CN110771462A - Method for planting paddy and dry land dual-purpose dry rice - Google Patents
Method for planting paddy and dry land dual-purpose dry rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting paddy-upland dual-purpose dry rice, which comprises the following steps: (1) performing hybrid breeding, namely performing repeated hybridization by using conventional rice as a female parent and wild rice as a male parent to obtain optimized seeds; (2) soil treatment including soil improvement and disinfection and disinsection; (3) soaking the seeds, namely drying the seeds for 6 to 8 hours, and soaking the seeds in saline water and hot water for 20 to 30 hours respectively; (4) sowing, namely sowing seeds in a field or a dry land by adopting any one mode of a field transplanting seedling raising method, a dibbling method or a direct seeding method; (5) irrigation management, soaking the land once with water for 5-7 days until the seedling is fed, spiced and seeded, and continuously keeping the soil wet; (6) the disease and pest control is carried out in a targeted mode in different control periods. The planting method disclosed by the invention is higher in yield and wider in adaptability, and is suitable for field planting and dry land planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of paddy planting, in particular to a method for planting paddy and upland dual-purpose dry rice.
Background
Rice is a main grain crop in China, and is from ancient times: the people take the food as day; and cloud: there is no Qian Jun san of grain every day, and grains can play an important role in people's life. In recent years, the paddy cultivation area is less and less, the planting area of the northern dry paddy exceeds two times and three times of the paddy cultivation area, and most of places with deficient water sources are barren and are not suitable for cultivation. However, rice is still one of the most important food crops, and therefore, there is a need to develop a method for planting rice with higher yield and wider adaptability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a planting method of paddy and upland dual-purpose dry rice, and aims to provide a rice planting method with higher yield and wider adaptability.
In order to realize the purpose, the planting method of the paddy-upland dual-purpose dry rice provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) performing hybrid breeding, namely performing repeated hybridization by using conventional rice as a female parent and wild rice as a male parent to obtain optimized seeds;
(2) soil treatment, namely planting biological fertilizer in the soil after autumn harvest in the last year to improve the soil, ploughing to loosen the soil, scattering powder or fresh medicine prepared from biological medicine obtained by planting in the soil into the soil during ploughing, and spraying mixed powder prepared from gelsemium elegans, tuba root, chinaberry fruit, threewingnut root, tea cake and tobacco into the soil to sterilize and deinsectize before sowing;
(3) soaking the seeds, namely drying the seeds for 6 to 8 hours, soaking the seeds in saline water for 20 to 30 hours, and soaking the seeds soaked in the saline water in hot water at the temperature of between 50 and 60 ℃ for 20 to 30 hours;
(4) sowing, namely sowing seeds in a field or a dry land by adopting any one mode of a field transplanting seedling raising method, a dibbling method or a direct seeding method;
(5) irrigation management, soaking the land once with water for 5-7 days until the seedling is fed, spiced and seeded, and continuously keeping the soil wet;
(6) the prevention and control of diseases and pests are realized in a targeted manner in different prevention and control periods, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
in the first prevention and control period, when tillering begins, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 200 g: diluting at a ratio of 50 jin, and spraying to kill borers;
in the second prevention and control period, the growth vigor and tillering vigorous period of the seedlings of the rice are controlled by mixing the high-efficiency biological insecticide with water according to the weight ratio of 500 g: after being diluted by 50 jin, the mixture is sprayed to prevent rice planthopper, rice blast and leaf roller;
in the third prevention and treatment period, when the seedling is fed with the embryo and the ear is pulled, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the proportion of 250 g: 50 jin of the mixture is diluted and sprayed to prevent rice blast;
in the fourth prevention and control period, in the period of ear-spike and flower-raising of the seedling and vigorous pollination, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 250 g: the pollination rate is enhanced by spraying after 50 jin of the fertilizer is diluted.
