CN114568243A - Management method for whole-forest cultivation of larch in North China with target tree as framework - Google Patents
Management method for whole-forest cultivation of larch in North China with target tree as framework Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a management method for whole-forest cultivation of larch north China with a target tree as a framework, which comprises the following steps: (a) selecting a target tree from the larch forest in North China: (b) selecting and harvesting interfering trees in the larch forest of north China: (c) pruning a target tree: (d) forest management outside the target tree and the interference tree: (e) management of different growth stages; according to the management method, through screening and management of the target tree, an excellent growth environment can be provided for the target tree, better growth of the target tree is effectively promoted, the quality of the larch is improved, and the high-quality large-diameter larch is obtained; in addition, normal management of felling of interference trees and other trees can be used for continuously producing medium and small diameter larch, so that the purpose of sustainable development is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation management of larix huabeiensis, in particular to a management method for whole-forest cultivation of larix huabeiensis by taking a target tree as a framework.
Background
Larix principis-rupprechtiii Mayr (scientific name) is a pine tree of Larix of Pinaceae, with a height of 30 m and a diameter at breast height of 1 m; the branches are flat and have irregular fine teeth; the leaves are scattered spirally on the long branches, the short branches are clustered, the leaves are in a shape of a needle-shaped narrow strip, the leaves are flat and thin and in a shape of a quadrangular prism, and the tip of the bud scale at the base part of the cone is exposed; the seeds are in an inclined inverted oval shape, are gray, have triangular upper parts of the seed wings, have a flowering period of 4-5 months, and are ripe in 10 months.
The wood is light yellow or light brown, has tough material, compact structure, straight texture, contains resin and is durable. Can be used as industrial raw materials of buildings, bridges, electric poles, boats, appliances, furniture, wood fibers and the like. The trunk can be cut to obtain resin, and the bark can be extracted to obtain tannin extract. The larch in North China has the advantages of fast growth, excellent material, large application, strong resistance to adverse climate, soil conservation and wind prevention, and can be used for forest renewal and barren mountain afforestation in distribution areas, alpine regions in yellow river basin and alpine regions upstream of Liaohe river.
At present, the management method of the larix dahurica mainly comprises a traditional tending method and a simple target tree method, wherein the traditional tending method comprises the following steps: constructing a high-density pure forest, mainly protecting the forest in the last 20 years, and not tending; cutting every certain time within 20-40 years, and uniformly reserving; cutting the trees by all ages in 40 years, and re-afforesting; the operation is performed in a needle pure forest, the tree species are single, and the ecological benefit of the forest is low; the produced small-diameter wood is not more than 30cm, and the market value is low; the investment is carried out 20 years before afforestation, no economic output exists, meanwhile, the forest is not closed or short, the forest land is naked, the protection function is not or very low, and the economy and the ecology cannot be continued; when the trees are felled in 40 years, the trees still grow at a high speed, the productivity of the trees is zero after the trees are felled, and the waste is serious. The pure target tree method is: only considering the cultivation of the target tree, storing high-quality large-diameter wood, and not enough cultivating the whole forest, so that the intermediate yield is insufficient, and the economic sustainable guarantee is not enough; the management of other trees is relaxed, so that the sanitation of the environment in the trees is poor, and the occurrence probability of fire and plant diseases and insect pests is high; the space is limited, the high-quality second-generation forest is difficult to construct before the target tree is harvested, the effective replacement of the former-generation forest cannot be realized, and the ecological protection function is possibly interrupted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a management method for whole-forest cultivation of larch north China with a target tree as a framework, which can adjust the growth environment of the target tree, promote the target tree to grow better, give full play to the growth potential of forest trees, cultivate high-quality large-diameter wood and promote economic benefits; meanwhile, a second generation updating layer is constructed before the target tree is harvested, so that forests of the former generation and the later generation are effectively replaced, the forest land has no naked period, and the ecological function is continuously exerted; in the process of cultivating the target tree, other trees are nursed, the interfered trees are harvested, the small diameter wood is continuously produced, and the economy and the sustainability are guaranteed; because the upper target tree and the lower updating layer are stored simultaneously, the different-age multilayer forest is formed, and the ecological benefit is better played.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the invention provides a management method for whole-forest cultivation of larch in North China with a target tree as a framework, which comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting a target tree from the larch forest in North China:
