CN109089709A - A kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil - Google Patents
A kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN109089709A CN109089709A CN201810998167.XA CN201810998167A CN109089709A CN 109089709 A CN109089709 A CN 109089709A CN 201810998167 A CN201810998167 A CN 201810998167A CN 109089709 A CN109089709 A CN 109089709A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil, this method is the growth and development characteristics according to apple, in conjunction with salt-soda soil liquid manure feature, integrated salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure and apple cultivation technology, using calcium superphosphate cream powder, after conch meal and complex micro organism fungicide pre-process salt-soda soil, feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer is applied again, nitro humus acid and marine alga fertilizer, the effectively soil texture in improvement salt-soda soil, reduce soil pH value and salinity, promote salt-soda soil fertility, it will be on Malus spectabilis seedling replanting to salt-soda soil, again using Malus spectabilis seedling as stock grafting apple, it realizes and efficiently plants apple on salt-soda soil, building salt-soda soil apple efficiently plants key technology system；The cultural method can significantly improve growth rate of the apple on salt-soda soil, and be obviously improved the yield of apple and the quality of fresh apple, be suitble to promote and apply in salt-soda soil region.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil, it is specifically a kind of by salt-soda soil physics, chemistry,
Biological treating measure combines with apple cultivation technology, promotes apple in salt-soda soil production capacity, improves apple quality,
Salt-soda soil apple cultivation benefit is improved, field of agricultural cultivation is belonged to.
Background technique
Salt-soda soil is the saline land general name with alkali ground.Solonchak refers mainly to chloride or the higher salinization soil of sulfate,
Soil is in alkalinity, but pH value is not necessarily very high.Refer to alkali carbonate containing or the phosphatic soil of weight, pH value is higher, and soil is in
Alkalinity.The content of organic matter in salt-soda soil is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, more to the harmful anions and canons of crop, crop
It is not easy to promote seedling.The area in whole world salt-soda soil is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 99,130,000 hectares.China's alkali and alkalization
The formation of soil, most of to add up related with Carbonates In Soil, thus basicity is generally higher, and serious salt-soda soil is regional
Plant can hardly survive.The salinization of soil in soil has been worldwide ecological problem, at present the soil in global range
Salinization and alkalization is in obvious ascendant trend, the salinization of soil in soil have become the important limitation of world agriculture sustainable development because
Element.Carry out extensive work in improving saline soil use aspects both at home and abroad, and achieves a series of achievement, it is main at present
Ameliorative measure includes engineering measure, physical method, chemical method, agronomy method, bioanalysis, and wherein bioanalysis ameliorative measure is most effective
One of improved route is at home and abroad studied most generally, is the Main Trends of The Development of salt-soda soil Green Development.
Apple tree belongs to rosaceae, deciduous tree, and elliptic leaf shape has sawtooth；Its fruit is spherical, sweet, crisp, and
Rich in nutrition abundant, minerals and vitamins are especially enriched in, is one of the fruit of people's most often feeding, becomes four flood of the world
The hat of fruit.Therefore, apple is the fruit variety of great plantation economic benefit.
Apple can adapt to most of weather, stronger to soil suitability, and currently reported apple tree is in light moderate
The technology planted on salt-soda soil, as patent CN105830927A discloses a kind of salt-soda soil apple grafting cultivation method；Patent
CN105075628A discloses a kind of method that apple is cultivated on salt-soda soil.But the former only realizes real in light moderate saline-alkali soil
Grafting survival is showed；The latter passes through the moisture content for adjusting salt-soda soil, then is realized by the synergistic effect of ardealite and oil cake
Apple is in the plantation in salt-soda soil, but ardealite belongs to the by-product of inorganic chemical industry, and there are narrow (the production works in source for scale application
Skill is complicated, exists compared with overall situation hidden danger), drawbacks, the economic benefit such as big, the scale application higher cost of leaching processing water consumption have
Wait improve, therefore improving salt-soda soil apple cultivation economic benefit is technical problem to be solved in this field.In addition, salt-soda soil kind
It plants apple and promotes nutrient quality, water, fertilizer consumption in reduction salt-soda soil apple cultivation save natural resources, improves apple cultivation
Benefit is also this field technical problems to be solved.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil, this method is
According to the growth and development characteristics of apple, in conjunction with salt-soda soil liquid manure feature, integrate salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure with
Apple cultivation technology, building salt-soda soil apple efficiently plant key technology system；The cultural method can significantly improve apple and exist
Growth rate on salt-soda soil, and it is obviously improved the yield of apple and the quality of fresh apple, it is suitble to promote in salt-soda soil region and answers
With.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned technical effect:
The present invention provides a kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil, and this method uses calcium superphosphate cream powder, conch meal
After pre-processing with complex micro organism fungicide to salt-soda soil, then apply feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid and sea
Algae fertilizer promotes salt-soda soil fertility to effectively improve the soil texture in salt-soda soil, reduce soil pH value and salinity, will be extra large
On Chinese bush cherry seedling replanting to salt-soda soil, then using Malus spectabilis seedling as stock grafting apple, efficiently planted on salt-soda soil to realize
Apple is obviously improved salt-soda soil apple cultivation benefit.