Preferably, the field transplanting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(4.1) pregermination, namely placing the soaked seeds in a sterilized clean cloth bag, placing the cloth bag on dry straws filled in a water-leaking basket or barrel, covering a layer of straws on the surface of the cloth bag for heat preservation, watering warm water for 2 to 3 times every day for pregermination, keeping the temperature environment of 16-25 ℃, and spraying a proper amount of biological liquid medicine and biological nutrient solution after 3-5 days of seed germination;
(4.2) sowing, wherein during seed soaking treatment, biological powder is mixed with biological fertilizer and is scattered into soil, the cultivated land is raked into thin mud, a space with the width of 40 cm-50 cm is reserved in a space with the width of every 1.2-1.6 m, the germinated seeds are sown in the thin mud, a bamboo broom is used for beating the seeds into the mud, then grass powder ash with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 cm is covered at the sowing position for heat preservation, a plurality of bamboo sheets are respectively bent into an arc shape in a field, and transparent films are covered on the arc-shaped bamboo sheets to ensure the seedling raising temperature of 20-30 ℃, wherein the biological powder and the biological fertilizer are mixed according to the weight of 15 kg: mixing 50 kg of the raw materials in parts by weight;
(4.3) managing the seedling raising, wherein seeds begin to sprout and emerge from the soil 3-5 days after sowing, the soil is kept moist in the period, and the seedling raising management is divided into the following different periods:
in the first management period, seedlings come out of the earth for 5-15 days, the seedlings begin to tillere and grow three leaves and one needle, during which, water is used for spraying the soil thoroughly, the film is opened in sunny days to ventilate the seedlings, the seedlings are irradiated by sunlight to carry out photosynthesis, the film is continuously closed before the sunset of the afternoon, and the indoor temperature is kept to promote the growth of the seedlings;
in the second management period, when seedlings come out of the soil for 15-25 days and have tillered 3-6 seedlings and grow to 15-20 cm, the film is lifted off, the soil is sprayed thoroughly with water, and then the diluted solution of the high-efficiency biological medicine concentrated nutrient solution is sprayed to prevent the diseases, wherein the ratio of the high-efficiency biological medicine concentrated nutrient solution to the water is 250 g and 30 jin of water is added;
in the third management period, seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and tillering 4-6 seedlings, and high-concentration biological medicine powder and organic biological fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 30 jin: uniformly stirring 100 jin in proportion, and raking into soil during ploughing;
(4.4) transplanting in a field, namely transplanting the seedlings with soil in the field, leaving 1-3 cross-shaped rows with the width of 40-50 cm in the middle of the field, keeping the water depth at 1 cm for 15 days, not needing water inflow after 15 days, and irrigating once in 5-7 days on a sunny day.
Preferably, in the field transplanting step, the field transplanting is performed according to a seedling growth cycle, including:
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 100 to 120 days is 6 to 8 inches, and 2 to 3 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of seedling transplanting plants in the period of 120-140 days is 7-9 inches, and 2 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 140 days to 150 days is 8-10 inches, and 1-2 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 150 to 160 days is 1 to 1.5 feet, and 1 seedling is one root.
Preferably, the on-demand method comprises:
sowing according to the growth cycle of the seeds, wherein the cycle is 100-120 days of seeds, 3-4 seeds are planted in one hole, and the row spacing is 5-8 inches; the period is 120-135 days, 2-3 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 7-9 inches; the period is 135 days to 145 days, 2-3 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 8-10 inches; seeds with the period of 145-160 days, 1-2 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 1-1.5 feet;
covering fine soil powder after sowing.
Preferably, the live broadcast method includes:
directly sowing the seeds which just germinate into the soil which is ploughed evenly, dividing the land into a plurality of blocks with the width not more than 2 meters, and sowing the seeds by leaving cross rows with the width of 40-50 centimeters in the middle.
Preferably, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution is prepared by decocting cassia bark, campanumaea pilosula, combined spicebush root, rabbit hair, fleece-flower root and rhizoma polygonati.
Preferably, the conventional rice is original conventional ten-line sticky rice with excellent ecological high quality, old conventional upland rice variety Gaoshannuo No. 1 or Shengli No. 1 conventional rice; the wild rice is original ecological high-quality wild rice embryo.
Preferably, the high-concentration biological powder is any one of 'zhufeng' rice soil loosening and seedling strengthening fertilizer, 'fei master' granules and Bai nong fertilizer crystals.
