CN114568062A - Saline-alkali soil improvement method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114568062A CN114568062A CN202210172174.0A CN202210172174A CN114568062A CN 114568062 A CN114568062 A CN 114568062A CN 202210172174 A CN202210172174 A CN 202210172174A CN 114568062 A CN114568062 A CN 114568062A
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- soil
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- alkali soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement method, which comprises water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement, physical improvement and farming improvement; the water conservancy improvement comprises: a drainage method; a salt filling and washing method; the invention discloses a rice planting method, which relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement and has the following beneficial effects: the invention combines a plurality of improvement methods, can effectively reduce the salt content of the soil, simultaneously loosen the soil, improve the physical properties of the saline-alkali soil, develop the root system of the crop, improve the resistance to stress and disease, reduce the saline-alkali harm, promote the development of agriculture, and has extremely important practical significance for the sustainable and healthy development of the rural economy, the national soil improvement, the ecological environmental protection and the like in China, particularly in inland arid agricultural irrigation areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a saline-alkali soil improvement method.
Background
Saline-alkali soil refers to a soil type in which salt contained in soil affects normal growth of crops. According to incomplete statistics of textbook organization and grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of saline-alkali land all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein the area of the saline-alkali land in China is about 3460 million hectares, the cultivated land is salinized by 760 million hectares, and the cultivated land is salinized by nearly 1/5. The saline-alkali soil causes deterioration of a series of physical properties of the soil due to accumulation of a large amount of salt in the soil: the structure is viscous, the soil is not permeable or the air permeability is poor, the soil temperature rises slowly, the activity of microorganisms in the soil is poor, the permeability coefficient is low, the capillary action is strong, and the water evaporation leaves saline alkali on the earth surface, so that the salinization of surface soil is aggravated, and the development of an improvement method of the saline-alkali soil is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil improvement method, and mainly aims to solve the problems that the salinization of surface soil is aggravated and the growth of crops is not facilitated.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement, physical improvement and farming improvement;
the water conservancy improvement comprises:
a drainage method: digging a drainage ditch on the saline-alkali soil with low land topography, and draining by utilizing the drainage ditch to take away part of salt in the soil;
a salt filling and washing method: irrigating water in the saline-alkali soil to form a deep water layer, fully dissolving salt in the soil, and discharging the dissolved salt by using a drainage ditch, so that the salt content of the soil is reduced;
the rice planting method comprises the following steps: planting the rice in the saline-alkali soil with sufficient water source, and leaching and discharging the salt in the soil through flooding irrigation, draining and water changing.
Preferably, the chemical modification comprises:
a fertilizing method: the saline-alkali soil is additionally applied with chemical acid fertilizer calcium superphosphate, so that the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is reduced;
and applying a mineral fertilizer to supplement the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron elements in the soil.
Preferably, the physical modification comprises:
deep ploughing and deep scarification: deep ploughing and deep scarification are carried out on the saline-alkali soil to accelerate salt leaching and prevent salt return, so that the nutrient condition of the soil is improved;
the method for pressing alkali in the soil comprises the following steps: the saline-alkali soil is covered with a layer of foreign soil for improving the physical properties of the saline-alkali soil;
applying organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer: and applying organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali soil to increase the humus of the soil and applying microbial agent.
Preferably, the farming improvement comprises artificially raising the ground surface and artificially loosening the soil by using a cultivation technique.
Preferably, the cultivation technology comprises a rice ridge system cultivation technology, a rice ridge culture and film mulching hole sowing cultivation technology and a corn high-platform cultivation technology.
Preferably, the mineral fertilizer comprises desulfurized gypsum and maifanite.
Preferably, the method also comprises the use of a soil conditioner.
Preferably, the alien soil is saline-alkali free soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention combines a plurality of improvement methods, can effectively reduce the salt content of the soil, simultaneously loosen the soil, improve the physical properties of the saline-alkali soil, develop the root system of the crop, improve the resistance to stress and disease, reduce the saline-alkali harm, promote the development of agriculture, and has extremely important practical significance for the sustainable and healthy development of the rural economy, the national soil improvement, the ecological environmental protection and the like in China, particularly in inland arid agricultural irrigation areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
A saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement, physical improvement and farming improvement;
the water conservancy improvement comprises:
a drainage method: digging a drainage ditch on the saline-alkali soil with low land topography, and draining by utilizing the drainage ditch to take away part of salt in the soil;
a salt filling and washing method: according to the law that salt comes with water and goes with water, water is poured to form a water layer with a certain depth, so that salt in the soil is fully dissolved, and the dissolved salt is discharged from a drainage ditch, so that the salt content of the soil is reduced;
the rice planting method comprises the following steps: planting rice in saline-alkali land with sufficient water source is also an effective improvement measure because the rice is planted. Through long-time flooding and water draining, the salt in the soil can be leached and discharged.
