CN109042114A - The high yield cultivating method of goldenrod - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of high yield cultivating method of goldenrod, which includes the prevention and treatment of seed selection, nursery, seedling management, transplanting, plantation, harvest and disease pest harm.The present invention realizes the artificial high yield cultivation of goldenrod, make every 667 square metres can 400-500 kilograms of output hay, and herbal medicine stable effective ingredients, volatile oil content is higher, and cauline leaf oil yield is up to 0.26% -0.36%, and rhizome is up to 0.2% -0.26%.

Description

The high yield cultivating method of goldenrod

Technical field

The present invention relates to goldenrod planting technology fields, in particular to goldenrod high yield cultivating method.

Background technique

Goldenrod (SOLIDDGOOUCURRENS) is composite family herbaceos perennial, to well developed root system, cold hardiness By force, can be absorbed from soil various trace elements be its dry matter of habit, have dispelling wind and heat, the special efficacy of removing toxicity for detumescence, It is utilized by people of all nationalities.It is recorded in " antitumor Chinese herbal medicine color atlas " according to medicine section expert Xu Guojun nineteen ninety-five, Its main ingredient has: tannin, saponin, has in flavonoids Kaempferol, glycoside, rutin and δ, B elemene to be at volatile oil Main anti-cancer principle merges colpomycosis, tongue cancer and urinary system to liver cancer, lung cancer, cervical carcinoma, carcinoma of vagina, carcinoma of corpus uteri Tumor complicated infection apocenosis blood urine has preferable therapeutic effect.It is also widely used in treatment atypia lymphnoditis, Tuberculous leaching Fawn on core, influenza, bronchitis, upper respiratory infection, tonsillitis, sphagitis, colpomycosis, bullet wound, wound, Venomous snake bite and major surgery prevention infection etc..

Due to widely used, medicinal effects are good, and people excessively acquire, and wild resource is increasingly reduced, and have become at present rare Plant.According to " China's book on Chinese herbal medicine " 7040, goldenrod biological characteristics: " likes nice and cool moist climate, resists cold.With loose fertile, rich Containing humus, well-drained sand loam cultivation is advisable." be directed to the increasingly reduction of wild resource, using it is common broadcast sowing, point It broadcasts, direct sowing method cultivation, because in 2-3 month seeding and seedling raising, rainwater is more, seed is easily buried by soil envelope after broadcasting, and is suffocated, or the children germinateed Seedling is drowned or is died of hunger by excessive rain low temperature, in addition the various weed germinations in field are rapid, control immature goldenrod and is difficult to grow.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of goldenrod artificial method for planting, and improve goldenrod volatile oil content Implantation methods.

Technical program of the present invention lies in improve the goldenrod implantation methods of volatile oil content to include the following steps:

1) seed selects: selection plant type is compact, blade width is moderate, well developed root system, absorption ability of nutrient are strong, bud extraction uniformly, Regrowth breeding without rust, seed are mature in nature；

2) nursery

A, garlic, onion, composite family herbal medicine crop were not planted within selection 2 years or more, leeward place on the sunny side is nursery pond；

B, weeds and the residual root and stem of certain plants of crop in nursery pond, smooth nursery pond are removed；It is uniformly spread at nursery pond bottom and fills out fine earth, fine earth Upper spraying insecticide；Antiseepage film is layered on fine earth and lining frame, and nursery pond is 13-18 centimetres deep；

C, a height of 80 centimetres of the seedling growth greenhouse of ceiling is built in nursery pond, is covered with agricultural film；

D, carbonize husk, peat, pearl powdered carbon is that 5:4:1 is uniformly mixed into matrix in mass ratio, sprays clean water and mixes thoroughly, Keep matrix wet loose to hold it is agglomerating, touch and dissipate degree, matrix is packed into 200 pass nursery vinyl discs；

