CN109429942A - Henan south wheat evening broadcasts singlestem method - Google Patents
Henan south wheat evening broadcasts singlestem method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000008467 Oryza sativa Japonica Group Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- PQKBPHSEKWERTG-LLVKDONJSA-N ethyl (2r)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoate Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2O1 PQKBPHSEKWERTG-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
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- XMQFTWRPUQYINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bensulfuron-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CS(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 XMQFTWRPUQYINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MLKCGVHIFJBRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-chloro-3-{2-chloro-5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorophenyl}propanoate Chemical group C1=C(Cl)C(CC(Cl)C(=O)OCC)=CC(N2C(N(C(F)F)C(C)=N2)=O)=C1F MLKCGVHIFJBRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Henan south wheat evenings to broadcast singlestem method, it is intended to which solution, which is difficult to test, first harvests rice, afterwards the technical issues of the special plantation demand of sowing wheat.This method are as follows: according to local ecological characteristic, select seed quality be up to state standards as defined in spring habit or inclined Vernal wheat variety；It is sowed after mid or late November；Base applies formula compound fertilizer and slow-release carbamide between japonica rice ridge after 1~2 day after wheat seed broadcasts sowing；Mid-February, late March, mid-April apply slow-release carbamide；After planting, compartment ditch, gutter, waist ditch and main drainage ditch are played；The gutter is deeper than the compartment ditch, and the compartment ditch will be deeper than the waist ditch；Chemical weed control；Other cultivation managements are the same as conventional.The present invention is first to harvest rice, and rear this special plantation demand of wheat of sowing provides unique cultural method, can significantly improve seeding quality, and the productive potentialities for giving full play to stem fringe realize the big fringe of sufficient fringe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Henan south wheat evening broadcasts singlestem method.
Background technique
Wheat is important one of the cereal crops in China, long-term more than 500 ten thousand hm of sown area of Wheat in Henan Province2, wheat life
It produces and occupies 3 first in the whole nation: cultivated area first, total output first, trading commodity grain first.Current National is carrying out
Agricultural restructuring, with the adjusting and reducing of south China and the Northeast's wheat area, the expansion of Canceling Cultivation And Reviving Forestry And Grassland In The West area,
For the Wheat Production area in China in the trend that is decreased obviously, the Wheat Production in Henan Province will be more and more important in the position in the whole nation, produce
Amount and area potential biggish Yu Nan Wheat After Getting Rice area advantage in geography are increasingly prominent.Henan south rice region includes Xinyang (ten counties and districts), stays
Inn with a stable city (counties such as Zhenyang, Queshan, Xincai), Nanyang (counties and cities such as Tongbai, Nan Zhao, Dengzhou) etc., rice area is big, suitable planting
8,000,000 mu of rice field of wheat or more is the second largest cereal crops in Henan south, accounts for the 1/10 of the whole province's wheat area, be the weight in Henan Province
Want silo.
The Henan south rice stubble area of wheat is located in zone of transition of the subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, belongs to middle and lower reach of Yangtze River winter wheat on ecotype
Area and Henan Province's weak-gluten wheat preferential species growing area.Area light warm water resource is sufficient, and luffing is big between year border, when year total sunshine
Number is 1900~2100 h, and 900~1400 mm of total rainfall per year, 15.1 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year or so, frost-free period is long.However, should
Soil property in region is mostly rice soil, heavy in texture, and soil tilth is poor, and it is short to fit the cultivated phase, and it is frequent that wheat gives birth to drought and waterlogging early period, in after
Phase precipitation is irregular, wet injury weight, and wheat is often delayed date of seeding because of autumn rainy weather, or even is difficult to sow, and then influences wheat and produce
Amount and economic benefit, directly affect the enthusiasm of peasant planting wheat, lead to a large amount of leave arable land wasteds, " white stubble field " phenomenon is tighter
Weight.
