CN112314102A - Method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms - Google Patents
Method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms Download PDFInfo
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- CN112314102A CN112314102A CN202011347218.6A CN202011347218A CN112314102A CN 112314102 A CN112314102 A CN 112314102A CN 202011347218 A CN202011347218 A CN 202011347218A CN 112314102 A CN112314102 A CN 112314102A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms, which comprises the following steps: sterilizing orchard soil, adding amino modified biochar, acid modified biochar, AM fungal inoculant and montmorillonite, mixing, and placing in a planting pot; planting the seeds of the hair vetch in a planting pot; mixing EM bacterial agent, ferromagnetic modified zeolite-biochar, sodium glutamate, acetic acid, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and water to obtain EM bacterial liquid; after the vetch seedlings emerge, pouring the EM bacterial solution into a planting pot; from the day of emergence of the hair vetch, after the hair vetch grows for 15 to 30 days, the hair vetch is transplanted around the fruit tree together with soil, and the residual soil in the flowerpot is applied around the fruit tree in a ditching and applying manner. The method for improving the acid soil by using the microorganisms can realize the comprehensive improvement of the soil performance of the fruit trees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil treatment, in particular to a method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms.
Background
With the continuous development of modern fruit industry, the quality of fruits is more and more emphasized, and soil is used as the basis of the growth of fruit trees and plays a vital role in improving the yield and the quality of the fruits. The soil in the north of China has high calcium content and strong acid resistance, but a large number of researches show that the soil in the north also has a serious acidification phenomenon, and particularly the orchard soil has strong acidity. The method is directly related to the problems of unscientific fertilizer application, large-scale fertilizer and organic fertilizer application and the like of fruit growers.
For the orchard soil acidification condition, a soil conditioner is usually adopted to repair and improve the orchard soil. However, the acid soil conditioner in the prior art is usually single in purpose, only needs to reduce the pH value of the soil, and neglects other problems of the orchard acid soil, for example, the pH value of the acid soil in the apple orchard in Jiaodong area is as low as about 4, and the heavy metal content is seriously exceeded. In view of the above, a soil improvement method capable of comprehensively improving and improving the acidic soil in the orchard is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms, which can reduce the acidity of orchard soil, promote the combination of microorganisms and intracellular protein through adsorbing heavy metal ions, reduce the content of heavy metal in the soil, greatly reduce the absorption of heavy metal ions by fruit trees, improve the yield and quality of the fruit trees and realize the comprehensive improvement of the soil performance of the fruit trees.
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms, which comprises the following steps:
and S100, sterilizing orchard soil, adding amino modified biochar, acid modified biochar, an AM fungal inoculant and montmorillonite, mixing uniformly, and placing in a planting pot.
Step S200, planting the vetch seeds in a planting pot.
And step S300, mixing the EM bacterial agent, the ferromagnetic modified zeolite-biochar, sodium glutamate, acetic acid, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and water to obtain the EM bacterial liquid.
And S400, pouring the EM fungus liquid into a planting pot after the vetch seedlings emerge.
Step S500, transplanting the hairy vetch with soil to the periphery of the fruit tree after the hairy vetch grows for 15-30 days from the day of emergence of the hairy vetch, and applying the residual soil in the flowerpot to the periphery of the fruit tree in a ditching and applying mode.
Optionally, modifying the straw biochar with hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to obtain acidic biochar; APTES is used for modifying the straw biochar to obtain amino modified biochar; modifying the straw biochar and the zeolite by ferric chloride to obtain ferromagnetic modified zeolite-biochar.
Alternatively, the preparation method of the ferromagnetized modified zeolite-biochar is as follows:
(1) the initial gel is prepared by mixing silica aerogel serving as a silicon source, sodium metaaluminate serving as an aluminum source, sodium hydroxide serving as alkali and CTAB serving as a structure directing agent.
(2) The initial gel was aged at room temperature.
(3) And transferring the aged initial gel into a reaction kettle for carrying out a first hydrothermal reaction.
(4) And taking the reaction kettle out of the oven, putting the reaction kettle into ice water, rapidly cooling to 0 ℃, opening the reaction kettle, adding the biochar and ferric trichloride into the reaction kettle, and putting the reaction kettle into the oven again for a second hydrothermal reaction.