E, mid-December to early January sow, sow preceding 2-3 days, to nursery pond injection pH value be 6-7.2) cleaning Water, until water depth is 13 centimetres；The morning of fine day is selected, every bunch planting enters 3-4 seeds, then with the thin lid seed of matrix, will broadcast The nursery vinyl disc of kind was put into nursery pond in the same day in time, and kept wet by spraying with clear water；

3) seedling management

A, first time nutrient solution need to be added within after planting 25 days, second of nutrient solution need to be added within 40 days, nutrient solution is floated by tobacco The mass ratio 1:4000 of floating special fertilizer for seedling culture and clear water is configured；

B, sowing in 40 days keeps nursery pond water level at 8-10 centimetres, keeps after being maintained within 40-50 days 8 centimetres, 50 days At 6 centimetres；Transplanting carries out picking seedling top dressing, growth promoting new root for first 1 week, and nursery pond water level is kept for 3 centimetres or so；

E, thinning is carried out in the small cross phase to fill the gaps with seedlings, remove the excessively prosperous and excessively weak seedling of growing way, fill the gaps with seedlings in hole, every cave is kept to have 1-2 plants of field run plants；

F, when four leaves, the spraying 50% anti-samping off of carbendazim embroiders disease invasion, and one mu of dosage is 100g concentration 50% Carbendazim is watered 30L even spraying；It chases after within 5-7 days before transplanting once to send and transfers medicine；

4) it transplants

The smooth land used of sandy soil is selected, foot decomposed pigs and cattle column excrement 1500-under pressing every 667 squares after late rice harvesting 2000 kilograms are made base manure, and furrow are 0.9-1.2 meters wide, and furrow are 20-30 centimetres high, and 30 centimetres of furrow width；Transplanting first 1 day by per acre 120- 180ml Acetochlor is watered 40-50L even sprayings；Before and after the Spring Equinox when rice shoot length to 12-15 centimeter length, by 20 lis of 30 cm x The specification of rice plays cave plant；It is impregnated with water before lifting seedlings to rise to matrix is swollen, band root band fertilizer lifts seedlings, and pours root water after lifting seedlings；Transplant third Mulch is covered after it；

5) it plants

After seedling turns green, mended by having in yellow in blueness, there is the principle applied in short in senior middle school, adds nitrate nitrogen solution；It takes out Tongue fur phase, pregnant flower bud phase impose ammonium hydrogen carbonate or people and animals' fecaluria；After the harvesting of goldenrod mid-August, to mend and chase after barnyard manure, compost, rubbish Fertilizer or the growth of mixed fertilizer growth promoting new talent；

6) prevention and treatment disease pest harm:

A, root rot: selection water is good, and disease is reduced in ventilation plot；50% carbendazim of diseased plant or 70% methyl Tobe At least one of saliva 1000 times liquid pours；

B, mosaic disease: the pests such as aphid of attention control transmitted virus, choosing are reserved seed for planting without diseased plant, crop rotation；Seedling Stage and The prosperous growth phase selects decent job oligosaccharide element 20g to add per acre and is watered 20-25L than worm quinoline 30g；

C, rust: after turning green before seedling replanting with crop field, blade is sprayed with 20% triadimefon, 600-800 times of liquid per acre Tow sides；

F, insect pest: grub, cutworm, wireworm, mole cricket endanger the parasitosis of root and seedling, with it is pungent mix phosphorus, worm final hit, The prevention and treatment of at least one of metrifonate powder；In the bridging worm of BOITING STAGE, prodenia litura harm with cypermethrin, decis, finds pleasure in this This at least one prevention and treatment；

7) it harvests:

Goldenrod cuts leaf in progress in 7-8 months for the first time, and the specific time is 3 o'clock of afternoon to 9 o'clock at night after the beginning of autumn Miaoye is cut in the past；Cutting leaf site should from the ground 5-10 centimetres；The blade cut off extracts volatile oil in time；Regrowth breeding.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: realize goldenrod artificial high yield cultivation, make every 667 square metres can output 400-500 kilograms of hay, and herbal medicine stable effective ingredients, volatile oil content is higher, cauline leaf oil yield up to 0.26%~0.36%, Rhizome is up to 0.2%~0.26%.

