CN103283549A - Cultivation method of pollution-free high-quality selenium-zinc rice - Google Patents

Cultivation method of pollution-free high-quality selenium-zinc rice Download PDF

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CN103283549A
CN103283549A CN201310265032XA CN201310265032A CN103283549A CN 103283549 A CN103283549 A CN 103283549A CN 201310265032X A CN201310265032X A CN 201310265032XA CN 201310265032 A CN201310265032 A CN 201310265032A CN 103283549 A CN103283549 A CN 103283549A
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seedling
water
seed
rice
soil
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CN103283549B (en
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王国潞
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DANSAI QIANDAN SELENIUM INDUSTRY Co Ltd
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DANSAI QIANDAN SELENIUM INDUSTRY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of pollution-free high-quality selenium-zinc rice. The cultivation method is obtained by integrating techniques of producing area environment, seed breeding, planting, and agricultural inputs application. The selected producing area environment needs to be good in ecological conditions, convenient for drainage and irrigation, good in soil water and fertility retention, more than 2.0% in organics content and 5.0-7.5 in pH value, needs to have good lighting condition, needs to have environment air quality, field irrigation quality, field fertilizer converting ability and environmental soil all meeting the technical conditions of Ny391 green food producing area environment, needs to have soil trace elements satisfying the base with Se content of 0.25-1.5PPM and Zn content of 50-300PPM, and is preferably selected in Danzhai of Guizhou. Seeds are mainly chosen from Diantun 502 and meet the high-quality rice varieties nationally approved. The planting step includes seedling raising, seeding, strong seedling raising, timely early planting, reasonable dense planting, field fertilizer and water management, disease and pest damage control, and timely harvesting.

Description

A kind of breeding method of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice
Technical field
The invention belongs to the paddy rice field of planting, concrete is a kind of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice and breeding method thereof.
Background technology:Selenium, zinc are the needed by human body trace elements, people have developed rich selenium zinc food such as selenium zinc rice, selenium zinc tea, Chinese patent 200810137021.2 discloses a kind of " being rich in enriched rice and the production method thereof of organic selenium, zinc and chromium " in an open day 2009.2.4, be the rice milking stage phase respectively at different plot Spraying Se solution, zinc solution and chromium solution; Chinese patent 200410009346.4 discloses " a kind of cultivation method of selenium-rich rice " in an open day 2005.4.27, is to spray inorganic selenium-rich agent at the paddy rice earing flowering initial stage.
The Danzhai is one of main paddy rice producing region, Guizhou, through authoritative departments such as Guizhou Province's geological sciences research institute investigation sampling and assay identification, Jin Zhong farm, Danzhai County and dragon's fountain, the Xingren, Yang Wu, the most of regional Selenium in Soil content average out to 0.46PPM in small towns such as green for a long time and Nan Gao, zinc content average out to 209PPM, the superior rice of producing is checked through Guizhou Province's geological sciences research institute, the selenium average content is 0.045 PPM, the zinc average content is 19.9 PPM, meet human body normal physiological growth needs, advantageous rich selenium soil condition, very suitable the cultivation and the rich selenium rice of production high-quality.
Summary of the invention:The present invention is directed to the nuisanceless production of Danzhai selenium zinc rice, the application technology that has proposed nuisanceless Danzhai selenium zinc rice home environment, seed breeding, culture technique, agriculture input use is integrated, promotes the safety in production of nuisanceless Danzhai selenium zinc rice.