In the technical scheme of the invention, excellent variety preferential resources are selected for hybridization to obtain the preferred seeds with strong tillering, more roots and strips, large plant shape, thick and hard stems, long ears and more grains and high maturing rate; biological deinsectization materials are adopted for deinsectization, so that the environment is protected; the method saves seeds by adopting a sparse planting mode, ensures that the rice field has sufficient sunlight irradiation, enhances the disease resistance of the rice, is not easy to cause diseases and pests, and saves the time for preventing diseases and pests and labor force; the times and the cost of ploughing are reduced, and the production cost is increased; in transplanting, drying in the sun, direct seeding and dibbling, a cross-shaped line is left in the middle, so that field management and sufficient sunlight irradiation are facilitated, the disease resistance of the rice is improved, and diseases and pests are reduced; the dosage of the chemical fertilizer is reduced even the chemical fertilizer is not used, so that the soil is prevented from being hardened due to the damage of the chemical fertilizer to the soil; the use of pesticide is avoided or a small amount of pesticide is used, and the pesticide residue of the rice is avoided. Meanwhile, the method for planting the paddy and upland dual-purpose dry rice has the advantages of dual purposes of paddy and upland, wide adaptability, and capability of being cultivated in high-altitude, low-latitude, cold-waterlogged fields and all over the country; by adopting the method, the length of the rice ears is increased from 7-9 inches to 1-1.2 feet, the number of grains is increased from about 380 grains to 580-680 grains, and the yield per mu reaches five hundred to six hundred kilograms; the biological organic fertilizer, the biological medicine and the high-efficiency biological nutrient solution are applied to provide rich trace elements for soil, rice genes are not changed, high yield and harvest are guaranteed, and the obtained rice meets the requirements of environmental protection and health.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example one
In order to realize the purpose, the planting method of the paddy-upland dual-purpose dry rice provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) performing hybrid breeding, namely performing repeated hybridization by using conventional rice as a female parent and wild rice as a male parent to obtain optimized seeds; specifically, the conventional rice is original conventional ten-line sticky rice with excellent ecological high quality, old conventional upland rice of Gaoshannuo No. 1 or Shengli No. 1; the wild rice is original ecological high-quality wild rice embryo.
(2) Soil treatment, namely planting biological fertilizer in the soil after autumn harvest in the last year to improve the soil, ploughing to loosen the soil, scattering powder or fresh medicine prepared from biological medicine obtained by planting in the soil into the soil during ploughing, and spraying mixed powder prepared from gelsemium elegans, tuba root, chinaberry fruit, threewingnut root, tea cake and tobacco into the soil to sterilize and deinsectize before sowing; wherein the biological fertilizer can be safflower grass seed, greening grass seed, etc. During the ploughing process before the seed soaking treatment, the soil is loosened and elastic, and is not hardened, so that the fertilizer efficiency is long.
The biological medicine can be herba Cannabis, radix Toosendan, herba Taraxaci, etc. The biological medicine is sprayed into soil in the farmland to kill pests and bacteria, and the biological fertilizer and the biological medicine are easy to regain moisture in the afternoon in drought, so that the drought protection effect is fully achieved.
(3) Soaking seeds, namely drying the seeds for 6 to 8 hours, soaking the seeds in saline water for 24 hours, and soaking the seeds soaked in the saline water in hot water at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 24 hours; the sowing season is generally five days before and after grain rain according to the convention, but is determined according to the variety period and regional climate, the period is more than 150 days, and the film seedling is raised five days before and after clearness.
(4) Sowing, namely sowing seeds in the field by adopting a field transplanting seedling raising method;
specifically, the field transplanting seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(4.1) pregermination, namely placing the soaked seeds in a sterilized clean cloth bag, placing the cloth bag on dry straws filled in a water-leaking basket or barrel, covering a layer of straws on the surface of the cloth bag for heat preservation, watering warm water for 2 to 3 times every day for pregermination, keeping the temperature environment of 16-25 ℃, and spraying a proper amount of biological liquid medicine and biological nutrient solution after 3-5 days of seed germination; specifically, the biological nutrient solution can be sprayed by 200-250 g, and the bud breeding method can promote the disease resistance of tender buds, improve the survival rate of seedlings, make the seedlings sturdy, promote the development of root systems and promote the early maturity.