Specific embodiment

The present invention is further illustrated for following example.

(1) nursery place selects:

It is required that garlic, onion, herbal medicine crop were not planted within 2 years or more, and close water source, irrigation and drainage facilitate, topography is flat, Shape is broad, it is leeward on the sunny side, convenient for establishing at arched shed group.

(2) foundation of nursery pond: it is 9 meters long in standard nursery, it is 1.05 meters wide, it is 15 centimetres deep, modeling 40, disk can be set, is supplied 2.5-3 mus of crop field seedlings.Pool side can with 10 centimetres wide of plank band dowel pin it is steady after, outer ridging builds pond stalk or with common brick frame at simple Pond stalk.It can also be obstructed with cubic wooden unit.Weeds and the residual root and stem of certain plants of crop in pond are removed, is then uniformly spread in bottom of pond and fills out suitable fine earth, The insecticides such as phoxim are sprayed on fine earth, are caused harm to prevent subterranean pest-insect.If pool side, bottom of pond can spread 0.08 li without hard object protrusion Rice antiseepage film is rebasing and lining frame, and carefully flatten frame, last water filling test checks whether smooth in pond, and pad film is whether Leak.

(3) construction of seedling growth greenhouse: arched shed specification is 10 meters long, and 1.1 meters wide, ceiling is 80 centimetres high, a standard nursery pond, uses Then 2.2 meters long bamboo chip arch, 40 centimetres of arch interval are covered with agricultural film.Hold disengaging operation door successfully.1 is spaced between canopy and canopy Rice, canopy surrounding hold successfully gutter, accomplish ditch ditch communicate, drain it is smooth.

(4) preparation of nursery material:

4.1 nursery vinyl discs: vinyl disc, 68 centimetres long, 34 centimetres wide, 200 passes.Old vinyl disc 20 days before nursery, Cleaning and sterilizing is carried out with 300 times of metalaxyl Meng zinc solution or after 40% clear white lime water infiltration 8-10 minutes, then is dried It is spare.The vinyl disc newly purchased will hole-specifically check whether Durchgangshohle without disinfection, it is found that the hole of non-Durchgangshohle will be got through；

4.2 matrix: charing husk, peat, pearl powdered carbon 5:4:1, every disk contain 1.5 kilograms.Medium in tray will sterilize Matrix be poured on clean plastic cloth, spray suitable clean water and mix thoroughly, moisten matrix and hold agglomerating, touch when dissipating Sabot, side rim strike the edge of modeling disk, make the elastic appropriateness of the matrix in hole.It not fill too full, also not press too tight；

4.3 fertilizer, seed etc. are purchased by various regions production necessary requirement；

The determination of 4.4 sowing times: general view seed maturity is determining, at present the people's livelihood No.1 Ying Yu of kind breeding time length The sowing of mid-December to early January, selects the morning of fine day, and every bunch planting enters 3-4 seeds, then with the thin lid seed of matrix,

The modeling disk planted will be broadcast and be fitly put into nutrition pond in time in the same day, and keep wet with sprayer spray clear water.

(5) preparation of nutrient solution:

5.1 preparation nutrition ponds use water；2-3 days before sowing, nursery pond is packed into clean water (PH6-7.2), water depth is 13 centimetres, every pond takes 5 points or more to sound the depth of the water, and calculates nursery pond total Water；

5.2 prepare nutrient solution；Using nutrient solution in the case where no goldenrod special fertilizer, Jiangxi Province tobacco can be used Provided floating seedlings special fertilizer prepares nursery pond nutrient solution.Preparation method is first to pour into the fertilizer that 25 grams fill in large cylinder (can be filled with water 120 kilograms or more) is then added double centner clear water and is sufficiently stirred, and is completely dissolved fertilizer and nutritious mother liquid is made, press The concentration and dosage that nursery pond requires uniformly splash nutrient solution into pond, it is important to note that the mother that not have additional nutrients arbitrarily Otherwise liquid will affect germination and growth of seedling；