The chemical improvement comprises:
a fertilizing method: the pH value can be reduced by applying chemical acidic fertilizer superphosphate to saline-alkali soil. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron and other elements in the soil can be supplemented by applying a proper amount of mineral fertilizer, and the experiments prove that the desulfurized gypsum and the medical stone can effectively reduce the salt content of the soil and promote the yield and the efficiency of crops, but the desulfurized gypsum has high heavy metal content and does not have the function of loosening the soil.
The physical improvement comprises:
deep ploughing and deep scarification: deep ploughing and deep scarification of saline-alkali soil can accelerate salt leaching, prevent salt return and improve the nutrient condition of the soil. The application of the ridge-series cultivation technology of rice and the mulching and hole sowing cultivation technology of rice restores the soil aggregate structure, can effectively improve the physical form of soil and greatly improve the crop yield;
the method for pressing alkali in the soil comprises the following steps: the alien soil is foreign saline-alkali free soil, and the alien soil can improve the physical properties of saline-alkali soil. Has effects of inhibiting salt, leaching salt, suppressing alkali and increasing soil fertility. The salt content of the soil can be reduced to the extent of not harming the growth of crops;
applying organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer: the additional application of the organic fertilizer can increase humus of soil, is beneficial to the formation of granular structures, and improves the ventilation, water permeability and nutrient conditions of saline-alkali soil. The organic acid generated after the decomposition of the organic matter can also neutralize the alkalinity of the soil. The effect of planting green manure is better. The microbial inoculum has great significance for reducing the pH value of soil, can activate the soil, decompose nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements fixed by soil colloid by using the microbial inoculum, improves the soil permeability coefficient, and obviously enhances the plant root system development, saline-alkali resistance, disease resistance and yield increase capability.
The cultivation improvement comprises the use of technologies such as rice ridge system cultivation, rice ridge culture mulching hole sowing cultivation, corn high-platform cultivation and the like, the ground surface is artificially raised, soil is artificially loosened, crop roots are developed, the stress resistance and disease resistance are improved, saline and alkaline are drenched, and the saline and alkaline hazards are reduced.
The method also comprises the use of a soil conditioner, which can be seen in a patent with the application number of 2013105451648 and is named as a saline-alkali soil conditioner, high-valence metal ions mainly comprising calcium ions in the soil are activated by means of microorganisms, the activated high-valence metal ions replace a large amount of sodium ions adsorbed by the soil due to the fact that the energy of the high-valence metal ions is larger than that of the sodium ions, and finally free sodium ions and other salt ions are adsorbed by the polymer gene, and the saline alkali with the specific gravity larger than that of water is sprayed below a plough layer in the soil loosened by a biological soil loosening technology, so that the aims of activating the loosened soil and improving the saline-alkali soil are achieved.
Case one: in 1998-2011, a large number of saline-alkali soil improvement experiments are demonstrated in fourteen years, and in 1998, 1000 mu of saline-alkali paddy fields in the double-mountain town residual grain village in double Liaoning city are improved, so that 300-400 kg of low-yield fields per mu are changed into 500-600 kg of stable-yield fields, and the phenomenon of alkali return is not generated all the time. At present, due to the shortage of underground water, the paddy fields are improved into high-yield corn fields, and the yield per mu is more than 700 kg.
Case two: in 2010, the modifier is applied to the saline-alkali soil with 900 mu of field households in the Khaki iron peak area of the ziqi Harr of Heilongjiang province, and the result shows that: 400 kilograms of the improver is used for each mu of saline-alkali soil with the pH value of 9, and the actually measured pH value of the soil on the third day is reduced to 7.5, so that the level suitable for planting rice is reached. In 2011, the measured pH value of the improved saline-alkali soil is 7.2-7.5, the improvement effect is successful and stable, and the yield of the rice is increased from 150 kg per mu to 500 kg.
Case three: in 2011, 400 kilograms of modifying agent is applied to each mu of waste saline-alkali land with the pH value of 8.9 in west large depression of towns in Qian-an county, rice and sorghum are planted and compared, and the result shows that the pH value of the soil is reduced to 7.3, the yield of the rice in the modified field is 420 kilograms per mu, the dead seedlings in the control field only produce less than 50 kilograms of rice seriously, and the rice variety is pine and round-grained 11. The yield of sorghum per mu is 460 kg, the seedling shortage in a control field is serious, the yield is only less than 100 kg, (the sorghum variety is 25 g of four impurities).
