CN112868451A - Green pollution-free tea ecological planting method - Google Patents
Green pollution-free tea ecological planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868451A CN112868451A CN202110029996.9A CN202110029996A CN112868451A CN 112868451 A CN112868451 A CN 112868451A CN 202110029996 A CN202110029996 A CN 202110029996A CN 112868451 A CN112868451 A CN 112868451A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a green pollution-free tea ecological planting method, which comprises the following steps: preparing tea residue cellulose hydrogel and plant fiber particles by using tea residues; step two, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin, the plant fiber particles and the fertilizer; thirdly, ploughing the terrace, then scattering the mixture prepared in the second step on the terrace soil, then carrying out rotary tillage on the terrace, and then planting the tea seedlings; step four, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel and the lemongrass extract into a mushroom culture medium to culture a strain, spraying the obtained strain and the mixed culture medium on terraces in the row spacing of the tea trees together, and covering fine soil on the terraces; and fifthly, sprinkling water to the ploughed soil, and combining the soil and the mixture to form a condensation layer for fixing sand and moisturizing. The planting method disclosed by the invention can reduce soil moisture loss of the terrace, promote rapid growth of tea trees and mushrooms, and realize sustainable green development of a tea garden, and the produced tea leaves and mushrooms are high in quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea planting, and particularly relates to a green pollution-free tea ecological planting method.
Background
With the health attention of people, the organic ecological tea is becoming a new favorite in the tea market and has great development potential. As a pollution-free and high-quality product, organic tea is receiving wide attention from the tea world in China, is gradually becoming more and more fashionable to consume in the world, is short in supply and demand in the international market, and is expanding from developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan to some developing countries. The tea garden construction focuses on ecological construction, green, diversity, ornamental value and human health of tree species interplanted in the tea garden and surrounding tree species.
Tea trees are mainly distributed in warm temperature zones and subtropical zones with 20-35 degrees of north latitude in China, terrains in the regions mainly comprise hills and mountainous regions, usually, tea trees are planted on the hills mainly in a terrace mode, the terrains have sufficient sunlight and rain dew, the temperature difference between the early days and the late days is large, common crops cannot adapt to the climate, and the terrains are very suitable for the growth of the tea trees.
In the prior art, tea leaves are commonly used for waste utilization, and papers, namely preparation, characterization and application of cellulose extracted from tea leaves and hydrogel thereof, and patent of the invention with publication number of CN103709256B, use the tea leaves to prepare tea leaf cellulose hydrogel to realize high-value utilization of the tea leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a green pollution-free tea ecological planting method.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a green pollution-free tea ecological planting method comprises the following steps:
preparing tea residue cellulose hydrogel and plant fiber particles by using tea residues;
step two, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin, the plant fiber particles and the fertilizer to obtain a mixture;
thirdly, turning the terrace, scattering the mixture prepared in the second step on the terrace soil, then carrying out rotary tillage on the terrace to fully and uniformly mix the mixture with the soil, and then planting tea seedlings;
step four, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel and the lemongrass extract into a mushroom culture medium to obtain a mixed culture medium, culturing a strain by using the mixed culture medium, spraying the obtained strain and the mixed culture medium on terraces in the row spacing of tea trees together, and covering with fine soil of 3 cm;
and fifthly, sprinkling water to the ploughed soil, and combining the soil and the mixture to form a condensation layer for fixing sand and moisturizing.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel in the first step comprises the following steps:
a) extracting tea leaves, filtering, drying, removing water-soluble components, soaking in a degreasing reagent, stirring, degreasing, washing with water, decoloring with a decoloring reagent, washing, and drying to obtain degreased and decolored green tea leaves;
b) uniformly mixing the obtained degreased and decolored green tea residue with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, carrying out water bath, suction filtration and water washing to obtain alkali-extracted green tea residue, carrying out acidolysis, suction filtration, water washing and drying on the alkali-extracted green tea residue to obtain crude tea residue fibers;
c) mixing the crude tea residue fiber with an ionic liquid AMIMCl, heating, stirring and dissolving to obtain a tea residue cellulose colloid, cooling to room temperature, and washing to obtain the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