The method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil of the present invention, specifically include the following steps:
(1) alkaline land improving: it will be sent into pulverizer crush after calcium superphosphate and shell drying respectively, obtain calcium superphosphate
Powder and conch meal；In salt-soda soil dig depth be 10~20cm, the ditch that width is 20~30cm, 30~40cm of drains spacing, by calcium superphosphate
Earthing is filled and led up after powder, conch meal and complex micro organism fungicide are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, is speeded up and is carried out rotary tillage processing, and salt-soda soil is adjusted
Moisture content 30~40% takes film away after covering 5~10d of film；The amount of application of the peroxophosphoric acid calcium powder is 150~200kg/
Mu, the amount of application of conch meal are 300~500kg/ mus, 100~150kg/ mus of complex micro organism fungicide；
(2) culture fertility: the salt-soda soil earth's surface after improvement uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid
And marine alga fertilizer, the amount of application of feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid and marine alga fertilizer are respectively 500~1000kg/
Mu, 100~200kg/ mus, 50~100kg/ mus；Then rotary tillage processing is carried out；
(3) it cultivates Malus spectabilis seedling: by the salt-soda soil after the Malus spectabilis seedling replanting to culture fertility at 1 age, transplanting plant
Away from 5 × 6m, it being laid with drip irrigation facilities, all standing unregistered land film in ground pricks water seepage hole on the mulch around seedling, and field management 1 year；Its
Middle transplanting respectively imposes 1 water soluble algae fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in 3 months and 6 months, is applied by pressure pump
Enter, water soluble fertilizer apply every time 0.1kg/ plants, potassium dihydrogen phosphate apply 0.1~0.2kg/ plants, 0.5~0.8kg/ of urea every time
Strain；
(4) it grafts: after Malus spectabilis seedling is cultivated 1 year in saline and alkaline field, the apple of, robust growth excellent from kind and no disease and pests harm
Its peripheral branch is cut on fruit tree as scion, the length of scion is 12~18cm, after scion is impregnated 2~4h with grafting liquid,
Notch is cut on Malus spectabilis seedling, scion is inserted into notch, the forming layer of scion and stock is fitted closely, is bundled with film tape
It is fixed；
(5) final-period management: in grafting 1 month, daily trickle irrigation 1 time；Then it is marked according to the different apple varieties of grafting
Standardization cultivation management；Water-fertilizer integral mode is all made of when wherein applying fertilizer, and when trimming is special to adapt to the growth of salt-soda soil apple tree
Point takes " whole promotion, light pruning appearance ", " Partial controll promotees improvementization ", " cleaning in time, fixed branch group " three steps, by
Apple tree is trimmed to spindle-like, sets high control in 2~3m.
The smashing fineness of calcium superphosphate and conch meal is 30~50 mesh in the step (1)；Smashing fineness is excessive or too small
It will affect the yield of salt-soda soil apple, analysis reason may be that smashing fineness is too small, influence the uniformity in salt-soda soil, powder
Chopping fine spends the slow releasing function for influencing calcium superphosphate and conch meal greatly, is unfavorable for the accumulation of salt in the surface soil for inhibiting deep soil saline and alkaline.