(4.2) sowing, wherein during seed soaking treatment, biological powder is mixed with biological fertilizer and is scattered into soil, the cultivated land is raked into thin mud, a space with the width of 40 centimeters is reserved in a space with the width of every 1.2-1.6 meters, the germinated seeds are sown in the thin mud, a bamboo broom is used for beating the seeds into the mud, then grass powder ash with the thickness of 0.1 centimeter is covered at the sowing position for heat preservation, a plurality of bamboo sheets are respectively bent into an arc shape in a field, and transparent films are covered on the arc-shaped bamboo sheets to ensure the seedling raising temperature of 20-30 ℃, wherein the biological powder and the biological fertilizer are mixed according to the weight of 15 kilograms: mixing 50 kg of the raw materials in parts by weight; the seedling raising mode is suitable for the variety period of more than 140 days and the cold climate of 15-20 ℃.
(4.3) managing the seedling raising, wherein seeds begin to sprout and emerge from the soil 3-5 days after sowing, the soil is kept moist in the period, and the seedling raising management is divided into the following different periods:
in the first management period, seedlings come out of the earth for 5-15 days, the seedlings begin to tillere and grow three leaves and one needle, during which, water is used for spraying the soil thoroughly, the film is opened in sunny days to ventilate the seedlings, the seedlings are irradiated by sunlight to carry out photosynthesis, the film is continuously closed before the sunset of the afternoon, and the indoor temperature is kept to promote the growth of the seedlings;
and in the second management period, when the seedlings come out of the soil for 15-25 days and have tillered 3-6 seedlings and grow to 15-20 cm, removing the film, spraying the diluted solution of the high-efficiency biological medicine concentrated nutrient solution to prevent the diseases after the soil is thoroughly sprayed with water, wherein the ratio of the high-efficiency biological medicine concentrated nutrient solution to the water is 250 g and 30 jin of water. The step can ensure that the seedlings are fully irradiated by sunlight, can promote the growth of the seedlings, can promote the seedlings to be sturdy and have developed root systems, and can enhance the disease resistance of the seedlings.
In the third management period, seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and tillering 4-6 seedlings, and high-concentration biological medicine powder and organic biological fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 30 jin: uniformly stirring 100 jin in proportion, and raking into soil during ploughing;
(4.4) transplanting in a field, namely transplanting the seedlings with soil in the field, leaving 1-3 cross-shaped rows with the width of 40-50 cm in the middle of the field, keeping the water depth at 1 cm for 15 days, not needing water inflow after 15 days, and irrigating once in 5-7 days on a sunny day. The irrigation method can make soil generate and maintain heat, promote growth of seedling, strengthen disease resistance of seedling and avoid diseases and pests. In addition, drip irrigation can be used to keep the soil moist.
The dry land planting can adopt seedling raising transplantation, and the seedlings need to be transplanted with soil, so that the survival rate of the seedlings can be improved, and the growth vigor of the seedlings can be promoted.
Further, in the field transplanting step, field transplanting is performed according to the seedling growth cycle, and the method comprises the following steps:
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 100 to 120 days is 6 to 8 inches, and 2 to 3 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of seedling transplanting plants in the period of 120-140 days is 7-9 inches, and 2 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 140 days to 150 days is 8-10 inches, and 1-2 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 150 to 160 days is 1 to 1.5 feet, and 1 seedling is one root.
(5) Irrigation management, soaking the land once with water for 5-7 days until the seedling is fed, spiced and seeded, and continuously keeping the soil wet;
(6) the prevention and control of diseases and pests are realized in a targeted manner in different prevention and control periods, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
in the first prevention and control period, when tillering begins, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 200 g: diluting at a ratio of 50 jin, and spraying to kill borers;
in the second prevention and control period, the growth vigor and tillering vigorous period of the seedlings of the rice are controlled by mixing the high-efficiency biological insecticide with water according to the weight ratio of 500 g: after being diluted by 50 jin, the mixture is sprayed to prevent rice planthopper, rice blast and leaf roller;
in the third prevention and treatment period, when the seedling is fed with the embryo and the ear is pulled, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the proportion of 250 g: 50 jin of the mixture is diluted and sprayed to prevent rice blast;
in the fourth prevention and control period, in the period of ear-spike and flower-raising of the seedling and vigorous pollination, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 250 g: the pollination rate is enhanced by spraying after 50 jin of the fertilizer is diluted.
Preferably, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution is prepared by decocting guangui, campanumaea pilosula, combined spicebush root, rabbit hair, fleece-flower root and rhizoma polygonati, and the decocted solution is bottled to 250 g/bottle.