As a further optimized scheme of the present invention, the preparation method of the plant fiber particles in the step one comprises: drying and granulating the crude tea residue fiber obtained in the preparation process of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the mass ratio of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin and the plant fiber particles to the organic compost in the step two is 2: 1: 10-20: 60-80.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the fertilizers in the second step are phosphorus potassium fertilizer, fermented and decomposed tea residue and waste mushroom sticks, and the mass ratio of the mixture of the fermented and decomposed tea residue and waste mushroom sticks to the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 20-40: 60-80.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the super absorbent resin in the second step is sodium polyacrylate.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the ploughing depth in the third step is 35-40cm, and the rotary tillage depth is 5-25 cm.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, in the fourth step, the mass ratio of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel to the lemongrass extract to the mushroom culture medium is 5: 3: 70-80.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the mushrooms interplanted in the fourth step are mushrooms with the pH of planting soil of 4-6.5, and are oyster mushrooms, pleurotus nebrodensis, pleurotus eryngii and stropharia rugoso-annulata.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin, the plant fiber particles and the fertilizer are mixed and spread on the terrace, so that the fertilizer can be applied to tea trees and mushrooms, a condensation layer can be formed after the tea residues cellulose hydrogel meets water and repeatedly absorbs rainwater, the tea residue cellulose hydrogel is dissolved in water to form a cohesive solution, and mucus condenses soil, the fertilizer and the plant fiber together, so that the tea tree mushroom-based ecological fertilizer has good sand fixing effect and moisturizing effect, the soil moisture loss is reduced, the loss and waste of the fertilizer can be reduced, the tea trees and the mushrooms can be promoted to grow rapidly, the quality of the produced tea leaves and the mushrooms is higher, the tea residues can be recycled, and the sustainable green development of a tea garden is realized;
2) according to the invention, the tea residue cellulose hydrogel with strong water retention and the lemongrass extract with pathogenic bacteria removed are used as base materials to culture the strains, so that on one hand, sufficient water supply can be always kept at the mushroom roots, the mushrooms are kept fresh, the watering times and the watering amount are reduced, the planting cost is saved, and on the other hand, the pathogenic bacteria can be removed, so that the survival rate and the yield of the mushrooms are improved;
3) according to the invention, the mushroom culture medium with the tea residue cellulose hydrogel and the lemongrass extract is scattered on the terrace, so that the culture medium can be recycled, nutrient substances in the culture medium are fully utilized, the lemongrass extract can be secondarily utilized to sterilize tea trees and mushroom again, the tea trees are deinsectized, and the lemon-flavored fragrance of the lemongrass extract can cover the peculiar smell generated by fertilizers and the like;
4) according to the invention, the terrace is fertilized by using the fertilizer, the fertilizer contains fermented and decomposed tea residues and waste mushroom sticks, the tea residues and the waste mushroom sticks of mushroom can be recycled, the nutrient substances of the tea residues and the waste mushroom sticks of mushroom can be fully utilized, and the growth of tea trees and mushroom is promoted.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below, and it should be noted that the following detailed description is provided for illustrative purposes only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, which is defined by the appended claims.
Example 1
A green pollution-free tea ecological planting method comprises the following steps:
preparing tea residue cellulose hydrogel and plant fiber particles by using tea residues;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the preparation method of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel comprises the following steps:
a) extracting tea leaves, filtering, drying, removing water-soluble components, soaking in a degreasing reagent, stirring, degreasing, washing with water, decoloring with a decoloring reagent, washing, and drying to obtain degreased and decolored green tea leaves;
b) uniformly mixing the obtained degreased and decolored green tea residue with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, carrying out water bath, suction filtration and water washing to obtain alkali-extracted green tea residue, carrying out acidolysis, suction filtration, water washing and drying on the alkali-extracted green tea residue to obtain crude tea residue fibers;
c) mixing the crude tea residue fiber with an ionic liquid AMIMCl, heating, stirring and dissolving to obtain a tea residue cellulose colloid, cooling to room temperature, and washing to obtain the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
The preparation method of the plant fiber particles comprises the following steps: drying and granulating the crude tea residue fiber obtained in the preparation process of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
Step two, mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 10: 80, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin, the plant fiber particles and the fertilizer to obtain a mixture; the fertilizer is a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, fermented and decomposed tea residues and waste mushroom sticks of mushroom, and the mass ratio of the mixture of the fermented and decomposed tea residues and waste mushroom sticks of mushroom to the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is 20: 80; the super absorbent resin is sodium polyacrylate;
thirdly, turning the terrace for 35cm, scattering the mixture prepared in the second step on the terrace soil, then carrying out rotary tillage on the terrace for 5cm to fully and uniformly mix the mixture with the soil, and then planting tea seedlings;
step four, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel and the lemongrass extract into a mushroom culture medium to obtain a mixed culture medium, culturing a strain by using the mixed culture medium, spraying the obtained strain and the mixed culture medium on terraces in the row spacing of tea trees together, and covering with fine soil of 3 cm;
wherein the mass ratio of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel to the lemongrass extract to the mushroom culture medium is 5: 3: 70;
the interplanted mushrooms are those with a planting soil pH of 4-6.5, and are Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Pleurotus eryngii, and Stropharia rugosoannulata;
and fifthly, sprinkling water to the ploughed soil, and combining the soil and the mixture to form a condensation layer for fixing sand and moisturizing.