The composition and quality proportioning of complex micro organism fungicide in the step (1) are as follows: 4~6 parts of EM bacteria agent, salt tolerance methyl
3~5 parts of auxotype bacillus, 1~2 part of Rhizobium of Milk Vetch, 2~3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, 3~4 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,
1~3 part of bacillus licheniformis, 10~15 parts of bentonite.
Preferably, in step step (1) complex micro organism fungicide component and proportion are as follows: 5 parts of EM bacteria agent, salt tolerance methyl
5 parts of auxotype bacillus, 1 part of Rhizobium of Milk Vetch, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, 3 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacillus licheniformis 2
Part, 12 parts of bentonite.
Effective clump count of above-mentioned complex micro organism fungicide is 40~60 × 108Cfu/g or more.
The preparation process of feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer is that agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry are pressed matter in the step (2)
The ratio mixing than 3:1 is measured, moisture content 30~40% is adjusted, is inoculated with material quality than 3% aspergillus niger, 2% bacillus subtilis
Bacterium and 5% Bacillus acidi lactici, naturally decomposed 30d or more.
The above-mentioned preferred cow dung of feces of livestock and poultry, is also possible to the mixture of one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement；Agriculture
Crop material refers to the crushed material of one or more of wheat, corn, straw.
Marine algae extract >=10% in step (2) marine alga fertilizer, marine organisms calcium powder >=10%, organic matter >=
30%, N+P2O5+K2O >=30%.
Malus spectabilis can choose Mains Zumi or Mains micromalus in the step (3).
Step (3) the water soluble algae fertilizer, product organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L, algal polysaccharides
≥50g/L。
Grafting liquid is the ethanol solution for taking 5~7 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetates to be dissolved in 20% by weight in the step (4), with shell
2~4 parts of oligosaccharides, 0.2-1 parts of gibberellin be dissolved in 100 parts of water, be uniformly mixed be made；Wherein the molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide is
1000-2000D；The molecular weight for changing chitosan oligosaccharide significantly reduces the survival rate of grafting.
The present invention has following technical advantage compared with the existing technology:
(1) present invention integrates salt-soda soil physics, changes according to the growth and development characteristics of apple in conjunction with salt-soda soil liquid manure feature
Learn, biological treating measure and apple cultivation technology organically combine, significant to improve growth rate of the apple on salt-soda soil, and significantly
The yield of apple and the quality of new fresh dates fruit are promoted, is suitble to promote and apply in salt-soda soil field；
(2) present invention by calcium superphosphate, conch meal, complex micro organism fungicide synergistic effect, promote calcium superphosphate with
Carbon in soil acid hydrogen sodium, sodium carbonate sufficiently react, and generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate etc. to reduce surface soil alkalinity, and calcium ion is by glue
Sodium ion replaces out in composite, and sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduces soil pH value, and promote soil aggregate structure
Formation, increase the penetrating power of soil, leaching salt sinking accelerated to make topsoil desalination；Microbial bacterial agent can improve saline-alkali soil, promote
It is retained soil fertilizer, the organic acid generated can neutralize soil pH, and the oxidoreducing enzyme of microorganism generation, metalloprotein
The functional metabolisms derivative such as enzyme, azotase can effectively replace the cured element hard to tolerate of saline-alkali soil；It can be produced during microbial reproduction
Raw a large amount of organic matters, physical property can effectively improve saline-alkali soil, accelerate insoluble phosphate and solidify the dissolution and release of potassium,
Increase available phosphorus and potassium content in soil, improves apple production.The experimental results showed that calcium superphosphate, conch meal, complex microorganism
Synergistic effect be obviously improved alkaline land improving effect.
(3) stock for selecting Malus spectabilis to graft as apple in the present invention, Malus spectabilis have stronger salt tolerant alkali ability and resist
Inverse property, and with apple affinity with higher.The application passes through feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid and alga fertilizer
The synergistic effect of material has been obviously improved the fertility in salt-soda soil, then Malus spectabilis seedling is transplanted on salt-soda soil, can guarantee growth of seedling
Well, using Malus spectabilis seedling as stock grafting apple branch, the survival rate of grafting apple branch is improved, up to 98% or more, from
And it realizes and cultivates apple on salt-soda soil.