A kind of breeding method of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice is integrated the forming of application technology of being used by home environment, seed breeding, growing and cultivation, agriculture input, it is characterized in that:
The home environment base selects ecological condition good, and it is convenient to have irrigation and drainage simultaneously, and soil water-retaining, fertilizer-preserving ability are better, and the content of organic matter is more than 2.0%, pH value 5.0-7.5; Illumination condition is good, and ambient air quality, field irrigation water quality, farmland transform fertile matter and ambient soil meets NY391 pollution-free food home environment technical conditions, and soil trace element meets Se and contains 0.25-1.5PPM, Zn content 50-300 PPM requirement;
Seed is selected to meet the grain quality rice kind of country's authorization based on village, Yunnan 502;
Growing and cultivation comprises the strong seedling of seedling, sowing, cultivation, early plants in good time, rational close planting, land for growing field crops rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, harvesting in time;
A, seedling comprise non-irrigated seedling raising method and two sections seedling raising methods,
A elite seed: selecting full seed, aseptic fresh paddy with selection by winnowing, screening, wet concentration is seed;
B seed disinfection: basked seeds before the seed soaking 1-2 days, and utilized the solar ultraviolet killing pathogenic bacteria; Simultaneously, basking seeds is conducive to absorb water evenly, improves germination rate, or soaks seed 2-3 days with 1% quicklime, does not stir during seed soaking; Or with 500 times of strong chlorine oil medicaments seed soaking sterilization, soup is higher than 1 centimetre in seed, soak seed 12 hours, has the most handy natural pond, the place liquid of biogas to soak seed, and breaks bud after rinsing well with clear water then;
C seed break bud: with woven bag with the seed rinsed well with the preheating of drenching of warm water more than 45 ℃, be seated in the greenhouse or acid heat thing excrement on, keep 35-38 ℃ of rapidly broken chest, carry out vernalization then;
B, sowing
A date of seeding: take non-irrigated seedling raising method seedling, date of seeding, grasped and to stablize common 10 ℃ at daily mean temperature and be sowing time, i.e. late March-early April; Take two sections seedling raising method seedling, the date of seeding grasp is posted seedling phase temperature in the first batch and is stablized common 12 ℃, and the sowing time required in early April;
B sowing quantity: 502 kinds are collectd in Yunnan, non-irrigated seedling, every mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantity is 1.5 kilograms; 1.25 kilograms of two sections seedling;
C seeding quantity: non-irrigated seedling raising method seedling, according to water condition, take little, in, big seedling raising and transplanting, 3.5-4.5 seedling leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 150 gram bud paddy for every square metre; 4.5-6.5 middle seedling leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 80-100 gram bud paddy for every square metre, 6.5-8.5 seedlings leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 50 gram bud paddy for every square metre; Two sections seedling, greenhouse are educated every square metre of seedling and are broadcast 1 kilogram of seed rice; Seedling is educated on the dam, field, and ferment material is educated every square metre of seedling and broadcast 0.5 kilogram of seed rice;
C, the strong seedling of cultivation
A the drought seedling
The seedbed is selected: select fertile soil, loose ventilative, leeward on the sunny side, near water source, subterranean water level more than 50 centimetres, irrigation and drainage make things convenient for the rice field of meta-acid soil or vegetable plot to make bed;
The seedbed fertilising: 7 days prior to seeding, calculate by every square metre of seedbed, disposable 0 kilogram of the abundant decomposed dung 5~l that applies mixes with 1 5~20 cm layer of soil altogether, and is whole carefully smooth; Broadcast preceding 5~7 days, every square metre applies 1 liang of ammonium nitrate, 4 liang of superphosphate, and potassium sulphate 40 gram evenly applies and mixes with bed soil in 10~15 centimetres the bed soil and flatten;
Do the railway carriage or compartment: arrangement of time is l~2 day prior to seeding, at first sift out an amount of fine earth, and in order to lid kind of a usefulness, trench digging is done the railway carriage or compartment then;
Seedling bed regulating acid: when the little fourth 5.5 of soil pH value, can not acid adjustment, the pH value need be carried out acid adjustment 5.5 when above, namely finishes every square metre of seedbed, back and converts with 10% vinegar, 100 grams that clear water is bold and vigorous to be executed or spray doing the railway carriage or compartment;
Sowing: water at twice on the bed of making, water all makes water overflow bed surface at every turn, waters for the second time every 20 public clocks; Then carry out a soil disinfection, after watering sufficient water, convert water with fenaminosulf 2.5 grams and phoxim baythion 1.5 grams for every square metre and spray the railway carriage or compartment face for 5 kilograms, meet fine day, dosage reduces by half; Select the fine day of the warm weather of cold tail or cloudy day to weigh up required bud paddy by seeding quantity during premature rice and divide and be sprinkling upon equably several times on the bed surface, with flat board seed is pressed in the soil gently again; Lid kind then with sieving fine earth lid kind, sprays clear water again, makes that cover the seed fine earth fully drenched, if expose seed again behind water spray, mends and covers fine earth, sprays clear water again, repeatedly several times, is to spend up to cannot see seed; Built epiphragma immediately after lid kind finishes, frame covers plastic sheeting for farm use for high 50 centimetres, with soil will around press, take off the film hardening after treating together;