(5) And after the second hydrothermal reaction is finished, taking the reaction kettle out of the oven, putting the reaction kettle into ice water, rapidly cooling to 0 ℃, opening the reaction kettle, filtering the solid product, washing the solid product with deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying to obtain the ferromagnetic modified zeolite-charcoal.
Optionally, the preparation method of the amino modified biochar is as follows: mixing and stirring the straw biochar and absolute ethyl alcohol uniformly, adding APTES, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 by using concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing at room temperature for 1-2h, refluxing in a water bath at 50-100 ℃ for 2-5h, centrifugally separating a solid product, filtering the solid product, washing with deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying to obtain the amino modified biochar.
Optionally, the preparation method of the acid-modified biochar is as follows: mixing the straw biochar with a hydrochloric acid or nitric acid solution, magnetically stirring for 24-36h, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the acid modified biochar correspondingly.
Optionally, SiO in the initial gel on a molar basis2/Na2O/H2O/Al2O3/CTAB=（25-40）/（10-15）/（500-1500）/1/（0.5-5）。
Optionally, in step S100, by mass, 100 parts of orchard soil, 2-6 parts of amino-modified biochar, 1-3 parts of acid-modified biochar, 1-5 parts of AM fungal inoculant, and 10-20 parts of montmorillonite.
Optionally, in step S200, 3-5 vetch seeds are planted in every 1kg of orchard soil.
Optionally, in step S300, by mass, 1 to 3 parts of EM bacterial agent, 5 to 10 parts of ferromagnetic modified zeolite-charcoal, 0.5 to 1 part of sodium glutamate, 0.1 to 0.5 part of acetic acid, 0.5 to 1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.1 to 0.5 part of sodium acetate, and 100 parts of water.
Optionally, the straw biochar is soybean straw biochar or corn straw biochar.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of carrying out propagation culture on the AM fungi in a hairy vetch planting mode to obtain a rhizosphere sand-soil mixture containing fungi propagules, transplanting the rhizosphere sand-soil mixture to a fruit tree, selecting orchard acid soil to cultivate hairy vetch, enabling the finally-surviving hairy vetch and AM fungi to be suitable for the acid soil environment, and enabling survival rate to be high and activity to be good after replanting, and on the other hand, compared with the method that the microbial inoculum is directly used as a component of a soil conditioner to be applied to orchard acid soil, the activity and mycorrhiza infection rate of the AM fungi can be further improved. The two aspects can make the AM fungus fully exert the advantages thereof, and reduce the soil acidity and the heavy metal content. The hair vetch serving as a beneficial grass can also play a role of the hair vetch to promote the growth of fruit trees.
(2) The conventional biochar usually influences the growth of the AM fungi due to the existence of the pore structure, but the amino modified biochar and the acid modified biochar are jointly applied, so that the pore structure is relatively large, the growth requirements of the AM fungi can be met, the influence on the growth of the AM fungi is small, and meanwhile, the acidity of soil can be reduced, the soil hardening can be relieved, and the desertification of the soil can be improved.
(3) After the vetch seedlings emerge, EM bacteria liquid is applied to ensure the growth of AM fungi. The effect of adding the ferromagnetized modified zeolite-biochar into the applied EM bacterial liquid is that the biochar is often not regular in appearance, the zeolite is regular in appearance, the ferromagnetized modified zeolite-biochar is regular in appearance, so that various nutrient components and EM in the bacterial liquid are uniformly distributed, the growth of EM bacteria is guaranteed, the EM bacterial liquid is added into a planting pot with AM fungi, the influence on the AM fungi is small, the nutrition supply requirement between the AM fungi and EM bacterial colony is effectively balanced, the synergistic effect and the interaction relation of the two effective bacteria are easier to form, and the advantages of the two bacteria are fully exerted. Can relieve soil acidification, reduce heavy metal content, can make soil become loose, soft again, increase soil air permeability, promote soil fertility, realize improving and promoting the comprehensive of orchard acid soil performance.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms, which realizes the comprehensive improvement of the soil performance of fruit trees. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Microorganism improvement method
The embodiment provides a method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms, which comprises the following steps:
and S100, sterilizing orchard soil, adding amino modified biochar, acid modified biochar, an AM fungal inoculant and montmorillonite, and mixing uniformly. In this example, the orchard acid soil taken is the soil of a certain apple orchard in Jiaodong. The orchard soil modifier comprises, by mass, 100 parts of orchard soil, 5 parts of amino modified biochar, 2 parts of acid modified biochar, 3 parts of AM fungal inoculant and 18 parts of montmorillonite. In addition, the application also provides a proportion range of the soil and other components in the step S100, including 100 parts of orchard soil, 2-6 parts of amino modified biochar, 1-3 parts of acid modified biochar, 1-5 parts of AM fungal inoculant and 10-20 parts of montmorillonite. The AM bacterial agent selected in the embodiment is a commercially available bacterial agent.
