CN110235717A - A kind of rice straw returning to the field method improving mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed emergence rate and strong sprout high yield - Google Patents
A kind of rice straw returning to the field method improving mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed emergence rate and strong sprout high yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN110235717A CN110235717A CN201910681424.1A CN201910681424A CN110235717A CN 110235717 A CN110235717 A CN 110235717A CN 201910681424 A CN201910681424 A CN 201910681424A CN 110235717 A CN110235717 A CN 110235717A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rice straw returning to the field methods of raising mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed emergence rate and strong sprout high yield, belong to agricultural technology field.7~10d cuts off the water supply before the rice straw returning to the field method includes the following steps: (1) rice harvesting；(2) 3~4d sows wheat seed before rice harvesting；(3) 1~3d applies 20~30kg/ mus and 5~15kg/ of urea mus of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer before rice harvesting；(4) rice is gathered in；(5) rice harvesting post-trenching, ditch soil cover wheat seed.Method provided by the invention is compared with same period routine stalk crushing rotary tillage returning to the field dirlling by seeder, wheat seed emergence rate improves 13.4%, and overwintering seedling total dry weight increases by 11.9%, and single plant stem tiller increases by 0.4, yellow seedling death rate reduces by 16.3%, and final per unit area yield increases by 5.7%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural production technologies more particularly to a kind of raising mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed emergence rate and strengthen
The rice straw returning to the field method of seedling high yield.
Background technique
Straw-returning not only can solve crop straw burning and abandon bring environment as important straw utilization mode
The problems such as pollution, and supplement soil nutrient and improvement soil can be recycled.But straw-returning mode with method is improper can also draw
Many negative effects are played, such as crop seed sprouts bad, early growth and is obstructed.Also easily occur after rice wheat rotation area rice straw returning to the field
Wheat seeding rate is low, " seed hangs root ", yellow weak seedling or even the problems such as dead seedling.
Rice-wheat growing system is important one of the Farming system in China, ten thousand mu of area 7000-8000 of whole nation production, wherein
Ten thousand mu of Jiangsu 2700-2800.In recent years, Jiangsu Province is extended and large area rice planting technology and direct sowing of rice by Different Rice Varieties During Growth Duration
Etc. Planting Patterns influence, rice maturity generally moves back.Due to the glutinous weight of rice stubble soil, the suitable cultivated phase is short, and suitable tilth is poor, stalk amount
Big and returning to the field is extensive, causes wheat cultivation second-rate, wheat seeding rate is low and seedling body is weak, and yellow seedling phenomenon is more universal, freeze proof
Ability is remarkably decreased, and Winter-Spring is unfavorable for forming high and stable yields basis, constrains the raising of wheat yield vulnerable to freeze injury.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems in the background art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of raising mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seeds
The rice straw returning to the field method of emergence rate and strong sprout high yield improves Wheat after rice emergence rate by technical measures, and constructs overwintering strong sprout,
To realize that High-efficiency straw returning to the field and Wheat after rice are given stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of rice straw returning to the field method of raising mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed emergence rate and strong sprout high yield, packets
Include following steps:
(1) 7~10d cuts off the water supply before rice harvesting；
(2) 3~4d sows wheat seed before rice harvesting；
(3) 1~3d applies 20~30kg/ mus and 5~15kg/ of urea mus of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer before rice harvesting；
(4) rice is gathered in；The harvesting is feed reaper with type, the height for the stubble left of the harvesting is 20~
30cm；Returning to the field after rice straw chopping after gathering in rice；Length≤8cm of the chopping；
(5) rice harvesting post-trenching, trench digging density is to open one of flute every 1.8~2.0m, at 3.0~5.0m of the edge of a field
One of traverse furrow is opened, ditch soil covers wheat seed.
Preferably, the mode of step (2) the sowing wheat seed is to broadcast sowing；The amount broadcasted sowing is that same time drilling is small
1.1~1.3 times of Wheat Seeds amount.(in Jiangsu under the conditions of rice wheat rotation, if 15~October of October 20 was sowed, the amount of broadcasting 9~
10.5kg/ mus；If 21~October of October 31 was sowed, 10.8~13.5kg/ mus of the amount of broadcasting；If 1~November of November 10 was broadcast
Kind, 13.8~16.0kg/ mus of the amount of broadcasting.Rice field set is not advocated after November 11 and broadcasts wheat straw-returning again)
Preferably, the N:P in step (3) the N P and K ternary compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=10%~20%:10%~
20%:10%~20%.