Temperature treatment during the seedbed: to 30~25 ℃ on upright pin, leaf to two leaf keeps 25 ℃ from premature rice;
Water management: during overlay film, generally do not sprinkle water, as obvious lack of water, should in time spray permeable; Take off behind the film before play seedling, though the bed surface cracking, as long as noon, blade was not rolled up letter, all unsuitable moisturizings, if water sheet reel, be in moisturizing on that night; Play seedling dusk the previous day, water once permeable in conjunction with the fertilizer of standing up; Take off film and generally take off film at 7~10 Da Qi seedlings after planting; Prevent the cold wave wound early spring, can take off film later at 3 leaves, sprinkling immediately is once permeable, to remedy the soil moisture deficiency;
Spray paclobutrazol and fenaminosulf, with short tiller early with prevent and treat damping off, a leaf wholeheartedly sprays 15% paclobutrazol 500 times of liquid of 0.3 gram and 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 2.5 grams to every square metre of one heart stage of two leaves; Topdress: as long as bed is fostered and apply fertilizer up to standardly, seedling does not generally topdress, in, seedlings look feelings and spray 1% urea liquid, management to 5~8 leaves play transplantation of seedlings;
B two sections seedling
Seedling is educated in the greenhouse: will suction moisture, and evenly sow seeds 1 kilogram by every square metre through sterilization, the seed rice of removing flat material, mould grain impurity and to put into indoor in the seedling dish; Temperature and humidity management: broken chest is to 35~38 ℃ on upright pin, and husk is moistening, and the seedling dish is ponding not; 28~32 ℃ on upright pin to a leaf, 25~28 ℃ on leaf to two leaf keeps blade tip osmanthus dewdrop, and the seedling dish is ponding not, takes off the film hardening then and posted seedling in one day;
Seedling is educated on dam or ferment material is educated seedling: will go into film with the seed rice behind the broken chest of 35~38 ℃ of high temperature vernalization and enter seedling, temperature and humidity management refines to taking off film that to educate the seedling mode with the greenhouse identical from upright pin in the film;
More than two kinds educate the seedling mode and all execute 500 times of liquid of 15% paclobutrazol 0.3 gram at leaf to two foliar spray and post seedling after one day, field, seedling ground uses sufficient 20000 kilograms of fertilizers for every mu, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, rake the back with plank by 1.5 meters branch railway carriage or compartments, post 1 * 2 to 2 * 2 cun of seedling specification, strengthen seedling ground field management, treat to have about 35 days length of time rice seedlings grow 6.5~8 leaves to transplant the land for growing field crops in good time;
D, plant in good time early, rational close planting
Seedling early according to water condition, takes in 3.5~4.5 leaf seedlings, 4.5~6.5 leaves seedling early to plant in good time, generally requires about 1 cun of the water-sprinkling short tiller early that transplants seedlings, and transplants before May 5 and finishes, and two sections seedling require to transplant by the end of May to finish; Transplant seedlings and carry out the directed stay cord of standardization and plant, must accomplish to spare, straight, shallow, steady, no seedling injury is planted quality with raising as far as possible; Accomplish during transplanting to be with medicine to go to the field, can suppress germ and grow, transplanting method is with width behavior master, and the narrow strain of wide row is harmonious, and suits measures to local conditions to carry out rational close planting;
E, land for growing field crops rich water quality management
Field management with the principle that mend early foot, middle control, back, is transplanted preceding disposable seedling and is applied 1500 kilograms of fertilizers, and the grain quality rice proprietary formula composite fertilizer 50 public Rooms, potash fertilizer are made base fertilizer for 20 kilograms; Plant the back and imposed 4~7 kilograms in urea in conjunction with chemical herbicide mu in 7~10 days, two days phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogens of Qi Sui are done the blade face and are mended and execute; Water starch management is turned green with shallow water, and thin moisture tiller has the water heading, does wet strong grain universe ground water starch management, avoids and cuts off the water supply too early;
F, harvesting in time: generally in heading back about 40 days, with 90% grain flavescence on the spike of rice, namely complete yellow, the tillering tassel of main fringe had 3/4 when yellow from the top to the middle part, and it is comparatively suitable to gather in.
Danzhai, preferential Guizhou, described base is domestic; Also can use rich selenium zinc fertilizer or rich selenium zinc-base matter to reach.
That seed also can be selected is accurate two excellent 527, suitable fragrant excellent No. 2, red excellent No. 1, excellent No. 2 of abundant perfume (or spice), excellent No. 9 kinds of interior perfume (or spice), 1.0 kilograms of every mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantities of non-irrigated seedling; 0.75 kilogram of two sections seedling sowing quantity.
Cultivate the railway carriage or compartment of doing of strong seedling step, general railway carriage or compartment is wide by 1.2~rice l.3,30 centimetres of railway carriage or compartment furrow widths, 20 centimetres of ditch depths, railway carriage or compartment length decide according to physical features, but should not surpass 10 meters, guarantees the temperature of shed unanimity, and every mu of land for growing field crops bed surface amasss 30 square metres.
The seedling bed regulating acid another kind method of cultivating strong seedling step is that every square metre of seedbed enriches superphosphate 100~150 grams and 10~15 centimetres of bed soil mixings.