Case four: 2016-2018, Zhang Wen in the Wen Niuhuacun, Chonggan county, Yue village, Zhang Wen, successfully planted in severe saline-alkali soil with the challenge of ph 9.5-12. Realizes the improvement in the current year, takes effect in the current year and forms the outstanding effect of yield.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A saline-alkali soil improvement method is characterized by comprising water conservancy improvement, chemical improvement, physical improvement and cultivation improvement;
the water conservancy improvement comprises:
a drainage method: digging a drainage ditch on the saline-alkali soil with low land topography, and draining by utilizing the drainage ditch to take away part of salt in the soil;
a salt filling and washing method: irrigating water in the saline-alkali soil to form a deep water layer, fully dissolving salt in the soil, and discharging the dissolved salt by using a drainage ditch, so that the salt content of the soil is reduced;
the rice planting method comprises the following steps: planting the rice in the saline-alkali soil with sufficient water source, leaching the salt in the soil and discharging the salt through flooding irrigation, water drainage and water change.
2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the chemical improvement comprises:
a fertilizing method: the saline-alkali soil is additionally applied with chemical acid fertilizer calcium superphosphate, so that the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is reduced;
and applying a mineral fertilizer to supplement the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron elements in the soil.
3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the physical improvement comprises:
deep ploughing and deep scarification: deep ploughing and deep scarification are carried out on the saline-alkali soil to accelerate salt leaching and prevent salt return, so that the nutrient condition of the soil is improved;
the method for pressing alkali in the soil comprises the following steps: the saline-alkali soil is covered with a layer of foreign soil for improving the physical properties of the saline-alkali soil;
applying organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer: and applying organic fertilizer to the saline-alkali soil to increase the humus of the soil and applying microbial agent.
4. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein the farming improvement comprises artificially raising the ground surface and artificially loosening the soil by using a cultivation technique.
5. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein the cultivation technology comprises rice ridge-line cultivation technology, rice ridge-planting film-mulching hole-sowing cultivation technology and corn high-platform cultivation technology.
6. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, wherein the mineral fertilizer comprises desulfurized gypsum and maifanite.
7. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, further comprising using a soil conditioner.
8. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, wherein the alien soil is saline-alkali free soil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210172174.0A CN114568062A (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2022-02-24 | Saline-alkali soil improvement method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115448803A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-09 | 李东霖 | Preparation and application method of multifunctional organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect |
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| CN102550160A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 杨润亚 | Rainwater-harvesting permeability-enhancing and evaporation-inhibiting method for improving saline and alkaline lands locally |
| CN105519274A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-27 | 南京大学 | Integration method of large-scale coastal newly reclaimed beach agricultural land ecologicalization exploitation |
| CN107046841A (en) * | 2017-04-02 | 2017-08-18 | 北京军秀咨询有限公司 | A kind of method of saline land greening afforestation |
| CN108184358A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-22 | 郑晓华 | A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN108848733A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-23 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | A method of improvement heavy saline-alkali area at seashore |
| CN108966718A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-11 | 青岛全域盐碱地稻作改良研究院有限公司 | A kind of saline and alkali land improvement method |
| CN111117638A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-08 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Soda saline-alkali soil modifier and modification method |
| CN112425305A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-02 | 博域环保技术研究院(南京)有限公司 | Method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil |
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2022
- 2022-02-24 CN CN202210172174.0A patent/CN114568062A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102550160A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 杨润亚 | Rainwater-harvesting permeability-enhancing and evaporation-inhibiting method for improving saline and alkaline lands locally |
| CN105519274A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-27 | 南京大学 | Integration method of large-scale coastal newly reclaimed beach agricultural land ecologicalization exploitation |
| CN107046841A (en) * | 2017-04-02 | 2017-08-18 | 北京军秀咨询有限公司 | A kind of method of saline land greening afforestation |
| CN108184358A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-22 | 郑晓华 | A kind of physics and the effective ways in bioconjugation improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN108966718A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-11 | 青岛全域盐碱地稻作改良研究院有限公司 | A kind of saline and alkali land improvement method |
| CN108848733A (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2018-11-23 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | A method of improvement heavy saline-alkali area at seashore |
| CN111117638A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-08 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Soda saline-alkali soil modifier and modification method |
| CN112425305A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-02 | 博域环保技术研究院(南京)有限公司 | Method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115448803A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-09 | 李东霖 | Preparation and application method of multifunctional organic fertilizer with saline-alkali soil improvement effect |
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