Example 2
A green pollution-free tea ecological planting method comprises the following steps:
preparing tea residue cellulose hydrogel and plant fiber particles by using tea residues;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the preparation method of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel comprises the following steps:
a) extracting tea leaves, filtering, drying, removing water-soluble components, soaking in a degreasing reagent, stirring, degreasing, washing with water, decoloring with a decoloring reagent, washing, and drying to obtain degreased and decolored green tea leaves;
b) uniformly mixing the obtained degreased and decolored green tea residue with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, carrying out water bath, suction filtration and water washing to obtain alkali-extracted green tea residue, carrying out acidolysis, suction filtration, water washing and drying on the alkali-extracted green tea residue to obtain crude tea residue fibers;
c) mixing the crude tea residue fiber with an ionic liquid AMIMCl, heating, stirring and dissolving to obtain a tea residue cellulose colloid, cooling to room temperature, and washing to obtain the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
The preparation method of the plant fiber particles comprises the following steps: drying and granulating the crude tea residue fiber obtained in the preparation process of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
Step two, mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 15: 70, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin, the plant fiber particles and the fertilizer to obtain a mixture; the fertilizer is phosphorus potassium fertilizer, fermented and decomposed tea residues and waste mushroom sticks of mushroom, and the mass ratio of the mixture of the fermented and decomposed tea residues and waste mushroom sticks of mushroom to the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 30: 70; the super absorbent resin is sodium polyacrylate;
thirdly, turning the terrace by 38cm, scattering the mixture prepared in the second step on the terrace soil, then carrying out rotary tillage on the terrace by 15cm to fully and uniformly mix the mixture with the soil, and then planting tea seedlings;
step four, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel and the lemongrass extract into a mushroom culture medium to obtain a mixed culture medium, culturing a strain by using the mixed culture medium, spraying the obtained strain and the mixed culture medium on terraces in the row spacing of tea trees together, and covering with fine soil of 3 cm;
wherein the mass ratio of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel to the lemongrass extract to the mushroom culture medium is 5: 3: 75;
the interplanted mushrooms are those with a planting soil pH of 4-6.5, and are Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Pleurotus eryngii, and Stropharia rugosoannulata;
and fifthly, sprinkling water to the ploughed soil, and combining the soil and the mixture to form a condensation layer for fixing sand and moisturizing.
Example 3
A green pollution-free tea ecological planting method comprises the following steps:
preparing tea residue cellulose hydrogel and plant fiber particles by using tea residues;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the preparation method of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel comprises the following steps:
a) extracting tea leaves, filtering, drying, removing water-soluble components, soaking in a degreasing reagent, stirring, degreasing, washing with water, decoloring with a decoloring reagent, washing, and drying to obtain degreased and decolored green tea leaves;
b) uniformly mixing the obtained degreased and decolored green tea residue with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, carrying out water bath, suction filtration and water washing to obtain alkali-extracted green tea residue, carrying out acidolysis, suction filtration, water washing and drying on the alkali-extracted green tea residue to obtain crude tea residue fibers;
c) mixing the crude tea residue fiber with an ionic liquid AMIMCl, heating, stirring and dissolving to obtain a tea residue cellulose colloid, cooling to room temperature, and washing to obtain the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
The preparation method of the plant fiber particles comprises the following steps: drying and granulating the crude tea residue fiber obtained in the preparation process of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
Step two, mixing the raw materials in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 20: 60, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin, the plant fiber particles and the fertilizer to obtain a mixture; the fertilizer is phosphorus potassium fertilizer, fermented and decomposed tea residue and waste mushroom sticks of mushroom, and the mass ratio of the mixture of the fermented and decomposed tea residue and waste mushroom sticks of mushroom to the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 40: 60, adding a solvent to the mixture; the super absorbent resin is sodium polyacrylate;
thirdly, turning the terrace by 40cm, scattering the mixture prepared in the second step on the terrace soil, then carrying out rotary tillage on the terrace by 25cm to fully and uniformly mix the mixture with the soil, and then planting tea seedlings;
step four, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel and the lemongrass extract into a mushroom culture medium to obtain a mixed culture medium, culturing a strain by using the mixed culture medium, spraying the obtained strain and the mixed culture medium on terraces in the row spacing of tea trees together, and covering with fine soil of 3 cm;
wherein the mass ratio of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel to the lemongrass extract to the mushroom culture medium is 5: 3: 80;
the interplanted mushrooms are those with a planting soil pH of 4-6.5, and are Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Pleurotus eryngii, and Stropharia rugosoannulata;
and fifthly, sprinkling water to the ploughed soil, and combining the soil and the mixture to form a condensation layer for fixing sand and moisturizing.