Plant in good time early, in the rational close planting step D, middle low altitude area is planted the cave number for every mu and is reached about 1.2~1.4 ten thousand, adopts specification: capable (10+6)/2 * 6 of width cun, or 9 * 5 cun; In the high altitude localities, plant the cave number for every mu and reach about 1.4~1.6 ten thousand, adopt specification: (10+6)/2 * 5 cun, or 8 * 5 cun.
The present invention is that the application technology of nuisanceless Danzhai selenium zinc rice home environment, seed breeding, culture technique, agriculture input use is integrated, promotes the safety in production of nuisanceless Danzhai selenium zinc rice.The superior rice that the present invention produces is through the check of Guizhou Province's geological sciences research institute, and the selenium average content is that 0.045 PPM, zinc average content are 19.9 PPM, meets human body normal physiological growth needs.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, breeding method embodiment, feature and the effect thereof of a kind of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice that foundation the present invention is proposed, describe in detail as after.
A kind of breeding method of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice is integrated the forming of application technology of being used by home environment, seed breeding, growing and cultivation, agriculture input, it is characterized in that:
The home environment base selects ecological condition good, and it is convenient to have irrigation and drainage simultaneously, and soil water-retaining, fertilizer-preserving ability are better, and the content of organic matter is more than 2.0%, pH value 5.0-7.5; Illumination condition is good, and ambient air quality, field irrigation water quality, farmland transform fertile matter and ambient soil meets NY391 pollution-free food home environment technical conditions, and soil trace element meets Se and contains 0.25-1.5PPM, Zn content 50-300 PPM requirement;
Seed is selected to meet the grain quality rice kind of country's authorization based on village, Yunnan 502;
Growing and cultivation comprises the strong seedling of seedling, sowing, cultivation, early plants in good time, rational close planting, land for growing field crops rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, harvesting in time;
A, seedling comprise non-irrigated seedling raising method and two sections seedling raising methods,
A elite seed: selecting full seed, aseptic fresh paddy with selection by winnowing, screening, wet concentration is seed;
B seed disinfection: basked seeds before the seed soaking 1-2 days, and utilized the solar ultraviolet killing pathogenic bacteria; Simultaneously, basking seeds is conducive to absorb water evenly, improves germination rate, or soaks seed 2-3 days with 1% quicklime, does not stir during seed soaking; Or with 500 times of strong chlorine oil medicaments seed soaking sterilization, soup is higher than 1 centimetre in seed, soak seed 12 hours, has the most handy natural pond, the place liquid of biogas to soak seed, and breaks bud after rinsing well with clear water then;
C seed break bud: with woven bag with the seed rinsed well with the preheating of drenching of warm water more than 45 ℃, be seated in the greenhouse or acid heat thing excrement on, keep 35-38 ℃ of rapidly broken chest, carry out vernalization then;
B, sowing
A date of seeding: take non-irrigated seedling raising method seedling, date of seeding, grasped and to stablize common 10 ℃ at daily mean temperature and be sowing time, i.e. late March-early April; Take two sections seedling raising method seedling, the date of seeding grasp is posted seedling phase temperature in the first batch and is stablized common 12 ℃, and the sowing time required in early April;
B sowing quantity: 502 kinds are collectd in Yunnan, non-irrigated seedling, every mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantity is 1.5 kilograms; 1.25 kilograms of two sections seedling;
C seeding quantity: non-irrigated seedling raising method seedling, according to water condition, take little, in, big seedling raising and transplanting, 3.5-4.5 seedling leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 150 gram bud paddy for every square metre; 4.5-6.5 middle seedling leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 80-100 gram bud paddy for every square metre, 6.5-8.5 seedlings leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 50 gram bud paddy for every square metre; Two sections seedling, greenhouse are educated every square metre of seedling and are broadcast 1 kilogram of seed rice; Seedling is educated on the dam, field, and ferment material is educated every square metre of seedling and broadcast 0.5 kilogram of seed rice;
C, the strong seedling of cultivation
A the drought seedling
The seedbed is selected: select fertile soil, loose ventilative, leeward on the sunny side, near water source, subterranean water level more than 50 centimetres, irrigation and drainage make things convenient for the rice field of meta-acid soil or vegetable plot to make bed;
The seedbed fertilising: 7 days prior to seeding, calculate by every square metre of seedbed, disposable 0 kilogram of the abundant decomposed dung 5~l that applies mixes with 1 5~20 cm layer of soil altogether, and is whole carefully smooth; Broadcast preceding 5~7 days, every square metre applies 1 liang of ammonium nitrate, 4 liang of superphosphate, and potassium sulphate 40 gram evenly applies and mixes with bed soil in 10~15 centimetres the bed soil and flatten;
Do the railway carriage or compartment: arrangement of time is l~2 day prior to seeding, at first sift out an amount of fine earth, and in order to lid kind of a usefulness, trench digging is done the railway carriage or compartment then;
Seedling bed regulating acid: when the little fourth 5.5 of soil pH value, can not acid adjustment, the pH value need be carried out acid adjustment 5.5 when above, namely finishes every square metre of seedbed, back and converts with 10% vinegar, 100 grams that clear water is bold and vigorous to be executed or spray doing the railway carriage or compartment;