determining the target breast diameter of the target tree according to the operation target; according to the formula N10000 × a-2×π-1×(d/200)-2Calculating the target tree number per hectare, and calculating the target tree number per hectare according to the formula D ═ D × 100-1Calculating to obtain the distance between adjacent target trees, wherein N is the number of the target trees in unit hectare, a is the ratio of the crown to the breast diameter when the target trees freely grow to the target breast diameter, D is the target breast diameter in unit of centimeter, and D is the distance between the adjacent target trees in unit of meter;
selecting larch with prominent individual, straight trunk shape, round crown, tree height not lower than the main forest crown layer, no double head at the top and no damage to trunk as a target tree according to the number of target trees per hectare and the distance between adjacent target trees and marking;
(b) selecting and harvesting interfering trees in the larch forest of north China:
selecting a tree which is positioned on the same forest layer of the target tree and is provided with a crown in lap joint with the crown of the target tree, and a tree which is positioned within an interfered radius as an interference tree, wherein the interfered radius is the breast diameter multiplied by a of the target tree in the next harvest, and a is the ratio of the crown to the breast diameter when the target tree freely grows to the target breast diameter; then cutting the interference tree;
(c) pruning a target tree:
pruning the target trees in autumn and winter when the growing period of the target trees stops, wherein the pruning height is 1/3-1/2; the pruning stubble is smooth and parallel to the tree body, no short peg is left, and no pothole is formed;
(d) forest management outside the target tree and the interference tree:
thinning according to the principle of normal thinning, good cutting times and large cutting size;
(e) management of different growth stages:
and (3) young tree stage: expanding holes to weed, increasing temperature and preserving water, and promoting the growth of seedlings; cutting and irrigating the herbs and the vines;
and (3) high growth stage: controlling the forest density, keeping the height-diameter ratio of the forest between 80 and 100, and naturally pruning the forest to be incapable of exceeding the tree height 1/3. Selecting a target tree at the end of the stage, pruning and felling the interference tree;
and (3) radial growth stage: regularly cutting the interference tree and pruning the target tree; other trees are nursed regularly, the growth of the whole forest is promoted, and medium and small diameter woods are produced continuously; the target tree is about 25 years before reaching the target breast diameter, the forest is mainly concerned about updating, and a second generation forest is actively built;
and (3) harvesting: and combining the establishment condition of the updating layer and the market quotation to harvest the target tree in time.
In the whole process, forest protection, forest fire prevention and extinguishment and pest control are well performed.
Preferably, said pruning focus comprises clearing the lower part of the trunk of over-thick shoots and dead and dry shoots.
Preferably, the larch forest is a pure forest of the larch, or a mixed forest of the larch, which is uniformly distributed and has a plant number ratio capable of meeting the condition of selecting a target tree.
Preferably, the felling disturbance tree comprises:
the interference degree of the interference tree is sorted, and the sorting rule is as follows: firstly, determining according to the lapping degree of the tree crown, wherein the larger the lapping degree is, the more serious the interference is; secondly, under the condition that the tree crowns are not overlapped, the closer the tree crowns to the target tree, the larger the interference degree is; under the condition that the lapping degree or the distance is the same, the ascending position is more than the same position and the descending position is more than the same position; finally, under the condition that the slope positions are the same, the male surface is larger than the female surface;
and (4) harvesting the interference trees in sequence according to the interference degree.
Preferably, the cutting period of the interference trees is generally 5-7 years.
Preferably, the sapling stage further comprises: the young trees are protected by adopting a fence sealing mode, and meanwhile, harmful organisms are prevented and treated.
Preferably, the target tree is marked by painting or painting at the chest height.
Preferably, the larix dahurica has a better forest land, the gradient is generally less than or equal to 20 degrees, and the thickness of a soil layer is more than or equal to 60 cm.
