidden pipe layer 2. In particular, the system is used for the double-layer concealed conduit salt elimination method.
In some embodiments, the diameter of the first chase is smaller than the diameter of the second chase. Specifically, because the first hidden pipe layer 1 is only used for discharging the moisture of the salt leaching of the drip irrigation system 33, and the second hidden pipe layer 2 is used for discharging the moisture of the salt leaching of the soil body above the hidden pipe and controlling the underground water level at a critical water level, the water flow in the second hidden pipe is larger than that in the first hidden pipe, the first hidden pipe with a small pipe diameter and the second hidden pipe with a large pipe diameter are correspondingly adopted, so that the resources are saved, the cost is reduced, and the drainage requirement of the system can be met.
In some embodiments, the drip irrigation system 3 has a pile flow rate of no less than 1 centimeter head. Specifically, the flow of an irrigation system can be improved by increasing irrigation pressure, enlarging the pipe diameter of the ground pile and the like, and the soil can be fully leached.
The following describes the solution related to the above embodiment with reference to a specific construction method:
firstly, surveying a saline-alkali farmland to be improved, planning and designing, and determining technical parameters such as the buried depth, the spacing and the like of a first hidden tube layer 1 and a second hidden tube layer 2; secondly, digging a second concave part for laying a second hidden pipe layer 2 in the saline-alkali farmland to be improved, laying the second hidden pipe layer 2 in the second concave part, wherein the second hidden pipe layer 2 is not lower than the ground water level, and backfilling the second concave part after laying is finished; and then digging a first concave part for laying the first hidden pipe layer 1 in the saline-alkali farmland to be improved, laying the first hidden pipe layer 1 in the first concave part, wherein the maximum leaching depth of the drip irrigation system 3 is not less than that of the first hidden pipe layer 1, and finally backfilling the first concave part embedded with the first hidden pipe layer 1. In order to meet the technical requirements and guarantee the engineering quality, a professional ditching and pipe laying machine is recommended to be used for laying the concealed pipes for construction.
In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "height", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present disclosure and for simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the structures or devices referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present disclosure.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A double-layer concealed pipe salt discharge method is used for farmlands provided with drip irrigation systems, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
laying a first hidden pipe layer at a first burial depth of a saline-alkali farmland to be improved, wherein the first hidden pipe layer is used for draining moisture of salt drained by leaching of the drip irrigation system out of a soil body, and the first burial depth is not lower than the maximum leaching depth of the drip irrigation system;
laying a second hidden pipe layer at a second burial depth of the saline-alkali farmland to be improved, discharging water for leaching and discharging salt in soil mass above the second hidden pipe layer, and discharging underground water when the water level of the underground water is higher than the second burial depth;
and the second burial depth is lower than the first burial depth by taking the farmland surface as a reference.
2. The double-layer concealed pipe salt discharging method according to claim 1, wherein the first concealed pipe layer comprises a plurality of first concealed pipes arranged in parallel, and the second concealed pipe layer comprises a plurality of second concealed pipes arranged in parallel.
3. The double-layer hidden-pipe salt elimination method according to claim 2, wherein the second burial depth is defined as htThe water depth of the water drainage is H, the residual water head is delta H, the water depth in the concealed conduit or the diameter of the concealed conduit is r, and the second burial depth HtSatisfies the following relation: h ist＝h+ΔH+r。
4. The double-layer concealed pipe salt discharging method according to claim 2, wherein the first concealed pipe burial depth is the maximum accumulated saturated water leaching depth of a drip irrigation system.
5. The double-layer concealed pipe salt elimination method according to claim 3, wherein the spacing of the concealed pipes defining the second concealed pipe layer is L, the soil permeability coefficient is K, and the second burial depth is htThe soil empirical coefficient is N, and the distance between the concealed pipes of the second concealed pipe layer satisfies the following relational expression: L-NKht。
6. The double-layer hidden pipe salt discharging method as claimed in claim 5, wherein one first hidden pipe is laid between two adjacent second hidden pipes.
7. The double-layer concealed pipe salt discharging method according to claim 1, wherein a salinity leaching accumulation layer burial depth of a drip irrigation system is obtained through a soil profile sampling method and is used for determining the first burial depth.
8. A double-layer concealed pipe salt discharge system is characterized by comprising a drip irrigation system, a first concealed pipe layer and a second concealed pipe layer, wherein the drip irrigation system is laid on a surface soil layer and is used for leaching and irrigating farmlands; the first hidden pipe layer is embedded under the surface soil layer and used for discharging the water content of salt-washing salt sprayed by the drip irrigation system and forming an integrated irrigation and drainage system with the drip irrigation system; the second hidden pipe layer is buried under the first hidden pipe layer and used for discharging water of salt showering salt in the upper soil body and controlling the underground water level below the second hidden pipe layer.
9. The double-deck chase salt discharge system of claim 8, wherein the diameter of the first chase is smaller than the diameter of the second chase.
10. The double-layer concealed pipe salt discharging system according to claim 8, wherein the flow rate of the ground outlet pile of the drip irrigation system is not lower than 1 cm water head.
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