Therefore, it needs to break the traditional wheatland site preparation cropping pattern for following many years, payes attention to Adaptive planting Wheat Production side
Formula develops one kind and is suitable for first harvesting rice, then sows the wheat planting production technology of this specific type of wheat.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Henan south wheat evenings to broadcast singlestem method, is suitable for Wheat Sowing
Phase is later than the Henan south rice region field of 15 days suitable dates of seeding or more, to solve the area because of weather delay date of seeding, or even is difficult to the skill sowed
Art problem.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical thought of the invention are as follows:
Inventor is later than 15 days suitable dates of seeding or more to times for a long time (i.e. japonica rice crops for rotation are sowed after mid or late November)
The investigation of Henan south field, the study found that due to before the winter and winter cannot form effective tillering can only be by stem Cheng Sui, stem fringe
Ratio accounts for 80% or more.The skill that Late-Sowing Wheat production in Henan south is planted is thought after summarizing the production practices of production law and combination many years
Art key is to improve seeding quality, nurturing staff, in due course efficiently fertilising, to give full play to the productive potentialities realization foot of stem fringe
The big fringe of fringe.
Specifically use following technical scheme:
It designs a kind of Henan south wheat evening and broadcasts singlestem method, comprising the following steps:
(1) selection meet local ecological characteristic and seed quality be up to state standards the spring habit or weak of GB 4404.1-2008
Vernal wheat variety is standby to be broadcast；
(2) it is sowed after the mid or late November after Yu Shangji rice harves, the amount of broadcasting is 17.5~20 kg/666.7m2；So that basic
Seedling reaches 30~350,000/666.7m2；After planting, compartment ditch, gutter, waist ditch and main drainage ditch are played；The gutter is deeper than the compartment
Ditch, the compartment ditch will be deeper than the waist ditch；
(3) it is N:P that base, which applies nutrient formula, between japonica rice ridge in 1~2 day after wheat seed broadcasts sowing2O5: k2O=15~18:15~
15~25kg/666.7m of formula compound fertilizer of 18:15~182With 17~18 kg/666.7m of urea2；
(4) after broadcasting before seedling or chemically weeding in 3~4 leaf phases after wheat seeding out；
(5) Yu Cinian imposes 7~8 kg/666.7m of urea mid-February2, late March imposes 7~8 kg/666.7m of urea2, 4
The middle of the month imposes 3~4 kg/666.7m of urea2；
(6) other cultivation managements are the same as conventional.
The kind of selection should be first through Henan Province or national crop varietal approval committee, be suitable for the ecology
The preferable wheat breed of the high and stable yield of ecological region planting, for example, optional Vernal wheat variety includes raising wheat 15, Yang Mai 13, raising
Wheat 20, Yang Mai 24, continuous wheat 51 etc.；Optional inclined Vernal wheat variety include Zheng wheat 113, Yanzhan4110, Lankao 198, Zheng Mai 101,
Zheng wheat 103 etc..
Inventor study discovery with date of seeding postponement, before the winter effective accumulated temperature reduction cause seedling stage postponement, this reduction of taking root,
Tiller is reduced even without tiller, and Wintering Period seedling seedling is weak, causes group insufficient, increases the amount of broadcasting in order to guarantee Basic Seedling, described
In step (2), the sowing is after November 15, one day 0.2~0.3kg/666.7m of increase every night2The amount of broadcasting.
Machinery trench digging when soil in ditch get rid of it is broken be uniformly sprinkling upon on the face of compartment, seed is completely covered, in the step (2),
The compartment face of the compartment ditch is 2~3 meters wide, 20~25 centimetres of compartment ditch depth, 15~20 centimetres wide；15~20 centimetres of the waist ditch depth, width
20~25 centimetres.The time of infertility wants timely ditch cleaning drop stain after the corrugate.
Preferably, in the step (3) or (5), the urea is that slow-release carbamide or/and poly-aspartate urea are (poly-
Aspartic acid percentage composition >=0.05%, poly-aspartate molecular weight 1600~2500).The further experimental study table of the present invention
Bright, the poly-aspartate (PASP) that molecular weight is 1600~2800 has powerful negative electrical charge (amido bond rich in, carboxyl
Isoreactivity group, carboxyl ionize form carboxyl anion in water), by 40~70g/666.7m2It can effectively improve this after application
The soil physico-chemical property of area is no-tillage rice stubble mouth improves rhizosphere soil environment, can effectively extend the fertilizer efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizer, can effectively be enriched with
In wheatland, phosphorus, potassium and microelement supply wheat plant, moreover it is possible to promote growth of wheat roots, enhance the resistance of wheat plant,
Promote precocity, enabling wheat, more effectively (nitrogen fertilizer use can be improved in local area rice stubble field non-ploughing in such poly-aspartate using fertilizer
55% or more rate, phosphate fertilizer >=5.1%, potash fertilizer >=15.7%, can save chemical fertilizer 15%~25% per acre), and then stablize or improve wheat
Yield and quality.