Preferably, the depth of step (5) described trench digging is 25~30cm.
Preferably, step (2) wheat seed includes: through Dressing, the seed dressing materials of every 150kg wheat seed
More than 15% good fortune, the Tebuconazole of 0.02~0.04kg and the water of 2~3kg of 0.5~1.5kg.
It preferably, further include top dressing and change control after the step (5).
Preferably, the top dressing include impose more winter top dressing, impose jointing booting fertilizer and impose grouting fertilizer.
Preferably, the more winter top dressing includes 3~8kg/ mus of urea；The jointing booting fertilizer includes N P and K ternary compound fertilizer
20~30kg/ mus and 5~15kg/ of urea mus；The grouting fertilizer includes 500~1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20~60kg/ mus of liquid.
Preferably, describedization control includes weeding, the weeding of early spring in next year and wheat two leaf stage strong sprout before the winter.
Preferably, before the winter weeding using 20~80% 30~80g/ mu of isoproturon wettable powder and water 20~
40kg/ mus；Early spring in the next year weeding using 6~8% galloping 30~100mL/ of horse mu with 20~40kg/ of water mus；The wheat two
Leaf phase strong sprout uses short 10~20g/ of robust seedling mus and 20~40kg/ of water mus.
The utility model has the advantages that the present invention provides it is a kind of raising mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed emergence rate and strong sprout high yield rice straw also
Field method, 7~10d cuts off the water supply before including the following steps: (1) rice harvesting；(2) 3~4d sows wheat seed before rice harvesting；
(3) 1~3d applies 20~30kg/ mus and 5~15kg/ of urea mus of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer before rice harvesting；(4) water is gathered in
Rice；The height for the stubble left of the harvesting is 20~30cm；Uniform returning to the field after rice straw chopping after gathering in rice；The length of the chopping
≤8cm；(5) rice harvesting post-trenching, ditch soil cover wheat seed.Operation is simple for method provided by the invention, with the same period
Conventional stalk crushing rotary tillage returning to the field dirlling by seeder is compared, and wheat seed emergence rate improves 13.4%, and overwintering seedling total dry weight increases
11.9%, single plant stem tiller increases by 0.4, and yellow seedling death rate reduces by 16.3%, and final per unit area yield increases by 5.7%.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of rice straw returning to the field method of raising mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed emergence rate and strong sprout high yield, packets
Include following steps:
(1) 7~10d cuts off the water supply before rice harvesting；
(2) 3~4d sows wheat seed before rice harvesting；
(3) 1~3d applies 20~30kg/ mus and 5~15kg/ of urea mus of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer before rice harvesting；
(4) rice is gathered in；The harvesting is feed reaper with type, the height for the stubble left of the harvesting is 20~
30cm；Returning to the field after rice straw chopping after gathering in rice；Length≤8cm of the chopping；
(5) rice harvesting post-trenching, trench digging density is to open one of flute every 1.8~2.0m, at 3.0~5.0m of the edge of a field
One of traverse furrow is opened, ditch soil covers wheat seed.
First 7~10d before rice harvesting carries out processing of cutting off the water supply to rice to the present invention.In the present invention, the receipts of the rice
Cut the time be generally in annual October, the last ten-days period.To rice cut off the water supply processing purpose be it is appropriate reduce soil moisture, improve
The preferable aeration of rice straw returning to the field soil, and convenient soil moisture environment is kept, avoid field humidity is excessive from leading to rotten kind
Rotten bud, to improve wheat seed emergence rate.
The present invention 3~4d before rice harvesting sows wheat seed.In the present invention, the mode of the sowing wheat seed
Preferably broadcast sowing.The amount broadcasted sowing is preferably 1.1~1.3 times of same time drilling wheat seed amount, more preferably same time
1.2 times of drilling wheat seed amount.The present invention considers: since wheat seed is exposed in earth's surface, and having a small amount of seed to fall into rice
Soil can not be contacted between base portion stalk, all seeds can not be covered after straw-returning, and the seed for not covering rice straw on a small quantity is difficult
With emergence.Accordingly, the wheat seed amount of broadcasting is set as 1.1~1.3 times of same period drilling wheat seed amount by the present invention, is guaranteed enough
It is suitable for basic seedling amount.In more specifically embodiment of the invention, the application rate of the wheat seed according to the sowing time not
It is same to be divided into: in Jiangsu under the conditions of rice wheat rotation, if 15~October of October 20 was sowed, preferably 9~10.5kg/ of the amount of broadcasting mus, more
It is preferred that 9.5~10.0kg/ mus of sowing；If 21~October of October 31 was sowed, preferably 10.8~13.5kg/ of the amount of broadcasting mus, more excellent
12~12.5kg/ of the amount of broadcasting mus of choosing；If 1~November of November 10 was sowed, preferably 13.8~16.0kg/ of the amount of broadcasting mus, more preferable 15
~15.5kg/ mus；Rice field set is not advocated after November 11 and broadcasts wheat straw-returning again.