Sowing: water at twice on the bed of making, water all makes water overflow bed surface at every turn, waters for the second time every 20 public clocks; Then carry out a soil disinfection, after watering sufficient water, convert water with fenaminosulf 2.5 grams and phoxim baythion 1.5 grams for every square metre and spray the railway carriage or compartment face for 5 kilograms, meet fine day, dosage reduces by half; Select the fine day of the warm weather of cold tail or cloudy day to weigh up required bud paddy by seeding quantity during premature rice and divide and be sprinkling upon equably several times on the bed surface, with flat board seed is pressed in the soil gently again; Lid kind then with sieving fine earth lid kind, sprays clear water again, makes that cover the seed fine earth fully drenched, if expose seed again behind water spray, mends and covers fine earth, sprays clear water again, repeatedly several times, is to spend up to cannot see seed; Built epiphragma immediately after lid kind finishes, frame covers plastic sheeting for farm use for high 50 centimetres, with soil will around press, take off the film hardening after treating together;
Temperature treatment during the seedbed: to 30~25 ℃ on upright pin, leaf to two leaf keeps 25 ℃ from premature rice;
Water management: during overlay film, generally do not sprinkle water, as obvious lack of water, should in time spray permeable; Take off behind the film before play seedling, though the bed surface cracking, as long as noon, blade was not rolled up letter, all unsuitable moisturizings, if water sheet reel, be in moisturizing on that night; Play seedling dusk the previous day, water once permeable in conjunction with the fertilizer of standing up; Take off film and generally take off film at 7~10 Da Qi seedlings after planting; Prevent the cold wave wound early spring, can take off film later at 3 leaves, sprinkling immediately is once permeable, to remedy the soil moisture deficiency;
Spray paclobutrazol and fenaminosulf, with short tiller early with prevent and treat damping off, a leaf wholeheartedly sprays 15% paclobutrazol 500 times of liquid of 0.3 gram and 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 2.5 grams to every square metre of one heart stage of two leaves; Topdress: as long as bed is fostered and apply fertilizer up to standardly, seedling does not generally topdress, in, seedlings look feelings and spray 1% urea liquid, management to 5~8 leaves play transplantation of seedlings;
B two sections seedling
Seedling is educated in the greenhouse: will suction moisture, and evenly sow seeds 1 kilogram by every square metre through sterilization, the seed rice of removing flat material, mould grain impurity and to put into indoor in the seedling dish; Temperature and humidity management: broken chest is to 35~38 ℃ on upright pin, and husk is moistening, and the seedling dish is ponding not; 28~32 ℃ on upright pin to a leaf, 25~28 ℃ on leaf to two leaf keeps blade tip osmanthus dewdrop, and the seedling dish is ponding not, takes off the film hardening then and posted seedling in one day;
Seedling is educated on dam or ferment material is educated seedling: will go into film with the seed rice behind the broken chest of 35~38 ℃ of high temperature vernalization and enter seedling, temperature and humidity management refines to taking off film that to educate the seedling mode with the greenhouse identical from upright pin in the film;
More than two kinds educate the seedling mode and all execute 500 times of liquid of 15% paclobutrazol 0.3 gram at leaf to two foliar spray and post seedling after one day, field, seedling ground uses sufficient 20000 kilograms of fertilizers for every mu, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, rake the back with plank by 1.5 meters branch railway carriage or compartments, post 1 * 2 to 2 * 2 cun of seedling specification, strengthen seedling ground field management, treat to have about 35 days length of time rice seedlings grow 6.5~8 leaves to transplant the land for growing field crops in good time;
D, plant in good time early, rational close planting
Seedling early according to water condition, takes in 3.5~4.5 leaf seedlings, 4.5~6.5 leaves seedling early to plant in good time, generally requires about 1 cun of the water-sprinkling short tiller early that transplants seedlings, and transplants before May 5 and finishes, and two sections seedling require to transplant by the end of May to finish; Transplant seedlings and carry out the directed stay cord of standardization and plant, must accomplish to spare, straight, shallow, steady, no seedling injury is planted quality with raising as far as possible; Accomplish during transplanting to be with medicine to go to the field, can suppress germ and grow, transplanting method is with width behavior master, and the narrow strain of wide row is harmonious, and suits measures to local conditions to carry out rational close planting;
E, land for growing field crops rich water quality management
Field management with the principle that mend early foot, middle control, back, is transplanted preceding disposable seedling and is applied 1500 kilograms of fertilizers, and the grain quality rice proprietary formula composite fertilizer 50 public Rooms, potash fertilizer are made base fertilizer for 20 kilograms; Plant the back and imposed 4~7 kilograms in urea in conjunction with chemical herbicide mu in 7~10 days, two days phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogens of Qi Sui are done the blade face and are mended and execute; Water starch management is turned green with shallow water, and thin moisture tiller has the water heading, does wet strong grain universe ground water starch management, avoids and cuts off the water supply too early;
F, harvesting in time: generally in heading back about 40 days, with 90% grain flavescence on the spike of rice, namely complete yellow, the tillering tassel of main fringe had 3/4 when yellow from the top to the middle part, and it is comparatively suitable to gather in.