The test of 5.3 liquid PH values and correction；After nutritious mother liquid is added, PH and when the pH value difference of requirement in pond can To carry out debugging levelling with dilute sulfuric acid and dilute alkaline soln, until the PH of pool inner water solution is 6.5.It is on the contrary then debugged with dilute sulfuric acid. Test PH can use special pH test paper；

The addition of 5.4 nutrition fertilizers；With the consumption of nutrient in seedling raising process, each nursery need to be added into pond every certain time Packed special fertilizer is first configured to nutritious mother liquid by fertilizer, and mother liquor dosage, is uniformly added to nursery pond needed for then calculating as required It is interior.Guarantee that nursery pond liquid depth is not less than 10 centimetres.Goldenrod need to add first time fertilizer at after planting 25 days, need to add within 40 days Add second of fertilizer.

(6) seedling management:

6.1 staffings: each nursery point will match a strong sense of responsibility, hardworking and able to endure hardships, technology administrative staff really up to the mark System is carried out to temperature and humidity, pond water temperature and weather conditions inside and outside seedling growth greenhouse to observe and record；

6.2 thinnings are filled the gaps with seedlings；It carries out thinning in the goldenrod small cross phase to fill the gaps with seedlings, the seedling for going growing way excessively prosperous or excessively weak mentions It takes seedling appropriate to mend in hole, guarantees that there are 1-2 plants of field run plants in every cave；

6.3 water managements: keeping nursery pond water level at 8-10 centimetres, be maintained within 40-50 days 8 centimetres in sowing 40 days, and 50 6 centimetres are maintained at after it, transplanting carries out picking seedling top dressing, growth promoting new root for first 1 week, and moisturizing should keep 3 centimetres or so；

When 6.4 seedling growths enter four leaves, it to be sprayed 50% carbendazim prevention and treatment samping off, embroiders disease invasion.General mu 60 jin are watered by spraying uniformly with 2 liang.It chases after within 5-7 days before transplanting once to send and transfers medicine.

Third is that the fine site preparation of culture fertility: goldenrod is fibrous root crop, needs loose soil, therefore, it is necessary to have Based on machine fertilizer, phosphorus potash fertilizer is supplemented.Generally 1500-2000 kilograms of excrement of decomposed pigs and cattle column of foot is done under every 667 squares after late rice harvesting Base manure, winter kind site preparation is thin, and furrow face wants smooth, and wide 100 centimetres of furrow or so, furrow are 20-30 centimetres high, it is desirable that accomplish waist ditch, gutter, Furrow ditch, ditch ditch communicate.

Fourth is that transplanting in due course, rational close planting: before and after the Spring Equinox when rice shoot length to 12-15 centimeter length, by 30 centimetres * 20 centimetres Specification plays cave plant.It to be impregnated with water before lifting seedlings, makes matrix is swollen to rise, band root band fertilizer is watered with root water, keeps wet, turned green with benefit.

Fifth is that management

(1) weeding epiphragma；Goldenrod likes nice and cool moist climate, resists cold.It is fertile, good rich in humus, draining to dredge Sand loam cultivation be advisable.Transplanting wants mu to be watered 80-100 jins of even sprayings, third day with 120-180ml Acetochlor in first 1 day Transplanting covers the advantageous loosing soil of mulch afterwards, tears mulch after seedling teleblem, exposes young crops outside film；

(2) it adds top dressing: after seedling turns green, holding according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, support and have Huang in blueness, mended in Huang, senior middle school, which has in short, short, to apply Principle, add the neat seedling of nitrate nitrogen solution in right amount.BOITING STAGE, pregnant flower bud phase take the circumstances into consideration to impose ammonium hydrogen carbonate or dung polluted water according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings Urine.After the harvesting of goldenrod mid-August, to mend and chase after barnyard manure, compost, garbage tankage or the growth of mixed fertilizer growth promoting new talent.