Tea trees and white beech mushrooms in the three embodiments are planted in a Guizhou terrace tea garden, meanwhile, in another Guizhou terrace tea garden with the same environmental soil, the tea trees and the mushrooms are planted according to the conventional technology and are used as comparative examples for comparison, and the data are obtained as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, when tea trees and mushrooms are planted according to the planting methods of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, the tea trees and mushrooms grow better, the yields of tea leaves and mushrooms are greatly increased, the qualities of tea leaves and mushrooms are better, and the pest and disease damage rates of tea trees and mushrooms are well controlled, compared with the planting method of comparative example 1.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A green pollution-free tea ecological planting method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
preparing tea residue cellulose hydrogel and plant fiber particles by using tea residues;
step two, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin, the plant fiber particles and the fertilizer to obtain a mixture;
thirdly, turning the terrace, scattering the mixture prepared in the second step on the terrace soil, then carrying out rotary tillage on the terrace to fully and uniformly mix the mixture with the soil, and then planting tea seedlings;
step four, mixing the tea residue cellulose hydrogel and the lemongrass extract into a mushroom culture medium to obtain a mixed culture medium, culturing a strain by using the mixed culture medium, spraying the obtained strain and the mixed culture medium on terraces in the row spacing of the tea trees together, and covering fine soil on the terraces;
and fifthly, sprinkling water to the ploughed soil, and combining the soil and the mixture to form a condensation layer for fixing sand and moisturizing.
2. The ecological planting method of green and pollution-free tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological planting method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel in the first step comprises the following steps:
a) extracting tea leaves, filtering, drying, removing water-soluble components, soaking in a degreasing reagent, stirring, degreasing, washing with water, decoloring with a decoloring reagent, washing, and drying to obtain degreased and decolored green tea leaves;
b) uniformly mixing the obtained degreased and decolored green tea residue with a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, carrying out water bath, suction filtration and water washing to obtain alkali-extracted green tea residue, carrying out acidolysis, suction filtration, water washing and drying on the alkali-extracted green tea residue to obtain crude tea residue fibers;
c) mixing the crude tea residue fiber with an ionic liquid AMIMCl, heating, stirring and dissolving to obtain a tea residue cellulose colloid, cooling to room temperature, and washing to obtain the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
3. The ecological planting method of green and pollution-free tea leaves as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ecological planting method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the plant fiber particles in the first step comprises the following steps: drying and granulating the crude tea residue fiber obtained in the preparation process of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel.
4. The ecological planting method of green and pollution-free tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological planting method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel, the super absorbent resin, the plant fiber particles and the organic compost in the second step is 2: 1: 10-20: 60-80.
5. The ecological planting method of green and pollution-free tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological planting method comprises the following steps: the fertilizer in the second step is phosphorus potassium fertilizer, fermented and decomposed tea residue and waste mushroom sticks of mushroom, and the mass ratio of the mixture of the fermented and decomposed tea residue and waste mushroom sticks of mushroom to the phosphorus potassium fertilizer is 20-40: 60-80.
6. The ecological planting method of green and pollution-free tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological planting method comprises the following steps: and the super absorbent resin in the second step is sodium polyacrylate.
7. The ecological planting method of green and pollution-free tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological planting method comprises the following steps: the depth of ploughing in the third step is 35-40cm, and the depth of ploughing is 5-25 cm.
8. The ecological planting method of green and pollution-free tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological planting method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the mass ratio of the tea residue cellulose hydrogel to the lemongrass extract to the mushroom culture medium is 5: 3: 70-80.
9. The ecological planting method of green and pollution-free tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ecological planting method comprises the following steps: the mushroom interplanted in the fourth step is mushroom with pH of 4-6.5, and the mushroom is Pleurotus Ostreatus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Pleurotus eryngii, and Stropharia rugosoannulata.
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| CN109757273A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-17 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of tea place ecological planting system |
| CN112189498A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-08 | 福鼎市显然堂茶业有限公司 | Organic tea garden interplanting method |
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| CN103709256A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing hydrogel by modifying tea grounds, and applications of hydrogel |
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| CN112189498A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-08 | 福鼎市显然堂茶业有限公司 | Organic tea garden interplanting method |
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