Step S200, planting the hair vetch seeds in planting pots, in the embodiment, 5kg of planting pots are adopted, 5kg of soil obtained in the step S100 is placed in each planting pot, and 15 hair vetch seeds are planted in each planting pot.
And step S300, mixing the EM bacterial agent, the ferromagnetic modified zeolite-biochar, sodium glutamate, acetic acid, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and water to obtain the EM bacterial liquid. In this example, 2 parts by mass of an EM bacterial agent, 8 parts by mass of ferromagnetic modified zeolite-charcoal, 0.5 part by mass of sodium glutamate, 0.2 part by mass of acetic acid, 0.7 part by mass of ammonium chloride, 0.2 part by mass of sodium acetate, and 100 parts by mass of water were mixed together to obtain an EM bacterial solution. In addition, the application also provides a proportioning range of the EM bacterial liquid, 1-3 parts of EM bacterial agent, 5-10 parts of ferromagnetic modified zeolite-charcoal, 0.5-1 part of sodium glutamate, 0.1-0.5 part of acetic acid, 0.5-1 part of ammonium chloride, 0.1-0.5 part of sodium acetate and 100 parts of water. The EM bacterial agent selected in the embodiment is a commercially available bacterial agent.
And S400, pouring the EM fungus liquid into a planting pot after the vetch seedlings emerge.
Step S500, from the day of emergence of the hair vetch, growing for 15-30 days according to the growth vigor of the hair vetch, transplanting the hair vetch to the periphery of the fruit tree together with soil, and applying the residual soil in the flowerpot to the periphery of the fruit tree in a ditching and applying manner.
Preparation method of modified biochar
The invention also provides a preparation method of the modified biochar, which can adopt corn straw biochar or soybean straw biochar and comprises the following steps:
1. the preparation method of the acid modified biochar comprises the following steps: mixing the straw biochar with a hydrochloric acid or nitric acid solution, magnetically stirring for 24-36h, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the acid modified biochar correspondingly.
2. The preparation method of the amino modified biochar comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring the straw biochar and absolute ethyl alcohol uniformly, adding APTES, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 by using concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing at room temperature for 1-2h, refluxing in a water bath at 50-100 ℃ for 2-5h, centrifugally separating a solid product, filtering the solid product, washing with deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying to obtain the amino modified biochar.
3. The preparation method of the iron magnetization modified zeolite-biochar comprises the following steps:
(1) the initial gel is prepared by mixing silica aerogel serving as a silicon source, sodium metaaluminate serving as an aluminum source, sodium hydroxide serving as alkali and CTAB serving as a structure directing agent.
(2) The initial gel was aged at room temperature.
(3) And transferring the aged initial gel into a reaction kettle for carrying out a first hydrothermal reaction.
(4) And taking the reaction kettle out of the oven, putting the reaction kettle into ice water, rapidly cooling to 0 ℃, opening the reaction kettle, adding the biochar and ferric trichloride into the reaction kettle, and putting the reaction kettle into the oven again for a second hydrothermal reaction.
(5) And after the second hydrothermal reaction is finished, taking the reaction kettle out of the oven, putting the reaction kettle into ice water, rapidly cooling to 0 ℃, opening the reaction kettle, filtering the solid product, washing the solid product with deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying to obtain the ferromagnetic modified zeolite-charcoal.
With regard to the preparation method of the ferromagnetized modified zeolite-biochar, it is noted that the SiO in the initial gel is calculated by mole2/Na2O/H2O/Al2O3CTAB = (25-40)/(10-15)/(500-. The straw bio-charcoal gel comprises, by mass, 10 parts of initial gel, 3-5 parts of straw bio-charcoal and 0.3-0.5 part of ferric chloride.
Improved soil test results
Under the condition of normally maintaining the fruit trees, after three months, the following indexes are evaluated and found:
1. orchard soil pH: 3.8 → 5.6.