(4) method of the present invention can make apple tree growth rapidly, and realize the stable yields and high yield of apple,
The quality of apple fruit is improved, apple cultivation remarkable in economical benefits in salt-soda soil is driven to be promoted.In addition, practice result shows at this
Under the technology condition of invention, under the conditions of the identical final-period management of same breed, the present invention can make apple premature labor 10 days or more, existing
There is technology to have no the technical report for realizing apple premature labor by alkaline land improving and culture fertility.
(5) present invention makes rational planning for according to the salt-tolerant threshold of soil salt content and apple, carries out alkaline land improving and fertilizing
Soil fertility, in conjunction with intellectual monitoring, to realize the precision production of apple, is significantly reduced using liquid manure one in production process
The use of liquid manure saves water 30% or more compared with conventional Saline-alkali Field Control measure, saves 40% or more fertilizer, is suitable for rule
Modelling promotes and applies.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil, specifically include the following steps:
(1) alkaline land improving: it will be sent into pulverizer crush after calcium superphosphate and shell drying respectively, obtain calcium superphosphate
Powder and conch meal；In salt-soda soil dig depth be 10~20cm, the ditch that width is 20~30cm, 30~40cm of drains spacing, by calcium superphosphate
Earthing is filled and led up after powder, conch meal and complex micro organism fungicide are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, is speeded up and is carried out rotary tillage processing, and salt-soda soil is adjusted
Moisture content 30~40% takes film away after covering film 10d；The amount of application of the peroxophosphoric acid calcium powder is 180kg/ mus, shell
The amount of application of powder is 400kg/ mus, 120kg/ mus of complex micro organism fungicide；Wherein the smashing fineness of calcium superphosphate and conch meal is
30~50 mesh；The effective clump count of complex micro organism fungicide is 40~60 × 108Cfu/g, composition and quality proportioning are as follows: EM bacteria agent
5 parts, 5 parts of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus, 1 part of Rhizobium of Milk Vetch, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 3
Part, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 12 parts of bentonite；
(2) culture fertility: the salt-soda soil earth's surface after improvement uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid
And marine alga fertilizer, the amount of application of feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid and marine alga fertilizer is respectively 750kg/ mus,
150kg/ mus, 70kg/ mus；Then rotary tillage processing is carried out；The preparation process of the feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer is by crops
The mixing of the ratio of stalk and feces of livestock and poultry 3:1 in mass ratio, adjusts moisture content 30~40%, and inoculation material quality is more black than 3%
Aspergillus, 2% bacillus subtilis and 5% Bacillus acidi lactici, naturally decomposed 30d or more, the preferred cow dung of feces of livestock and poultry are also possible to pig
The mixture of one or more of excrement, chicken manure, duck excrement；Agricultural crop straw refers to one of wheat, corn, straw or several
The crushed material of kind；Marine algae extract >=10% in the marine alga fertilizer, marine organisms calcium powder >=10%, organic matter >=30%, N+
P2O5+K2O >=30%；
(3) it cultivates Malus spectabilis seedling: by the salt-soda soil after the Malus spectabilis seedling replanting to culture fertility at 1 age, transplanting plant
Away from 5 × 6m, it being laid with drip irrigation facilities, all standing unregistered land film in ground pricks water seepage hole on the mulch around seedling, and field management 1 year；Its
Middle transplanting respectively imposes 1 water soluble algae fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in 3 months and 6 months, is applied by pressure pump
Enter, water soluble fertilizer apply every time 0.1kg/ plants, potassium dihydrogen phosphate apply 0.15kg/ plants, 0.7kg/ plants of urea every time；Wherein institute
State Malus spectabilis selection Mains Zumi；The water soluble algae fertilizer, product organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L, seaweed
Polysaccharide >=50g/L；
(4) it grafts: after Malus spectabilis seedling is cultivated 1 year in saline and alkaline field, the apple of, robust growth excellent from kind and no disease and pests harm
Its peripheral branch is cut on fruit tree as scion, the length of scion is 12~18cm, after scion is impregnated 2~4h with grafting liquid,
Notch is cut on Malus spectabilis seedling, scion is inserted into notch, the forming layer of scion and stock is fitted closely, is bundled with film tape
It is fixed；The grafting liquid is the ethanol solution for taking 6 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetates to be dissolved in 20% by weight, with 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, gibberellin