Danzhai, preferential Guizhou, described base is domestic; Also can use rich selenium zinc fertilizer or rich selenium zinc-base matter to reach.
That seed also can be selected is accurate two excellent 527, suitable fragrant excellent No. 2, red excellent No. 1, excellent No. 2 of abundant perfume (or spice), excellent No. 9 kinds of interior perfume (or spice), 1.0 kilograms of every mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantities of non-irrigated seedling; 0.75 kilogram of two sections seedling sowing quantity.
Cultivate the railway carriage or compartment of doing of strong seedling step, general railway carriage or compartment is wide by 1.2~rice l.3,30 centimetres of railway carriage or compartment furrow widths, 20 centimetres of ditch depths, railway carriage or compartment length decide according to physical features, but should not surpass 10 meters, guarantees the temperature of shed unanimity, and every mu of land for growing field crops bed surface amasss 30 square metres.
The seedling bed regulating acid another kind method of cultivating strong seedling step is that every square metre of seedbed enriches superphosphate 100~150 grams and 10~15 centimetres of bed soil mixings.
Plant in good time early, in the rational close planting step D, middle low altitude area is planted the cave number for every mu and is reached about 1.2~1.4 ten thousand, adopts specification: capable (10+6)/2 * 6 of width cun, or 9 * 5 cun; In the high altitude localities, plant the cave number for every mu and reach about 1.4~1.6 ten thousand, adopt specification: (10+6)/2 * 5 cun, or 8 * 5 cun.
The above, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, any technical solution of the present invention content that do not break away from,, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment does according to technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the breeding method of a nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice is integrated the forming of application technology of being used by home environment, seed breeding, growing and cultivation, agriculture input, it is characterized in that:
The home environment base selects ecological condition good, and it is convenient to have irrigation and drainage simultaneously, and soil water-retaining, fertilizer-preserving ability are better, and the content of organic matter is more than 2.0%, pH value 5.0-7.5; Illumination condition is good, and ambient air quality, field irrigation water quality, farmland transform fertile matter and ambient soil meets NY391 pollution-free food home environment technical conditions, and soil trace element meets Se and contains 0.25-1.5PPM, Zn content 50-300 PPM requirement;
Seed is selected to meet the grain quality rice kind of country's authorization based on village, Yunnan 502;
Growing and cultivation comprises the strong seedling of seedling, sowing, cultivation, early plants in good time, rational close planting, land for growing field crops rich water quality management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, harvesting in time;
A, seedling comprise non-irrigated seedling raising method and two sections seedling raising methods,
A elite seed: selecting full seed, aseptic fresh paddy with selection by winnowing, screening, wet concentration is seed;
B seed disinfection: basked seeds before the seed soaking 1-2 days, and utilized the solar ultraviolet killing pathogenic bacteria; Simultaneously, basking seeds is conducive to absorb water evenly, improves germination rate, or soaks seed 2-3 days with 1% quicklime, does not stir during seed soaking; Or with 500 times of strong chlorine oil medicaments seed soaking sterilization, soup is higher than 1 centimetre in seed, soak seed 12 hours, has the most handy natural pond, the place liquid of biogas to soak seed, and breaks bud after rinsing well with clear water then;
C seed break bud: with woven bag with the seed rinsed well with the preheating of drenching of warm water more than 45 ℃, be seated in the greenhouse or acid heat thing excrement on, keep 35-38 ℃ of rapidly broken chest, carry out vernalization then;
B, sowing
A date of seeding: take non-irrigated seedling raising method seedling, date of seeding, grasped and to stablize common 10 ℃ at daily mean temperature and be sowing time, i.e. late March-early April; Take two sections seedling raising method seedling, the date of seeding grasp is posted seedling phase temperature in the first batch and is stablized common 12 ℃, and the sowing time required in early April;
B sowing quantity: 502 kinds are collectd in Yunnan, non-irrigated seedling, every mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantity is 1.5 kilograms; 1.25 kilograms of two sections seedling;