2. Heavy metal content (ppm): (1) cd: 2.4 → 1.3; (2) pb: 159 → 104; as: 45 → 39.
3. The loose and soft degree of the orchard soil is obviously improved.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements shown and described above, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving acid soil by using microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, sterilizing orchard soil, adding amino modified biochar, acid modified biochar, an AM fungal inoculant and montmorillonite, mixing uniformly, and placing in a planting pot;
s200, planting the vetch seeds in a planting pot;
step S300, mixing the EM bacterial agent, the ferromagnetic modified zeolite-biochar, sodium glutamate, acetic acid, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and water to obtain EM bacterial liquid;
step S400, pouring the EM bacterial solution into a planting pot after the vetch seedlings emerge;
step S500, transplanting the hairy vetch with soil to the periphery of the fruit tree after the hairy vetch grows for 15-30 days from the day of emergence of the hairy vetch, and applying the residual soil in the flowerpot to the periphery of the fruit tree in a ditching and applying mode.
2. The method for improving acidic soil by using microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein the straw biochar is modified by hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to obtain acidic biochar; APTES is used for modifying the straw biochar to obtain amino modified biochar; modifying the straw biochar and the zeolite by ferric chloride to obtain ferromagnetic modified zeolite-biochar.
3. The method for improving acidic soil using microorganisms according to claim 2, wherein the ferromagnetized modified zeolite-biochar is prepared by the following method:
(1) mixing silicon dioxide aerogel serving as a silicon source, sodium metaaluminate serving as an aluminum source, sodium hydroxide serving as alkali and CTAB serving as a structure directing agent to prepare initial gel;
(2) aging the initial gel at room temperature;
(3) transferring the aged initial gel into a reaction kettle to perform a first hydrothermal reaction;
(4) taking the reaction kettle out of the oven, putting the reaction kettle into ice water, rapidly cooling to 0 ℃, opening the reaction kettle, adding the biochar and ferric trichloride into the reaction kettle, and putting the reaction kettle into the oven again for a second hydrothermal reaction;
(5) and after the second hydrothermal reaction is finished, taking the reaction kettle out of the oven, putting the reaction kettle into ice water, rapidly cooling to 0 ℃, opening the reaction kettle, filtering the solid product, washing the solid product with deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying to obtain the ferromagnetic modified zeolite-charcoal.
4. The method for improving acidic soil using microorganisms according to claim 2, wherein the amino-modified biochar is prepared by the following method: mixing and stirring the straw biochar and absolute ethyl alcohol uniformly, adding APTES, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment, adjusting the pH value to 3-4 by using concentrated hydrochloric acid, standing at room temperature for 1-2h, refluxing in a water bath at 50-100 ℃ for 2-5h, centrifugally separating a solid product, filtering the solid product, washing with deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and drying to obtain the amino modified biochar.
5. The method for improving acidic soil using microorganisms according to claim 2, wherein the acid-modified biochar is prepared by the following method: mixing the straw biochar with a hydrochloric acid or nitric acid solution, magnetically stirring for 24-36h, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying to obtain the acid modified biochar correspondingly.
6. The method for improving acidic soil using microorganisms according to claim 3, wherein SiO in the initial gel is in terms of moles2/Na2O/H2O/Al2O3CTAB = (25-40)/(10-15)/(500-1500)/1/(0.5-5); the straw bio-charcoal gel comprises, by mass, 10 parts of initial gel, 3-5 parts of straw bio-charcoal and 0.3-0.5 part of ferric chloride.
7. The method for improving acidic soil by using microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein in step S100, the orchard soil is 100 parts by mass, the amino-modified biochar is 2 to 6 parts by mass, the acid-modified biochar is 1 to 3 parts by mass, the AM fungal agent is 1 to 5 parts by mass, and the montmorillonite is 10 to 20 parts by mass.
8. The method for improving acidic soil by using microorganisms, according to claim 1, wherein in step S200, 3 to 5 vetch seeds are planted per 1kg of orchard soil.
9. The method for improving acidic soil by using microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein in step S300, 1 to 3 parts by mass of the EM bacterial agent, 5 to 10 parts by mass of the ferromagnetized modified zeolite biochar, 0.5 to 1 part by mass of sodium glutamate, 0.1 to 0.5 part by mass of acetic acid, 0.5 to 1 part by mass of ammonium chloride, 0.1 to 0.5 part by mass of sodium acetate, and 100 parts by mass of water.
10. The method for improving acidic soil using microorganisms according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the straw biochar is soybean straw biochar or corn straw biochar.
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