0.6 part is dissolved in 100 parts of water, is uniformly mixed and is made, and wherein the molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide is 1000-2000D；
(5) final-period management: in grafting 1 month, daily trickle irrigation 1 time；Then it is marked according to the different apple varieties of grafting
Standardization cultivation management；Water-fertilizer integral mode is all made of when wherein applying fertilizer, and when trimming is special to adapt to the growth of salt-soda soil apple tree
Point takes " whole promotion, light pruning appearance ", " Partial controll promotees improvementization ", " cleaning in time, fixed branch group " three steps, by
Apple tree is trimmed to spindle-like, sets high control in 2~3m.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil, specifically include the following steps:
(1) alkaline land improving: it will be sent into pulverizer crush after calcium superphosphate and shell drying respectively, obtain calcium superphosphate
Powder and conch meal；In salt-soda soil dig depth be 10~20cm, the ditch that width is 20~30cm, 30~40cm of drains spacing, by calcium superphosphate
Earthing is filled and led up after powder, conch meal and complex micro organism fungicide are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, is speeded up and is carried out rotary tillage processing, and salt-soda soil is adjusted
Moisture content 30~40% takes film away after covering 5~10d of film；The amount of application of the peroxophosphoric acid calcium powder is 150kg/ mus, shellfish
The amount of application of shell powder is 300kg/ mus, 100kg/ mus of complex micro organism fungicide；The wherein smashing fineness of calcium superphosphate and conch meal
For 30~50 mesh；The effective clump count of complex micro organism fungicide is 40~60 × 108Cfu/g, composition and quality proportioning are as follows: EM bacterium
5 parts of agent, 5 parts of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus, 1 part of Rhizobium of Milk Vetch, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 3
Part, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 12 parts of bentonite；
(2) culture fertility: the salt-soda soil earth's surface after improvement uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid
And marine alga fertilizer, the amount of application of feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid and marine alga fertilizer is respectively 500kg/ mus,
100kg/ mus, 50kg/ mus；Then rotary tillage processing is carried out；The preparation process of the feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer is by crops
The mixing of the ratio of stalk and feces of livestock and poultry 3:1 in mass ratio, adjusts moisture content 30~40%, and inoculation material quality is more black than 3%
Aspergillus, 2% bacillus subtilis and 5% Bacillus acidi lactici, naturally decomposed 30d or more, the preferred cow dung of feces of livestock and poultry are also possible to pig
The mixture of one or more of excrement, chicken manure, duck excrement；Agricultural crop straw refers to one of wheat, corn, straw or several
The crushed material of kind；Marine algae extract >=10% in the marine alga fertilizer, marine organisms calcium powder >=10%, organic matter >=30%, N+
P2O5+K2O >=30%；
(3) it cultivates Malus spectabilis seedling: by the salt-soda soil after the Malus spectabilis seedling replanting to culture fertility at 1 age, transplanting plant
Away from 5 × 6m, it being laid with drip irrigation facilities, all standing unregistered land film in ground pricks water seepage hole on the mulch around seedling, and field management 1 year；Its
Middle transplanting respectively imposes 1 water soluble algae fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in 3 months and 6 months, is applied by pressure pump
Enter, water soluble fertilizer apply every time 0.1kg/ plants, potassium dihydrogen phosphate apply 0.15kg/ plants, 0.7kg/ plants of urea every time；Wherein institute
Stating Malus spectabilis can choose Mains Zumi；The water soluble algae fertilizer, product organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L,
Algal polysaccharides >=50g/L；
(4) it grafts: after Malus spectabilis seedling is cultivated 1 year in saline and alkaline field, the apple of, robust growth excellent from kind and no disease and pests harm
Its peripheral branch is cut on fruit tree as scion, the length of scion is 12~18cm, after scion is impregnated 2~4h with grafting liquid,
Notch is cut on Malus spectabilis seedling, scion is inserted into notch, the forming layer of scion and stock is fitted closely, is bundled with film tape
It is fixed；The grafting liquid is the ethanol solution for taking 6 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetates to be dissolved in 20% by weight, with 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, gibberellin
0.6 part is dissolved in 100 parts of water, is uniformly mixed and is made, and wherein the molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide is 1000-2000D；
(5) final-period management: in grafting 1 month, daily trickle irrigation 1 time；Then it is marked according to the different apple varieties of grafting