C seeding quantity: non-irrigated seedling raising method seedling, according to water condition, take little, in, big seedling raising and transplanting, 3.5-4.5 seedling leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 150 gram bud paddy for every square metre; 4.5-6.5 middle seedling leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 80-100 gram bud paddy for every square metre, 6.5-8.5 seedlings leaf is transplanted, and broadcasts 50 gram bud paddy for every square metre; Two sections seedling, greenhouse are educated every square metre of seedling and are broadcast 1 kilogram of seed rice; Seedling is educated on the dam, field, and ferment material is educated every square metre of seedling and broadcast 0.5 kilogram of seed rice;
C, the strong seedling of cultivation
A the drought seedling
The seedbed is selected: select fertile soil, loose ventilative, leeward on the sunny side, near water source, subterranean water level more than 50 centimetres, irrigation and drainage make things convenient for the rice field of meta-acid soil or vegetable plot to make bed;
The seedbed fertilising: 7 days prior to seeding, calculate by every square metre of seedbed, disposable 0 kilogram of the abundant decomposed dung 5~l that applies mixes with 1 5~20 cm layer of soil altogether, and is whole carefully smooth; Broadcast preceding 5~7 days, every square metre applies 1 liang of ammonium nitrate, 4 liang of superphosphate, and potassium sulphate 40 gram evenly applies and mixes with bed soil in 10~15 centimetres the bed soil and flatten;
Do the railway carriage or compartment: arrangement of time is l~2 day prior to seeding, at first sift out an amount of fine earth, and in order to lid kind of a usefulness, trench digging is done the railway carriage or compartment then;
Seedling bed regulating acid: when the little fourth 5.5 of soil pH value, can not acid adjustment, the pH value need be carried out acid adjustment 5.5 when above, namely finishes every square metre of seedbed, back and converts with 10% vinegar, 100 grams that clear water is bold and vigorous to be executed or spray doing the railway carriage or compartment;
Sowing: water at twice on the bed of making, water all makes water overflow bed surface at every turn, waters for the second time every 20 public clocks; Then carry out a soil disinfection, after watering sufficient water, convert water with fenaminosulf 2.5 grams and phoxim baythion 1.5 grams for every square metre and spray the railway carriage or compartment face for 5 kilograms, meet fine day, dosage reduces by half; Select the fine day of the warm weather of cold tail or cloudy day to weigh up required bud paddy by seeding quantity during premature rice and divide and be sprinkling upon equably several times on the bed surface, with flat board seed is pressed in the soil gently again; Lid kind then with sieving fine earth lid kind, sprays clear water again, makes that cover the seed fine earth fully drenched, if expose seed again behind water spray, mends and covers fine earth, sprays clear water again, repeatedly several times, is to spend up to cannot see seed; Built epiphragma immediately after lid kind finishes, frame covers plastic sheeting for farm use for high 50 centimetres, with soil will around press, take off the film hardening after treating together;
Temperature treatment during the seedbed: to 30~25 ℃ on upright pin, leaf to two leaf keeps 25 ℃ from premature rice;
Water management: during overlay film, generally do not sprinkle water, as obvious lack of water, should in time spray permeable; Take off behind the film before play seedling, though the bed surface cracking, as long as noon, blade was not rolled up letter, all unsuitable moisturizings, if water sheet reel, be in moisturizing on that night; Play seedling dusk the previous day, water once permeable in conjunction with the fertilizer of standing up; Take off film and generally take off film at 7~10 Da Qi seedlings after planting; Prevent the cold wave wound early spring, can take off film later at 3 leaves, sprinkling immediately is once permeable, to remedy the soil moisture deficiency;
Spray paclobutrazol and fenaminosulf, with short tiller early with prevent and treat damping off, a leaf wholeheartedly sprays 15% paclobutrazol 500 times of liquid of 0.3 gram and 1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 2.5 grams to every square metre of one heart stage of two leaves; Topdress: as long as bed is fostered and apply fertilizer up to standardly, seedling does not generally topdress, in, seedlings look feelings and spray 1% urea liquid, management to 5~8 leaves play transplantation of seedlings;
B two sections seedling
Seedling is educated in the greenhouse: will suction moisture, and evenly sow seeds 1 kilogram by every square metre through sterilization, the seed rice of removing flat material, mould grain impurity and to put into indoor in the seedling dish; Temperature and humidity management: broken chest is to 35~38 ℃ on upright pin, and husk is moistening, and the seedling dish is ponding not; 28~32 ℃ on upright pin to a leaf, 25~28 ℃ on leaf to two leaf keeps blade tip osmanthus dewdrop, and the seedling dish is ponding not, takes off the film hardening then and posted seedling in one day;