Preferably, the high-concentration biological powder is any one of 'zhufeng' rice soil loosening and seedling strengthening fertilizer, 'fei master' granules and Bai nong fertilizer crystals.
In the technical scheme of the invention, excellent variety preferential resources are selected for hybridization to obtain the preferred seeds with strong tillering, more roots and strips, large plant shape, thick and hard stems, long ears and more grains and high maturing rate; biological deinsectization materials are adopted for deinsectization, so that the environment is protected; the method saves seeds by adopting a sparse planting mode, ensures that the rice field has sufficient sunlight irradiation, enhances the disease resistance of the rice, is not easy to cause diseases and pests, and saves the time for preventing diseases and pests and labor force; the times and the cost of ploughing are reduced, and the production cost is increased; in transplanting, drying in the sun, direct seeding and dibbling, a cross-shaped line is left in the middle, so that field management and sufficient sunlight irradiation are facilitated, the disease resistance of the rice is improved, and diseases and pests are reduced; the dosage of the chemical fertilizer is reduced even the chemical fertilizer is not used, so that the soil is prevented from being hardened due to the damage of the chemical fertilizer to the soil; the use of pesticide is avoided or a small amount of pesticide is used, and the pesticide residue of the rice is avoided. Meanwhile, the method for planting the paddy and upland dual-purpose dry rice has the advantages of dual purposes of paddy and upland, wide adaptability, and capability of being cultivated in high-altitude, low-latitude, cold-waterlogged fields and all over the country; by adopting the method, the length of the rice ears is increased from 7-9 inches to 1-1.2 feet, the number of grains is increased from about 380 grains to 580-680 grains, and the yield per mu reaches five hundred to six hundred kilograms; the biological organic fertilizer, the biological medicine and the high-efficiency biological nutrient solution are applied to provide rich trace elements for soil, rice genes are not changed, high yield and harvest are guaranteed, and the obtained rice meets the requirements of environmental protection and health.
Example two
The planting method of the paddy-upland dual-purpose upland rice provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) performing hybrid breeding, namely performing repeated hybridization by using conventional rice as a female parent and wild rice as a male parent to obtain optimized seeds; preferably, the conventional rice is original conventional ten-line sticky rice with excellent ecological high quality, old conventional upland rice variety Gaoshannuo No. 1 or Shengli No. 1 conventional rice; the wild rice is original ecological high-quality wild rice embryo.
(2) Soil treatment, namely planting biological fertilizer in the soil after autumn harvest in the last year to improve the soil, ploughing to loosen the soil, scattering powder or fresh medicine prepared from biological medicine obtained by planting in the soil into the soil during ploughing, and spraying mixed powder prepared from gelsemium elegans, tuba root, chinaberry fruit, threewingnut root, tea cake and tobacco into the soil to sterilize and deinsectize before sowing;
(3) soaking seeds, namely drying the seeds for 6 to 8 hours, soaking the seeds in saline water for 28 hours, and soaking the seeds soaked in the saline water in hot water at the temperature of 52 ℃ for 28 hours;
(4) sowing, namely sowing seeds in dry land by adopting a dibbling method;
the on-demand method comprises the following steps:
sowing according to the growth cycle of the seeds, wherein the cycle is 100-120 days of seeds, 3-4 seeds are planted in one hole, and the row spacing is 5-8 inches; the period is 120-135 days, 2-3 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 7-9 inches; the period is 135 days to 145 days, 2-3 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 8-10 inches; seeds with the period of 145-160 days, 1-2 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 1-1.5 feet;
covering fine soil powder after sowing.
(5) Irrigation management, soaking the land once with water for 5-7 days until the seedling is fed, spiced and seeded, and continuously keeping the soil wet;
(6) the prevention and control of diseases and pests are realized in a targeted manner in different prevention and control periods, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
in the first prevention and control period, when tillering begins, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 200 g: diluting at a ratio of 50 jin, and spraying to kill borers;
in the second prevention and control period, the growth vigor and tillering vigorous period of the seedlings of the rice are controlled by mixing the high-efficiency biological insecticide with water according to the weight ratio of 500 g: after being diluted by 50 jin, the mixture is sprayed to prevent rice planthopper, rice blast and leaf roller;
in the third prevention and treatment period, when the seedling is fed with the embryo and the ear is pulled, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the proportion of 250 g: 50 jin of the mixture is diluted and sprayed to prevent rice blast;
in the fourth prevention and control period, in the period of ear-spike and flower-raising of the seedling and vigorous pollination, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 250 g: the pollination rate is enhanced by spraying after 50 jin of the fertilizer is diluted.