Standardization cultivation management；Water-fertilizer integral mode is all made of when wherein applying fertilizer, and when trimming is special to adapt to the growth of salt-soda soil apple tree
Point takes " whole promotion, light pruning appearance ", " Partial controll promotees improvementization ", " cleaning in time, fixed branch group " three steps, by
Apple tree is trimmed to spindle-like, sets high control in 2~3m.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil, specifically include the following steps:
(1) alkaline land improving: it will be sent into pulverizer crush after calcium superphosphate and shell drying respectively, obtain calcium superphosphate
Powder and conch meal；In salt-soda soil dig depth be 10~20cm, the ditch that width is 20~30cm, 30~40cm of drains spacing, by calcium superphosphate
Earthing is filled and led up after powder, conch meal and complex micro organism fungicide are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, is speeded up and is carried out rotary tillage processing, and salt-soda soil is adjusted
Moisture content 30~40% takes film away after covering 5~10d of film；The amount of application of the peroxophosphoric acid calcium powder is 200kg/ mus, shellfish
The amount of application of shell powder is 500kg/ mus, 150kg/ mus of complex micro organism fungicide；The wherein smashing fineness of calcium superphosphate and conch meal
For 30~50 mesh；The effective clump count of complex micro organism fungicide is 40~60 × 108Cfu/g, composition and quality proportioning are as follows: EM bacterium
5 parts of agent, 5 parts of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus, 1 part of Rhizobium of Milk Vetch, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi 3
Part, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 12 parts of bentonite；
(2) culture fertility: the salt-soda soil earth's surface after improvement uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid
And marine alga fertilizer, the amount of application of feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid and marine alga fertilizer is respectively 1000kg/ mus,
200kg/ mus, 100kg/ mus；Then rotary tillage processing is carried out；The preparation process of the feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer is by crops
The mixing of the ratio of stalk and feces of livestock and poultry 3:1 in mass ratio, adjusts moisture content 30~40%, and inoculation material quality is more black than 3%
Aspergillus, 2% bacillus subtilis and 5% Bacillus acidi lactici, naturally decomposed 30d or more, the preferred cow dung of feces of livestock and poultry are also possible to pig
The mixture of one or more of excrement, chicken manure, duck excrement；Agricultural crop straw refers to one of wheat, corn, straw or several
The crushed material of kind；Marine algae extract >=10% in the marine alga fertilizer, marine organisms calcium powder >=10%, organic matter >=30%, N+
P2O5+K2O >=30%；
(3) it cultivates Malus spectabilis seedling: by the salt-soda soil after the Malus spectabilis seedling replanting to culture fertility at 1 age, transplanting plant
Away from 5 × 6m, it being laid with drip irrigation facilities, all standing unregistered land film in ground pricks water seepage hole on the mulch around seedling, and field management 1 year；Its
Middle transplanting respectively imposes 1 water soluble algae fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea in 3 months and 6 months, is applied by pressure pump
Enter, water soluble fertilizer apply every time 0.1kg/ plants, potassium dihydrogen phosphate apply 0.15kg/ plants, 0.7kg/ plants of urea every time；Wherein institute
Stating Malus spectabilis can choose Mains Zumi；The water soluble algae fertilizer, product organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L,
Algal polysaccharides >=50g/L；
(4) it grafts: after Malus spectabilis seedling is cultivated 1 year in saline and alkaline field, the apple of, robust growth excellent from kind and no disease and pests harm
Its peripheral branch is cut on fruit tree as scion, the length of scion is 12~18cm, after scion is impregnated 2~4h with grafting liquid,
Notch is cut on Malus spectabilis seedling, scion is inserted into notch, the forming layer of scion and stock is fitted closely, is bundled with film tape
It is fixed；The grafting liquid is the ethanol solution for taking 6 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetates to be dissolved in 20% by weight, with 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, gibberellin
0.6 part is dissolved in 100 parts of water, is uniformly mixed and is made, and wherein the molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide is 1000-2000D；
(5) final-period management: in grafting 1 month, daily trickle irrigation 1 time；Then it is marked according to the different apple varieties of grafting
Standardization cultivation management；Water-fertilizer integral mode is all made of when wherein applying fertilizer, and when trimming is special to adapt to the growth of salt-soda soil apple tree
Point takes " whole promotion, light pruning appearance ", " Partial controll promotees improvementization ", " cleaning in time, fixed branch group " three steps, by
Apple tree is trimmed to spindle-like, sets high control in 2~3m.