Preferably, in the step (4), the chemical method is using any one in following medicaments:
A, 25% isoproturon wettable powder, 250~300 g/666.7m2；
B, 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder, 20 gram of+60% 100 ml/666.7m of butachlor ec2；
C, 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder, 20 gram of+56% 55~60 g/666.7m of 2- first -4- chlorine wettable powder2；
D, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+10% 10~15 g/666.7m of tribenuron-methyl wettable powder2；
E, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+200 50 g/666.7m of grams per liter fluroxypyr missible oil2；
F, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+40% 4 g/666.7m of carfentrazoneethyl dry suspending agent2。
Further, the application method of medicament used is to be watered 35~45kg/666.7m2It sprays；The medicament a or b exists
Medication before rear seedling is broadcast, 3~4 leaf phases after wheat seeding of any one in described medicament c, d, e, f are administered.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention lies in:
1. cultural method of the present invention, which is suitable for times, is later than the Henan south rice region fields of 15 days suitable dates of seeding or more, can make up for it because
Date of seeding, postpones and bring unfavorable factor, to guarantee high yield, the stable yields of wheat, promotes economic benefit, and then improve peasant planting
Enthusiasm.
2. in cultural method of the present invention, in due course and ingenious laying compartment ditch, gutter, waist ditch and main drainage ditch, and make ditch ditch
It communicates, bright water energy row can be reached, dark water energy filter, rain stops excellent results of the field without bright water, and then realizes wheat in each breeding time
The coordination of field soil Zhong Shui, fertilizer, air and heat.
3. cultural method of the present invention can significantly improve seeding quality, the productive potentialities for giving full play to stem fringe realize sufficient fringe
Big fringe to guarantee to obtain high yield, the stable yields in wheat season, and then reinforces the safety of food supply.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate a specific embodiment of the invention below with reference to embodiment, but following embodiment is used only to be described in detail
The present invention does not limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Related product is conventional products unless otherwise instructed in the examples below；The related methods of cultivation
It unless otherwise instructed, is conventional method；Related test method is unless otherwise instructed conventional method.
Embodiment one: Henan south wheat evening broadcasts singlestem method
Have with conventional Henan south Late-Sowing Wheat cultural method difference:
1. wheat breed selects
The resistance to evening for meeting standard GB/T 4404.1-2008 is selected to broadcast, the spring habit that winter resistance is good or inclined spring varieties.
Spring varieties have:
Raise wheat 15, Yang Mai 13, Yang Mai 20, Yang Mai 24, continuous wheat 51.
Inclined spring varieties have:
Zheng wheat 113, Yanzhan4110, Lankao 198, Zheng Mai 101, Zheng Mai 103.
2. Basic Seedling and application rate
It is sowed after mid or late November, the amount of broadcasting is 17.5~20 kilograms/666.7m2.After November 15, increase by 0.25 within one day every night
Kilogram amount of broadcasting, 320,000/666.7m of Basic Seedling2Left and right.The mode that presoaking and germinating can also be used does sth. in advance the seeding stage, bud when mechanical planting
Head cannot be too big, is advisable when just showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
3. corrugate
Compartment ditch, gutter, Yao Gou are after planting played in time (the field trench digging segmentation rectangularity compartment block of bulk；Along the length in every compartment
While the ditch outputed is compartment ditch；The long native field in every compartment is ditched again cuts into several sections, these are used to the ditch in crosscutting long compartment soil
Referred to as waist ditch) and main drainage ditch, the soil of corrugate is uniformly sprinkled on the face of compartment, and general compartment face is 2 to 3 meters wide.Compartment ditch require it is straight, flat,
Deep, narrow (deep 20~25 centimetres, 15~20 centimetres wide), plot it is big to open waist ditch (15~20 centimetres deep, 20~25 centimetres wide),
Plot surrounding is opened gutter (enclosing ditch), and gutter will be deeper than compartment ditch, and compartment ditch will be deeper than waist ditch, and ditch ditch communicates, and reaches bright water energy row, dark water
It can filter, rain stops field without bright water.