Sixth is that prevention and treatment disease pest harm

Diseases prevention

(1) root rot: the muggy weather of high temperature and humidity is easy to happen.Control method: selection water is good, and ventilation plot is reduced This disease occurs.Diseased plant is recorded with more than 50% bacterium or 70% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times of liquid pour；

(2) mosaic disease: being caused by a kind of virus, and aggrieved plant leaf is in floral leaf shape, plant atrophy.Control method: pay attention to The pests such as the aphid of transmitted virus are prevented and treated, choosing is reserved seed for planting without diseased plant, crop rotation.Seedling Stage and prosperous growth phase select decent job oligomeric per acre Sugar element 20g, which adds, is watered 45-50 kilograms than worm quinoline 30g；

(3) rust: being a kind of fungi, and the aggrieved plant leaf back side grows yellow rust shape spot, and cap goes out yellow powder.Prevention and treatment After method is turned green before seedling replanting with crop field, mu is sprayed blade positive and negative two with 20% triadimefon (triazolone) 600-800 times of liquid Face；

Insect-pest

The pest of goldenrod has grub, cutworm, mole cricket, wireworm etc. to endanger root and seedling, can be selected and pungent mixes phosphorus Or ground worm final hit or metrifonate powder are prevented and treated.There is bridging worm in BOITING STAGE, chlorine cyanogen can be selected in prodenia litura (also crying armyworm) harm The low toxicity medicine prevention and treatment such as pyrethroids, decis, Le Siben.

Seventh is that harvest, regrowth are reserved seed for planting in due course:

It can carry out cutting leaf for the first time within plantation the general 7-8 of goldenrod months.The specific time should hold blade in the beginning of autumn back brace and wave Hair oil forms peak period and carries out.Cutting leaf site should from the ground 5-10 centimetres, with favorably regrowth survives raising after autumn.Often with afternoon It is higher that seedling leaf oil content is cut before 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock at night.The blade cut off will be processed in time, if stacking too long, when exposure Between it is too long, can all influence oil yield and amount containing glucoside.Regrowth breeding shortens stem height, is not easy to be blown off after seed is mature, To improve seed production.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of high yield cultivating method of goldenrod, it is characterised in that include the following steps:

1) seed selects: high disease-free, the high-quality regrowth breeding of selective volatilization oil content, and seed is mature in nature；

2) nursery: selecting leeward place on the sunny side is nursery pond；Smooth nursery pond；It is uniformly spread at nursery pond bottom and fills out fine earth, fine earth Upper spraying insecticide；Antiseepage film is layered on fine earth and lining frame, and nursery pond is 13-18 centimetres deep；It is a height of that ceiling is built in nursery pond 80 centimetres of seedling growth greenhouse, is covered with agricultural film；Charing husk, peat, pearl powdered carbon are uniformly mixed into matrix, and matrix is packed into 200 Pass nursery vinyl disc；The sowing of mid-December to early January, is sowed first 2-3 days, is 6-7.2 to nursery pond injection pH value Clean water, until water depth is 13 centimetres；The morning of fine day is selected, every bunch planting enters 3-4 seeds, then uses the thin lid seed of matrix, general It broadcasts the nursery vinyl disc planted and was put into nursery pond in time in the same day, and keep wet by spraying with clear water；

3) seedling management

First time nutrient solution need to be added within after planting 25 days, second of nutrient solution need to be added within 40 days；Sowing kept nursery pond in 40 days Water level is maintained at 6 centimetres at 8-10 centimetres after being maintained within 40-50 days 8 centimetres, 50 days；Transplanting carries out picking seedling top dressing for first 1 week, Growth promoting new root, nursery pond water level are kept for 3 centimetres or so；Thinning is carried out in the small cross phase to fill the gaps with seedlings, and it is excessively prosperous and excessively weak to remove growing way Seedling fills the gaps with seedlings in hole, every cave is kept to have 1-2 plants of field run plants；When four leaves, the 50% anti-samping off of carbendazim, embroidery disease enter by spraying It invades, one mu of dosage is that the carbendazim of 100g concentration 50% is watered 30L even spraying；It chases after within 5-7 days before transplanting once to send and transfers medicine；