Embodiment 4: below with experimental verification acquisition of technology effect of the present invention
Test one: influence of the different alkaline land improving measures to experimental plot is measured:
In Accessories during Binzhou Wudi County, Circum-Bohai Sea beach saline land carries out alkaline land improving test, experimental plot is grouped, every group of examination
The area for testing field is 200m2, processing method and test result are as shown in the table, and wherein pH value is measured with acidometer:
Test two: influence of the measurement different process to apple production and quality
The yield and nutrient quality of different cultivation technique apples are measured, wherein control group is non-salt-soda soil same breed, phase
With the apple tree of the age of tree, routinely cultivation technique is planted；Embodiment 1-3 group is respectively according to the cultivation technique in embodiment 1-3；Mould
Type control group is according to patent CN105075628A technology；Experimental result is as follows:
It can be found that under present invention process, salt-soda soil apple products exceed or close to non-salt more above-mentioned experimental result
Alkali ground apple production, nutrient quality has to be promoted by a relatively large margin, and changes technique and have significant shadow to apple production and nutrient quality
It rings.It is comprehensively compared, embodiment 1 is most preferred embodiment.
The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention, rather than is limited；Although referring to aforementioned reality
It applies example to be described in detail to by invention, but for those of ordinary skill in the art, it still can be to aforementioned reality
Technical solution documented by example is applied to modify or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And to these modifications
Or replacement, the spirit and scope for claimed technical solution of the invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that apple is efficiently planted in salt-soda soil, it is characterised in that specifically include the following steps:
(1) alkaline land improving: respectively will calcium superphosphate and shell drying after be sent into pulverizer in crush, obtain peroxophosphoric acid calcium powder and
Conch meal；In salt-soda soil dig depth be 10~20cm, the ditch that width is 20~30cm, 30~40cm of drains spacing, by peroxophosphoric acid calcium powder, shellfish
Earthing is filled and led up after shell powder and complex micro organism fungicide are uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, is speeded up and is carried out rotary tillage processing, and salt-soda soil moisture is adjusted
Content 30~40% takes film away after covering 5~10d of film；The amount of application of the peroxophosphoric acid calcium powder is 150~200kg/ mus,
The amount of application of conch meal is 300~500kg/ mus, 100~150kg/ mus of complex micro organism fungicide；
(2) culture fertility: the salt-soda soil earth's surface after improvement uniformly spreads fertilizer over the fields feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid and sea
Algae fertilizer, the amount of application of feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer, nitro humus acid and marine alga fertilizer is respectively 500~1000kg/ mus,
100~200kg/ mus, 50~100kg/ mus；Then rotary tillage processing is carried out；
(3) cultivate Malus spectabilis seedling: will in the salt-soda soil after the Malus spectabilis seedling replanting to culture fertility at 1 age, transplant seeding row spacing 5 ×
6m is laid with drip irrigation facilities, all standing unregistered land film in ground, pricks water seepage hole on the mulch around seedling, and field management 1 year；Wherein move
It plants 3 months and 6 months and respectively imposes 1 water soluble algae fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, applied by pressure pump, water
Soluble fertilizers apply every time 0.1kg/ plants, potassium dihydrogen phosphate apply 0.1~0.2kg/ plants, 0.5~0.8kg/ plants of urea every time；
(4) it grafts: after Malus spectabilis seedling is cultivated 1 year in saline and alkaline field, the apple tree of, robust growth excellent from kind and no disease and pests harm
On cut its peripheral branch as scion, the length of scion is 12~18cm, after scion is impregnated 2~4h with grafting liquid, in Malus spectabilis
Notch is cut on seedling, scion is inserted into notch, the forming layer of scion and stock is fitted closely, and is bundled with film tape solid
It is fixed；
(5) final-period management: in grafting 1 month, daily trickle irrigation 1 time；Then it is standardized according to the different apple varieties of grafting
Cultivation management；Water-fertilizer integral mode is all made of when wherein applying fertilizer, and the growth characteristic for adapting to salt-soda soil apple tree when trimming is adopted
" whole promotion, light pruning appearance ", " Partial controll promotees improvementization ", " cleaning in time, fixed branch group " three steps are taken, by apple
Tree-pruning sets high control in 2~3m at spindle-like.
2. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (1)
The smashing fineness of calcium superphosphate and conch meal is 30~50 mesh.
3. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (1)
The composition and quality proportioning of complex micro organism fungicide are as follows: 4~6 parts of EM bacteria agent, 3~5 parts of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus,
It is 1~2 part of Rhizobium of Milk Vetch, 2~3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, 3~4 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 1~3 part of bacillus licheniformis, swollen
10~15 parts of profit soil.
4. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step step
(1) component of complex micro organism fungicide and proportion are preferred in are as follows: 5 parts of EM bacteria agent, 5 parts of salt tolerance Methylotrophic bacillus,
1 part of Rhizobium of Milk Vetch, 3 parts of dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium, 3 parts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 2 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 12 parts of bentonite.
5. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the composite microbial
Effective clump count of object microbial inoculum is 40~60 × 108Cfu/g or more.
6. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (2)
The preparation process of feces of livestock and poultry biological organic fertilizer is to mix the ratio of agricultural crop straw and feces of livestock and poultry 3:1 in mass ratio, is adjusted
Whole moisture content 30~40%, inoculation material quality are natural than 3% aspergillus niger, 2% bacillus subtilis and 5% Bacillus acidi lactici
Decomposed 30d or more.
7. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the feces of livestock and poultry
It is preferred that cow dung, is also possible to the mixture of one or more of pig manure, chicken manure, duck excrement；Agricultural crop straw refers to wheat, jade
The crushed material of one or more of rice, straw.
8. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) sea
Marine algae extract >=10% in algae fertilizer, marine organisms calcium powder >=10%, organic matter >=30%, N+P2O5+K2O >=30%；It is described
Step (3) water soluble algae fertilizer, product organic matter >=120g/L, P2O5+K2O >=80g/L, algal polysaccharides >=50g/L.
9. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (3)
Malus spectabilis can choose Mains Zumi or Mains micromalus.
10. the method that apple is efficiently planted in a kind of salt-soda soil according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (4)
Middle grafting liquid is the ethanol solution for taking 5~7 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetates to be dissolved in 20% by weight, with 2~4 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, gibberellin
0.2-1 parts are dissolved in 100 parts of water, are uniformly mixed and are made；Wherein the molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide is 1000-2000D.
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| CN109837090A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-06-04 | 广东宜瑞环境科技有限公司 | A kind of restorative procedure of salt affected soil |
| CN112314102A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-02-05 | 山东省食品药品检验研究院 | Method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms |
| CN113115678A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-16 | 栖霞市沃尔德果蔬冷藏有限公司 | Apple planting method and planting equipment thereof |
| IT202100013931A1 (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-11-27 | Rigenera S R L S | BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER PRODUCT AND RELATED PRODUCTION PROCEDURE |
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| CN109076865A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-25 | 无棣振棣农牧有限公司 | A kind of method that salt-soda soil water-fertilizer integral improves winter jujube planting benefit |
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| CN112314102A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-02-05 | 山东省食品药品检验研究院 | Method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms |
| CN113115678A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-16 | 栖霞市沃尔德果蔬冷藏有限公司 | Apple planting method and planting equipment thereof |
| CN113115678B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-05-31 | 栖霞市沃尔德果蔬冷藏有限公司 | Apple planting method and planting equipment thereof |
| IT202100013931A1 (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-11-27 | Rigenera S R L S | BIOLOGICAL FERTILIZER PRODUCT AND RELATED PRODUCTION PROCEDURE |
| EP4095118A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 | 2022-11-30 | Rigenera S.r.l. | Biological fertilizer product and corresponding production method |
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Application publication date: 20181228 |