Wheat seed of the present invention is preferably through Dressing.In the present invention, the seed dressing materials of every 150kg wheat seed
It preferably includes: more than 15% good fortune, the Tebuconazole of 0.02~0.04kg and the water of 2~3kg of 0.5~1.5kg；More preferably include:
More than 15% good fortune, the Tebuconazole of 0.03kg and the water of 2.5kg of 1kg.The purpose of the Dressing be prevention wheat smut,
Banded sclerotial blight, root rot and powdery mildew.
The present invention 1~3d before rice harvesting applies fertilizer, and the fertilizer is N P and K ternary compound fertilizer and urea.In the present invention
In, the N:P in the N P and K ternary compound fertilizer2O5:K2O is preferably 10%~20%:10%~20%:10%~20%, more
Preferably 15%:15%:15%.The dosage of the N P and K ternary compound fertilizer is preferably 20~30kg/ mus, more preferably
25kg/ mus.The dosage of the urea is preferably 5~15kg/ mus, more preferably 10kg/ mus.
Through cutting off the water supply, sow and step of applying fertilizer after, the present invention gather in rice.In the present invention, the toothing of the harvesting is high
Degree is 20~30cm, preferably 25cm；Returning to the field after rice straw chopping after gathering in rice；Length≤8cm of the chopping, preferably≤
5cm.In the present invention, stalk is evenly distributed to field table by the returning to the field, needs manually to choose when having accumulation even.
After rice harvesting, the present invention carries out trench digging processing to field.In the present invention, the density of the trench digging be every
1.8~2.0m opens one of flute；In addition, the present invention preferably opens one of traverse furrow at away from 3.0~5.0m of the edge of a field.The depth of the trench digging
Degree is preferably 25~30cm, more preferably 27~28cm.The ditch soil that trench digging generates can improve seed and go out for covering wheat seed
Seedling rate and the freeze proof drought-resistant ability of seedling, while ditch system is completely conducive to enhancing and fills row's ability, prevention and treatment waterlogging forms stain evil, while just
It carries out pouring water when drought and keeps a full stand of seedings and promote seedling.
Method provided by the invention is easy to operate, can improve the emergence rate of mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed, plays strong sprout high yield
Effect.
It further include top dressing and change control after the step (5) in preferred embodiment of the invention.
In the present invention, it is described state top dressing preferably include to impose more winter top dressing, impose jointing booting fertilizer and impose grouting fertilizer.Institute
It states more winter top dressing and preferably includes urea, the amount of application of the urea is preferably 3~8kg/ mus, more preferably 5kg/ mus.The jointing
Booting fertilizer preferably includes N P and K ternary compound fertilizer and urea；N:P in the N P and K ternary compound fertilizer2O5:K2O is preferably
10%~20%:10%~20%:10%~20%, more preferably 15%:15%:15%；The N P and K ternary compound fertilizer
Dosage be preferably 20~30kg/ mus, more preferably 25kg/ mus；The dosage of the urea is preferably 5~15kg/ mus, more preferably
It is 10kg/ mus.The grouting fertilizer preferably includes biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer；The potassium dihydrogen phosphate of the biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer
Dilution ratio is preferably 300~500 times, and more preferably 400 times；Amount of application after the biphosphate potassium foliage fertilizer dilution is preferred
It is 30~60kg/ mus, more preferably 40kg/ mus.The grouting fertilizer helps to improve wheat plant nutrition condition, improves grouting speed
Degree increases grain plumpness.