Preferably, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution is prepared by decocting cassia bark, campanumaea pilosula, combined spicebush root, rabbit hair, fleece-flower root and rhizoma polygonati.
Preferably, the high-concentration biological powder is any one of 'zhufeng' rice soil loosening and seedling strengthening fertilizer, 'fei master' granules and Bai nong fertilizer crystals.
EXAMPLE III
The planting method of the paddy-upland dual-purpose upland rice provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) performing hybrid breeding, namely performing repeated hybridization by using conventional rice as a female parent and wild rice as a male parent to obtain optimized seeds; preferably, the conventional rice is original conventional ten-line sticky rice with excellent ecological high quality, old conventional upland rice variety Gaoshannuo No. 1 or Shengli No. 1 conventional rice; the wild rice is original ecological high-quality wild rice embryo.
(2) Soil treatment, namely planting biological fertilizer in the soil after autumn harvest in the last year to improve the soil, ploughing to loosen the soil, scattering powder or fresh medicine prepared from biological medicine obtained by planting in the soil into the soil during ploughing, and spraying mixed powder prepared from gelsemium elegans, tuba root, chinaberry fruit, threewingnut root, tea cake and tobacco into the soil to sterilize and deinsectize before sowing;
(3) soaking seeds, namely drying the seeds for 6 to 8 hours, soaking the seeds in saline water for 22 hours, and soaking the seeds soaked in the saline water in hot water at the temperature of 53 ℃ for 22 hours;
(4) sowing, namely sowing seeds in dry land by adopting a direct sowing method;
preferably, the live broadcast method includes:
directly sowing the seeds which just germinate into the soil which is ploughed evenly, dividing the land into a plurality of blocks with the width not more than 2 meters, and sowing the seeds by leaving cross rows with the width of 40 centimeters in the middle.
(5) Irrigation management, soaking the land once with water for 5-7 days until the seedling is fed, spiced and seeded, and continuously keeping the soil wet;
(6) the prevention and control of diseases and pests are realized in a targeted manner in different prevention and control periods, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
in the first prevention and control period, when tillering begins, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 200 g: diluting at a ratio of 50 jin, and spraying to kill borers;
in the second prevention and control period, the growth vigor and tillering vigorous period of the seedlings of the rice are controlled by mixing the high-efficiency biological insecticide with water according to the weight ratio of 500 g: after being diluted by 50 jin, the mixture is sprayed to prevent rice planthopper, rice blast and leaf roller;
in the third prevention and treatment period, when the seedling is fed with the embryo and the ear is pulled, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the proportion of 250 g: 50 jin of the mixture is diluted and sprayed to prevent rice blast;
in the fourth prevention and control period, in the period of ear-spike and flower-raising of the seedling and vigorous pollination, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 250 g: the pollination rate is enhanced by spraying after 50 jin of the fertilizer is diluted.
Preferably, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution is prepared by decocting cassia bark, campanumaea pilosula, combined spicebush root, rabbit hair, fleece-flower root and rhizoma polygonati.
Preferably, the high-concentration biological powder is any one of 'zhufeng' rice soil loosening and seedling strengthening fertilizer, 'fei master' granules and Bai nong fertilizer crystals.
The rice seedling four-ear obtained by the planting method of the invention can obviously improve the rice ear length, the grain quantity and the acre yield no matter the rice seedling is planted in dry land or field land. In addition, the invention adopts a thin planting mode, saves seeds, and only 0.25-0.5 kg of seeds is needed per mu. Compared with the common hybrid rice, the seeds obtained in the hybrid breeding process have the following defects in hybrid rice planting:
1. the hybrid rice needs to be cultivated two to three times, the seedling transplanting is dense, the tillering is low, the tillering of each root is only 10 to 20, the ear is only 6 to 8 inches short, the grains are few, each ear only has 280 plus 380 grains, and each plant needs to be transplanted two to three, so that the seed quantity demand is large, and 0.75 to 1 kilogram of seeds needs to be planted per mu;
2. the irrigation time of the hybrid rice field is long, and the hybrid rice needs to be soaked in water for a long time of 3 months from the time of transplanting to the time of 15 days before harvesting;
3. hybrid rice is soaked for a long time and transplanted densely, so that the sunlight irradiation is poor and the ventilation quantity is poor, so that diseases and insects are easily infected, the times and the labor amount for preventing the diseases and the insects are large due to more diseases and the insects, the pesticide application amount is large, the labor and financial cost are increased, and the human health is seriously harmed;
4. the hybrid rice damages soil quality by using chemical fertilizer for a long time, and soil hardening is caused.