Seedling is educated on dam or ferment material is educated seedling: will go into film with the seed rice behind the broken chest of 35~38 ℃ of high temperature vernalization and enter seedling, temperature and humidity management refines to taking off film that to educate the seedling mode with the greenhouse identical from upright pin in the film;
More than two kinds educate the seedling mode and all execute 500 times of liquid of 15% paclobutrazol 0.3 gram at leaf to two foliar spray and post seedling after one day, field, seedling ground uses sufficient 20000 kilograms of fertilizers for every mu, 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, rake the back with plank by 1.5 meters branch railway carriage or compartments, post 1 * 2 to 2 * 2 cun of seedling specification, strengthen seedling ground field management, treat to have about 35 days length of time rice seedlings grow 6.5~8 leaves to transplant the land for growing field crops in good time;
D, plant in good time early, rational close planting
Seedling early according to water condition, takes in 3.5~4.5 leaf seedlings, 4.5~6.5 leaves seedling early to plant in good time, generally requires about 1 cun of the water-sprinkling short tiller early that transplants seedlings, and transplants before May 5 and finishes, and two sections seedling require to transplant by the end of May to finish; Transplant seedlings and carry out the directed stay cord of standardization and plant, must accomplish to spare, straight, shallow, steady, no seedling injury is planted quality with raising as far as possible; Accomplish during transplanting to be with medicine to go to the field, can suppress germ and grow, transplanting method is with width behavior master, and the narrow strain of wide row is harmonious, and suits measures to local conditions to carry out rational close planting;
E, land for growing field crops rich water quality management
Field management with the principle that mend early foot, middle control, back, is transplanted preceding disposable seedling and is applied 1500 kilograms of fertilizers, and the grain quality rice proprietary formula composite fertilizer 50 public Rooms, potash fertilizer are made base fertilizer for 20 kilograms; Plant the back and imposed 4~7 kilograms in urea in conjunction with chemical herbicide mu in 7~10 days, two days phosphoric acid potassium dihydrogens of Qi Sui are done the blade face and are mended and execute; Water starch management is turned green with shallow water, and thin moisture tiller has the water heading, does wet strong grain universe ground water starch management, avoids and cuts off the water supply too early;
F, harvesting in time: generally in heading back about 40 days, with 90% grain flavescence on the spike of rice, namely complete yellow, the tillering tassel of main fringe had 3/4 when yellow from the top to the middle part, and it is comparatively suitable to gather in.
2. the breeding method of a kind of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: Danzhai, preferential Guizhou, described base is domestic; Also can use rich selenium zinc fertilizer or rich selenium zinc-base matter to reach.
3. the breeding method of a kind of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: seed also can be selected accurate two excellent 527, suitable fragrant excellent No. 2, red excellent No. 1, excellent No. 2 of abundant perfume (or spice), excellent No. 9 kinds of interior perfume (or spice), 1.0 kilograms of every mu of land for growing field crops sowing quantities of non-irrigated seedling; 0.75 kilogram of two sections seedling sowing quantity.
4. the breeding method of a kind of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the railway carriage or compartment of doing of cultivating strong seedling step, general railway carriage or compartment is wide by 1.2~rice l.3,30 centimetres of railway carriage or compartment furrow widths, 20 centimetres of ditch depths, railway carriage or compartment length is decided according to physical features, but should not surpass 10 meters, guarantee the temperature of shed unanimity, every mu of land for growing field crops bed surface amasss 30 square metres.
5. the breeding method of a kind of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the seedling bed regulating acid another kind method of cultivating strong seedling step is that every square metre of seedbed enriches superphosphate 100~150 grams and the native mixings of 10~15 centimetres of beds.
6. the breeding method of a kind of nuisanceless high-quality selenium zinc rice as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: plant, in the rational close planting step D, middle low altitude area is planted the cave number for every mu and is reached about 1.2~1.4 ten thousand in good time early, adopt specification: capable (10+6)/2 * 6 of width cun, or 9 * 5 cun; In the high altitude localities, plant the cave number for every mu and reach about 1.4~1.6 ten thousand, adopt specification: (10+6)/2 * 5 cun, or 8 * 5 cun.
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