In the present invention, describedization control includes weeding, the weeding of early spring in next year and wheat two leaf stage strong sprout before the winter.Before the winter
Weeding is more preferably used it is preferable to use 30~80g/ mus and 20~40kg/ of water mus of isoproturon wettable powder of 20~80%
50g/ mus and water 30kg/ mus of 50% isoproturon wettable powder；Early spring in the next year weeding it is preferable to use 6.9% galloping horse 60~
80mL/ mus and 20~40kg/ of water mus, more preferably use galloping horse 70mL/ mus and water 30kg/ mus of 6.9%；The wheat two leaf stage
It is preferable to use short 10~20g/ of robust seedling mus and 20~40kg/ of water mus for strong sprout, more preferably using short robust seedling 15g/ mus and water 30kg/
Mu.The use of short robust seedling can control plant height, enhance the anti-fall and antifreeze ability of wheat seeding.
The present invention is not particularly limited the source of above-mentioned each fertilizer, herbicide and growth regulator, this field routine city
Sell product.In an embodiment of the present invention, the ternary compound fertilizer and urea (golden word board) are bought from Jiangsu Hua Chang chemical industry
Limited liability company, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (beneficial friend's board) are purchased from Sinofert Limited, isoproturon wettable powder (the peaceful board in day)
Purchased from the Jiangsu chemical inc Chang Long, galloping horse (Bayer) is purchased from Bayer Cropscience (China) Co., Ltd, short robust seedling
(gold goal board) is purchased from the seed dressing of upper seascape Li Xin agrochemical Co., Ltd production.
Below in conjunction with the embodiment in the present invention, the technical solution in the present invention is clearly and completely described.It is aobvious
So, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the reality in the present invention
Example is applied, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all belongs to
In the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
2016-2017 Jiangsu Province, the township Shi Ji, Sihong County stone yard up committee will do it this patent implement demonstration, using area
20 mu, using kind Huaihe River wheat 20.On October 12nd, 2016 cuts off the water supply to quasi- demonstration field, and October 20 is in the paddy field not harvested
Set broadcasts wheat, 10kg/ mus of the amount of broadcasting, spreads fertilizer over the fields 25kg/ mus of ternary compound fertilizer on October 22,105kg/ mus of urea, October 24 used
Carry even Kubo field (PRO588) the feed reaper harvesting rice set of mating formation of broken grass, broken grass length≤8cm, rice toothing
25cm, October 25 ditch, and trench digging density is to open one of flute every 2.0m, open one of traverse furrow, the covering of ditch soil away from the edge of a field 5.0m
Wheat seed.On November 10th, 2016 is watered 30kg/ mus of atomization controls using short robust seedling 15g/ mus, uses on November 28th, 2016
50g/ mus of isoproturon wettable powder of 50% are watered 30kg/ mus of weed sprays, reuse on 2 17th, 2,017 6.9% it is galloping
70mL/ mus of horse are watered 30kg/ mus of weed sprays, impose more winter top dressing urea 5kg/ mus on January 25th, 2017, on March 16th, 2017
Jointing booting fertilizer is imposed, 10kg/ mus of urea, 25kg/ mus of ternary compound fertilizer, on May 10th, 2017 and May 17 are respectively to wheat
40kg/ mus of foliage-spray each 1 time of liquid of 400 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.On June 5th, 2017 harvests.
Comparative example 1
2016-2017 implements conventional stalk crushing rotary tillage chopper item in Shi Ji neighbourhood committee, Jiangsu Province, the township Shi Ji, Sihong County
Demonstration is broadcast, using 30 mu of area, using kind Huaihe River wheat 20.On October 8th, 2016 cuts off the water supply to quasi- test field, and October 18 used
Carry even Kubo field (PRO588) the feed reaper harvesting rice set of mating formation of broken grass, broken grass length≤8cm, the height for the stubble left
10cm spread fertilizer over the fields 25kg/ mus of ternary compound fertilizer, 105kg/ mus of urea, carries out rotary tillage stubble-cleaning site preparation, October 20 on the same day on October 19
Dirlling by seeder, 8.75kg/ mus of the amount of broadcasting, October 25 ditched, and trench digging density is to open one of flute every 4.0m, opened one away from the edge of a field 5.0m
Road traverse furrow.On November 15th, 2016 is watered 30kg/ mus of atomization controls using short robust seedling 15g/ mus, uses on November 28th, 2016
50g/ mus of isoproturon wettable powder of 50% are watered 30kg/ mus of weed sprays, reuse on 2 17th, 2,017 6.9% it is galloping
70mL/ mus of horse are watered 30kg/ mus of weed sprays, impose more winter top dressing urea 5kg/ mus on January 25th, 2017, on March 16th, 2017
Jointing booting fertilizer is imposed, 10kg/ mus of urea, 25kg/ mus of ternary compound fertilizer, on May 10th, 2017 and May 17 are respectively to wheat
40kg/ mus of foliage-spray each 1 time of liquid of 400 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.On June 5th, 2017 harvests.