The planting method has the following advantages:
1. the high-quality bio-organic fertilizer is used, so that the soil can be improved, loosened and not hardened;
2. in transplanting, dibbling or direct seeding, cross lines are reserved in rice fields, and the three-dry three-wet method and the thin planting mode promote sunlight irradiation and ventilation, reduce insect pests and promote growth vigor of seedlings;
3. the high-quality biological medicine is used for killing pest bacteria in soil, improving the disease resistance of the rice and ensuring that the rice is not easy to generate pests;
the planting method of the invention increases the length of the rice grain ears from the conventional 7-9 inches to 1-1.2 feet, increases the number of the grains from about 380 grains to 580-680 grains, and achieves the yield of five hundred to six hundred kilograms per mu; the biological organic fertilizer, the biological medicine and the high-efficiency biological nutrient solution are applied to provide rich trace elements for soil, rice genes are not changed, high yield and harvest are guaranteed, and the obtained rice meets the requirements of environmental protection and health.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for planting paddy and upland dual-purpose dry rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) performing hybrid breeding, namely performing repeated hybridization by using conventional rice as a female parent and wild rice as a male parent to obtain optimized seeds;
(2) soil treatment, namely planting biological fertilizer in the soil after autumn harvest in the last year to improve the soil, ploughing to loosen the soil, scattering powder or fresh medicine prepared from biological medicine obtained by planting in the soil into the soil during ploughing, and spraying mixed powder prepared from gelsemium elegans, tuba root, chinaberry fruit, threewingnut root, tea cake and tobacco into the soil to sterilize and deinsectize before sowing;
(3) soaking the seeds, namely drying the seeds for 6 to 8 hours, soaking the seeds in saline water for 20 to 30 hours, and soaking the seeds soaked in the saline water in hot water at the temperature of between 50 and 60 ℃ for 20 to 30 hours;
(4) sowing, namely sowing seeds in a field or a dry land by adopting any one mode of a field transplanting seedling raising method, a dibbling method or a direct seeding method;
(5) irrigation management, soaking the land once with water for 5-7 days until the seedling is fed, spiced and seeded, and continuously keeping the soil wet;
(6) the prevention and control of diseases and pests are realized in a targeted manner in different prevention and control periods, and the prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
in the first prevention and control period, when tillering begins, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 200 g: diluting at a ratio of 50 jin, and spraying to kill borers;
in the second prevention and control period, the growth vigor and tillering vigorous period of the seedlings of the rice are controlled by mixing the high-efficiency biological insecticide with water according to the weight ratio of 500 g: after being diluted by 50 jin, the mixture is sprayed to prevent rice planthopper, rice blast and leaf roller;
in the third prevention and treatment period, when the seedling is fed with the embryo and the ear is pulled, the high-efficiency biological insecticide and water are mixed according to the proportion of 250 g: 50 jin of the mixture is diluted and sprayed to prevent rice blast;
in the fourth prevention and control period, in the period of ear-spike and flower-raising of the seedling and vigorous pollination, the high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution and water are mixed according to the weight ratio of 250 g: the pollination rate is enhanced by spraying after 50 jin of the fertilizer is diluted.