4) it transplants

The smooth land used of sandy soil is selected, foot decomposed pigs and cattle column excrement 1500-2,000 thousand under pressing every 667 squares after late rice harvesting Gram base manure being made, furrow are 0.9-1.2 meters wide, and furrow are 20-30 centimetres high, and 30 centimetres of furrow width；Transplanting first 1 day by 120-180ml second per acre Careless amine is watered 40-50L even sprayings；Before and after the Spring Equinox when rice shoot length to 12-15 centimeter length, by 30 cm x, 20 centimetres of specification Play cave plant；It is impregnated with water before lifting seedlings to rise to matrix is swollen, band root band fertilizer lifts seedlings, and pours root water after lifting seedlings；Transplanting covers behind third day Mulch；

5) it plants

After seedling turns green, mended by having in yellow in blueness, there is the principle applied in short in senior middle school, adds nitrate nitrogen solution；BOITING STAGE, Pregnant flower bud phase imposes ammonium hydrogen carbonate or people and animals' fecaluria；After the harvesting of goldenrod mid-August, to mend and chase after barnyard manure, compost, garbage tankage, or The growth of mixed fertilizer growth promoting new talent；

6) it harvests:

Goldenrod cuts leaf in progress in 7-8 months for the first time, before the specific time is 3 o'clock of afternoon after the beginning of autumn to 9 o'clock at night Cut miaoye；Cutting leaf site should from the ground 5-10 centimetres；The blade cut off extracts volatile oil in time；Regrowth breeding.

2. a kind of high yield cultivating method of goldenrod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the regrowth is strain Type is compact, blade width is moderate, well developed root system, absorption ability of nutrient are strong, bud extraction uniformly, the regrowth of no rust.

3. a kind of high yield cultivating method of goldenrod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: before the nursery pond Garlic, onion, composite family herbal medicine crop were not planted within stubble 2 years or more, weeds and crop in nursery pond are removed before smooth nursery pond The residual root and stem of certain plants.

4. a kind of high yield cultivating method of goldenrod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the matrix are as follows: charcoal Change husk, peat, pearl powdered carbon is that 5:4:1 is uniformly mixed in mass ratio, sprays clean water and mixes thoroughly, keeps matrix wet loosely to hand Hold it is agglomerating, touch i.e. dissipate degree.

5. a kind of high yield cultivating method of goldenrod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the nutrient solution are as follows: It is configured by the mass ratio 1:4000 of tobacco floating seed rearing special fertilizer and clear water.

6. a kind of high yield cultivating method of goldenrod according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: after planting, harvest The preceding prevention and treatment that should also carry out disease pest harm, control method are as follows:

A, root rot: selection water is good, and disease is reduced in ventilation plot；50% carbendazim of diseased plant or 70% thiophanate methyl At least one of 1000 times of liquid pour；

B, mosaic disease: the pests such as aphid of attention control transmitted virus, choosing are reserved seed for planting without diseased plant, crop rotation；Seedling Stage and prosperous growth Phase selects decent job oligosaccharide element 20g to add per acre and is watered 20-25L than worm quinoline 30g；

C, rust: after turning green before seedling replanting with crop field, it is positive and negative that blade is sprayed with 20% triadimefon, 600-800 times of liquid per acre Two sides；

F, insect pest: grub, cutworm, wireworm, mole cricket endanger the parasitosis of root and seedling, with it is pungent mix phosphorus, worm final hit, enemy hundred The prevention and treatment of at least one of worm powder；In the bridging worm of BOITING STAGE, prodenia litura harm, with cypermethrin, decis, Le Siben It is at least one.