After field ditch is mating, the time of infertility also wants timely ditch cleaning drop stain.
4. fertilising
The mode for taking base manure, tillering fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, booting fertilizer repeatedly to apply fertilizer.
Even mid or late November wheat seed with after 1~2 day spreads fertilizer over the fields 20kg/666.7m between japonica rice ridge after broadcasting sowing2Formula
Compound fertilizer (N:P2O5: k2O=18:18:18) or 20kg/666.7m2Formula compound fertilizer (N:P2O5: k2O=15:15:15)+17
~18 kg/666.7m2Poly-aspartate urea (production of the Plain Zhong Hua Chemical Co., Ltd.) makees base manure, and this time fertilising can cultivate
Strong sprout promotes effective tillering, lays a solid foundation for Grain Development.
Mid-February, meal with wine applied 7~8 kg/666.7m2Slow-release carbamide does tillering fertilizer, and late March meal with wine applies 7~8 kg/666.7m2
Slow-release carbamide does jointing fertilizer, and mid-April, meal with wine applied 3~4 kg/666.7m2Slow-release carbamide makees booting fertilizer.
5. chemical weed control
To strive for eliminating in time before 3 leaf of weeds, when temperature is still high based on autumn weeding, supplemented by spring weeding.Such as autumn
Herbicidal effect is bad or does not carry out chemical weed control, and spring will be eliminated early, before cannot being later than jointing the latest.
The medication of chemical weed control and dosage are as follows:
A, 25% 250~300 grams/666.7m of isoproturon wettable powder2；
B, 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder, 20 gram of+60% butachlor ec, 100 milliliters/666.7m2；
C, 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder, 20 grams of+56%2- first -4- chlorine wettable powders, 55~60 grams/666.7m2；
D, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+10% tribenuron-methyl wettable powder, 10~15 grams/666.7m2；
E, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+200 grams per liter fluroxypyr missible oil, 50 grams/666.7m2；
F, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+40% carfentrazoneethyl dry suspending agent, 4 grams/666.7m2；
Above-mentioned formula is watered 40 kilograms/666.7m2Left and right sprays.
It is formulated a, b medication before seedling after broadcasting, c, d, e, f or so 3~4 leaf phases after wheat seeding all sprout medication substantially to weeds.
Embodiment two: detection wheat yield and economic benefit
Implement in Xinyang Pingqiao District level bridge seed farm experimental plot within 2012/2013 year, tested variety is Zheng wheat 101.
Mu is spread fertilizer over the fields cultural method according to embodiment one between japonica rice ridge immediately after in mid or late November, wheat seed is broadcasted sowing
Formula compound fertilizer (N:P2O5: k2O=18:18:18) 20kg/666.7m2, using planting with sowing machine, the amount of broadcasting is 18kg/666.7m2,
Apply 6 kg/666.7m mid-February2Slow-release carbamide does tillering fertilizer, and late March applies 6.5 kg/666.7m2Slow-release carbamide does jointing fertilizer,
Apply 3.5 kg/666.7m mid-April2Slow-release carbamide makees booting fertilizer.Remaining management measure is consistent with local Production of Large Fields.
It is as shown in table 1 that economic benefit is counted after harvesting:
1 economic efficiency contrast of table
。
Note: compound fertilizer (N:P2O5: k2O=15:15:15,50kg/ bag) 160 yuan/bag, slow-release carbamide (N > 46.4%,
50kg/ bags) 120 yuan/bag, 4 yuan/kg of seed, the 100 yuan/666.7m in plow harrow ground2, 80 yuan/666.7m of mechanical planting2, labour cost
60 yuan/day, 2.1 yuan/kg of wheat purchasing price.