2. The planting method of the upland and field dual-purpose dry rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field transplantation seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
(4.1) pregermination, namely placing the soaked seeds in a sterilized clean cloth bag, placing the cloth bag on dry straws filled in a water-leaking basket or barrel, covering a layer of straws on the surface of the cloth bag for heat preservation, watering warm water for 2 to 3 times every day for pregermination, keeping the temperature environment of 16-25 ℃, and spraying a proper amount of biological liquid medicine and biological nutrient solution after 3-5 days of seed germination;
(4.2) sowing, wherein during seed soaking treatment, biological powder is mixed with biological fertilizer and is scattered into soil, the cultivated land is raked into thin mud, a space with the width of 40 cm-50 cm is reserved in a space with the width of every 1.2-1.6 m, the germinated seeds are sown in the thin mud, a bamboo broom is used for beating the seeds into the mud, then grass powder ash with the thickness of 0.1-0.2 cm is covered at the sowing position for heat preservation, a plurality of bamboo sheets are respectively bent into an arc shape in a field, and transparent films are covered on the arc-shaped bamboo sheets to ensure the seedling raising temperature of 20-30 ℃, wherein the biological powder and the biological fertilizer are mixed according to the weight of 15 kg: mixing 50 kg of the raw materials in parts by weight;
(4.3) managing the seedling raising, wherein seeds begin to sprout and emerge from the soil 3-5 days after sowing, the soil is kept moist in the period, and the seedling raising management is divided into the following different periods:
in the first management period, seedlings come out of the earth for 5-15 days, the seedlings begin to tillere and grow three leaves and one needle, during which, water is used for spraying the soil thoroughly, the film is opened in sunny days to ventilate the seedlings, the seedlings are irradiated by sunlight to carry out photosynthesis, the film is continuously closed before the sunset of the afternoon, and the indoor temperature is kept to promote the growth of the seedlings;
in the second management period, when seedlings come out of the soil for 15-25 days and have tillered 3-6 seedlings and grow to 15-20 cm, the film is lifted off, the soil is sprayed thoroughly with water, and then the diluted solution of the high-efficiency biological medicine concentrated nutrient solution is sprayed to prevent the diseases, wherein the ratio of the high-efficiency biological medicine concentrated nutrient solution to the water is 250 g and 30 jin of water is added;
in the third management period, seedlings grow to 15-20 cm and tillering 4-6 seedlings, and high-concentration biological medicine powder and organic biological fertilizer are mixed according to the weight ratio of 30 jin: uniformly stirring 100 jin in proportion, and raking into soil during ploughing;
(4.4) transplanting in a field, namely transplanting the seedlings with soil in the field, leaving 1-3 cross-shaped rows with the width of 40-50 cm in the middle of the field, keeping the water depth at 1 cm for 15 days, not needing water inflow after 15 days, and irrigating once in 5-7 days on a sunny day.
3. The method for planting upland and field rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein said step of transplanting the field in accordance with the seedling growth cycle comprises:
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 100 to 120 days is 6 to 8 inches, and 2 to 3 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of seedling transplanting plants in the period of 120-140 days is 7-9 inches, and 2 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 140 days to 150 days is 8-10 inches, and 1-2 seedlings are planted in one root;
the row spacing of the transplanted seedlings in the period of 150 to 160 days is 1 to 1.5 feet, and 1 seedling is one root.
4. The method for planting upland and rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein said dibbling method comprises:
sowing according to the growth cycle of the seeds, wherein the cycle is 100-120 days of seeds, 3-4 seeds are planted in one hole, and the row spacing is 5-8 inches; the period is 120-135 days, 2-3 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 7-9 inches; the period is 135 days to 145 days, 2-3 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 8-10 inches; seeds with the period of 145-160 days, 1-2 seeds are used for one hole, and the row spacing is 1-1.5 feet;
covering fine soil powder after sowing.
5. The method for planting upland and rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein said direct seeding method comprises:
directly sowing the seeds which just germinate into the soil which is ploughed evenly, dividing the land into a plurality of blocks with the width not more than 2 meters, and sowing the seeds by leaving cross rows with the width of 40-50 centimeters in the middle.
6. The planting method of upland and rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein said high-efficiency biological concentrated nutrient solution is prepared from cortex Cinnamomi, radix Campanumoeae, radix Linderae, rabbit hair, Polygoni Multiflori radix, and rhizoma Polygonati by decocting.
7. The planting method of the upland and field upland rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein said conventional rice is original conventional ten-line glutinous rice, old conventional upland rice variety Gaoshan glutinous No. 1 or Shengli No. 1 conventional rice of excellent ecological high quality; the wild rice is original ecological high-quality wild rice embryo.
8. The planting method of the upland and field dual-purpose upland rice as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the high-concentration biological medicinal powder is any one of "zhufeng" rice soil loosening and seedling strengthening fertilizer, "master fertilizer" granules and Bainong fertilizer crystal.
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