As a result: compared with same period routine stalk crushing rotary tillage returning to the field dirlling by seeder (comparative example 1), rice straw provided by the invention is also
Field method can make wheat seed emergence rate improve 13.4%, and overwintering seedling total dry weight increases by 11.9%, and single plant stem tiller increases by 0.4
A, yellow seedling death rate reduces by 16.3%, and final per unit area yield increases by 5.7%.
From the angle analysis of economic well-being of workers and staff: compared with same period routine stalk crushing rotary tillage returning to the field dirlling by seeder (comparative example 1), this
The rice straw returning to the field method that invention provides can save 30 yuan/mu of rotary tillage process cost, save 30 yuan/mu of mechanical planting cost, yield
Increasing 26kg/ mus, wheat unit price is calculated by 2.4 yuan/kg, and 62.4 yuan of additional income.Increase by 12.5 yuan/mu of artificial seeding's cost
(broadcasting 8 mu of wheat by everyone one day set, 100 yuan of labor cost calculating in one day), mu, which increases, uses kind of a 1.25kg, and seed is based on 5 yuan/kg
It calculates, mu increases with 7.25 yuan of cost of kind.The comprehensive abridged edition increasing benefit of mu are as follows: 30+30+62.4-12.5-7.25=102.65 member.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of rice straw returning to the field method for improving mush-room by interplanting in rice field wheat seed emergence rate and strong sprout high yield, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
(1) 7~10d cuts off the water supply before rice harvesting；
(2) 3~4d sows wheat seed before rice harvesting；
(3) 1~3d applies 20~30kg/ mus and 5~15kg/ of urea mus of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer before rice harvesting；
(4) rice is gathered in；The harvesting is feed reaper with type, and the height for the stubble left of the harvesting is 20~30cm；
Uniform returning to the field after rice straw chopping after gathering in rice；Length≤8cm of the chopping；
(5) rice harvesting post-trenching, trench digging density are every 1.8~2.0m to open one of flute, away from opening one at 3.0~5.0m of the edge of a field
Road traverse furrow, ditch soil cover wheat seed.
2. rice straw returning to the field method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the side of step (2) the sowing wheat seed
Formula is to broadcast sowing；The amount broadcasted sowing is 1.1~1.3 times of same time drilling wheat seed amount.
3. rice straw returning to the field method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (3) the N P and K ternary compound fertilizer
In N:P2O5:K2O=15%:15%:15%.
4. rice straw returning to the field method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the depth of step (5) described trench digging be 25~
30cm。
5. rice straw returning to the field method described in any one according to claim 1~4, which is characterized in that step (2) described Wheat Species
Son through Dressing, the seed dressing materials of every 150kg wheat seed include: more than 15% good fortune of 0.5~1.5kg, 0.02~
The Tebuconazole of 0.04kg and the water of 2~3kg.
6. rice straw returning to the field method described in any one according to claim 1~4, which is characterized in that after the step (5), also
Including top dressing and change control.
7. rice straw returning to the field method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the top dressing include impose more winter top dressing, impose
Jointing booting fertilizer and impose grouting fertilizer.
8. rice straw returning to the field method according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the more winter top dressing includes 3~8kg/ mus of urea；
The jointing booting fertilizer includes 20~30kg/ mus and 5~15kg/ of urea mus of N P and K ternary compound fertilizer；The grouting fertilizer includes
500~1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20~60kg/ mus of liquid.
9. rice straw returning to the field method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that describedization control includes weeding, morning in next year before the winter
Spring weeding and wheat two leaf stage strong sprout.
10. rice straw returning to the field method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that weeding uses 20~80% before the winter
30~80g/ mus and 20~40kg/ of water mus of isoproturon wettable powder；Early spring in the next year weeding using 6~8% galloping horses 30~
100mL/ mus and 20~40kg/ of water mus；The wheat two leaf stage strong sprout uses short 10~20g/ of robust seedling mus and 20~40kg/ of water
Mu.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111528015A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-14 | 扬州抱朴自然农业技术有限公司 | Wheat-oil-rice interplanting three-free planting method |
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