As shown in table 1, using the cultural method of embodiment one, net profit than conventional cultivation mode increases by 46.32 yuan per acre,
Remarkable in economical benefits increases.
The present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with embodiment, still, person of ordinary skill in the field can
Understand, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, each design parameter in above-described embodiment can also be changed, shape
At multiple specific embodiments, it is common variation range of the invention, is no longer described in detail one by one herein.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of Henan south wheat evening broadcasts singlestem method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection meet local ecological characteristic and seed quality be up to state standards the spring habit or weak of GB 4404.1-2008
Vernal wheat variety is standby to be broadcast；
(2) it is sowed after the mid or late November after Yu Shangji rice harves, the amount of broadcasting is 17.5~20 kg/666.7m2；So that Basic Seedling
Reach 30~350,000/666.7m2；After planting, compartment ditch, gutter, waist ditch and main drainage ditch are played；The gutter is deeper than the compartment ditch,
The compartment ditch will be deeper than the waist ditch；
(3) it is N:P that base, which applies nutrient formula, between japonica rice ridge in 1~2 day after wheat seed broadcasts sowing2O5: k2O=15~18:15~
15~25kg/666.7m of formula compound fertilizer of 18:15~182With 17~18 kg/666.7m of urea2；
(4) after broadcasting before seedling or chemically weeding in 3~4 leaf phases after wheat seeding out；
(5) Yu Cinian imposes 7~8 kg/666.7m of urea mid-February2, late March imposes 7~8 kg/666.7m of urea2, April
The middle ten days imposes 3~4 kg/666.7m of urea2；
(6) other cultivation managements are the same as conventional.
2. Henan south wheat evening according to claim 1 broadcasts singlestem method, which is characterized in that in the step (1),
Selected Vernal wheat variety is to raise wheat 15, Yang Mai 13, Yang Mai 20, Yang Mai 24, any one in continuous wheat 51；Selected inclined spring habit is small
Wheat variety is Zheng wheat 113, Yanzhan4110, Lankao 198, Zheng Mai 101, any one in Zheng Mai 103.
3. Henan south wheat evening according to claim 1 broadcasts singlestem method, which is characterized in that in the step (2),
Sowing time after November 15, one day 0.2~0.3kg/666.7m of increase every night2The amount of broadcasting.
4. Henan south wheat evening according to claim 1 broadcasts singlestem method, which is characterized in that in the step (2),
The compartment face of the compartment ditch is 2~3 meters wide, 20~25 centimetres of compartment ditch depth, 15~20 centimetres wide；15~20 centimetres of the waist ditch depth, width
20~25 centimetres.
5. Henan south wheat evening according to claim 1 broadcasts singlestem method, which is characterized in that in the step (2),
Timely ditch cleaning drop stain is wanted in the time of infertility after corrugate.
6. Henan south wheat evening according to claim 1 broadcasts singlestem method, which is characterized in that in the step (3) or
(5) in, the urea is slow-release carbamide or/and poly-aspartate urea.
7. Henan south wheat evening according to claim 1 broadcasts singlestem method, which is characterized in that in the step (4),
The chemical method is using any one in following medicaments:
A, 25% isoproturon wettable powder, 250~300 g/666.7m2；
B, 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder, 20 gram of+60% 100 ml/666.7m of butachlor ec2；
C, 10% bensulfuron-methyl wettable powder, 20 grams of 55~60 g/666.7m of+56%2- first -4- chlorine wettable powder2；
D, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+10% 10~15 g/666.7m of tribenuron-methyl wettable powder2；
E, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+200 50 g/666.7m of grams per liter fluroxypyr missible oil2；
F, 10% fenoxapropPethyl missible oil, 50 milliliter of+40% 4 g/666.7m of carfentrazoneethyl dry suspending agent2。
8. Henan south wheat evening according to claim 7 broadcasts singlestem method, which is characterized in that the user of medicament used
Method is to be watered 35~45kg/666.7m2It sprays；The medicament a or b medication before seedling after broadcasting, appointing in described medicament c, d, e, f
One kind of anticipating 3~4 leaf phases after wheat seeding are administered.
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