Preferably, the target breast diameter is more than or equal to 30cm, and the target breast diameter is determined by combining market and application comprehensive consideration values.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
according to the management method, through screening and cultivation and whole-forest management of the target trees, an excellent growth environment can be provided for the target trees, better growth of the target trees is effectively promoted, the growth potential of the trees is fully exerted, high-quality large-diameter wood is cultivated, and economic benefits are improved; meanwhile, a second generation updating layer is constructed before the target tree is harvested, so that forests of the former generation and the later generation are effectively replaced, the forest land has no naked period, and the ecological function is continuously exerted; in the process of cultivating the target tree, other trees are nursed, the interfering trees are felled, the small diameter wood is continuously produced, and the economy and the sustainability are guaranteed; because the upper target tree and the lower updating layer are stored simultaneously, the different-age multilayer forest is formed, and the ecological benefit is better played.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
Example 1
The embodiment is a management method for cultivating a whole forest of larch in north China with a target tree as a framework, which comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting a pure forest of the larch in North China with good standing place, gradient less than or equal to 20 degrees and soil layer thickness more than or equal to 60 cm; then selecting a target tree from the pure forest of the larch in North China:
determining the target breast diameter of the target tree to be 60cm according to the operation target; according to the formula N10000 × a-2×π-1×(d/200)-2Calculating the number of target trees per hectare to be 106, and then calculating the number of target trees per hectare according to a formula D ═ D × 100-1A, calculating to obtain the distance between adjacent target trees of 10.98 meters, wherein N is the number of target trees per hectare, a is the ratio of the crown to the breast diameter when the target trees freely grow to the target breast diameter, a is 18.3 when the target breast diameter is 60cm, D is the target breast diameter in centimeters, and D is the distance between adjacent target trees in meters;
selecting larch which is outstanding in individual, straight in trunk shape, full in crown, not lower than the main forest crown layer in tree height, free of double heads at the top and free of trunk damage as a target tree according to the number of target trees per hectare and the distance between adjacent target trees, and marking the target tree by paint;
(b) selecting and harvesting interfering trees in the larch forest of north China:
selecting a tree which is positioned on the same forest layer of a target tree and is overlapped with the crown of the target tree, a tree which is possibly overlapped before the next cutting period comes, and a tree positioned within an interfered radius as an interference tree, wherein the interfered radius is the breast diameter multiplied by a of the target tree at the next cutting, and a is the ratio of the crown to the breast diameter when the target tree freely grows to the target breast diameter;
the interference degree of the interference tree is sorted, and the sorting rule is as follows: firstly, determining according to the lapping degree of the tree crown, wherein the larger the lapping degree is, the more serious the interference is; secondly, under the condition that the tree crowns are not overlapped, the closer the tree crowns to the target tree is, the larger the interference degree is; under the condition that the lapping degree or the distance is the same, the ascending position is more than the same position, and the descending position is more than the same position; finally, under the condition that the slope positions are the same, the male surface is larger than the female surface;
cutting interference trees in sequence according to the interference degree; the cutting period of the interference trees is 6 years;
(c) pruning a target tree:
pruning the target trees in autumn and winter when the growing period of the target trees stops, wherein the pruning height is 1/3-1/2; the pruning stubble is smooth and parallel to the tree body, no short peg is left, and no pothole is formed; pruning comprises removing the thick branches and the dead branches at the lower part of the trunk; for thick lateral branches, the splitting is preferably prevented by cutting upwards from the lower part of the lateral branch to the trunk, basically cutting 1/3 left and right, and then cutting vertically from top to bottom (or cutting the lateral branch at a position far away from the trunk, and then trimming the remained short peg);
(d) forest management outside the target tree and the interference tree:
thinning according to the principle of normal thinning, good cutting times and large cutting size; the sustainable development of forest management is kept;
(e) management of different growth stages:
and (3) young tree stage: the time span is from forest establishment to a non-forest stage before forest canopy; the forest is characterized in that the forest is weak and small in individual, mutual competition is small, the forest environment is not formed yet, and the influence on the growth and development of the tree is mainly caused by shrubs and grass and non-target tree species or sprouts; the management aims are to promote the healthy growth of seedlings and close the seedlings into forests as soon as possible; the management measures include strengthening forest land management, properly and moderately expanding holes to weed, increasing temperature and preserving water, and promoting healthy growth of seedlings; secondly, the sapling nurturing is enhanced, and herbaceous, vine and other non-target tree species which influence the growth of the sapling are cut, irrigated and folded; thirdly, protecting the saplings by adopting fence sealing to prevent harm to people and livestock; fourthly, pest control is enhanced, and especially, the damage of mice and rabbits is prevented and treated;
and (3) high growth stage: the time span is from the closing of the forest to the high growth of the forest and becomes slow; the forest is characterized in that after undergoing a high growth acceleration period, trunk dry types are basically formed, the trunk dry types compete with each other fiercely, differentiation begins to appear, and dominant individuals in the forest are obvious; the stage aims to keep higher density, aggravate mutual competition among individuals, promote high growth acceleration and ensure that the trees form a straight dry type; the management measures are firstly to reasonably control the forest density. Not only needs to keep larger density to promote the trees to form good dry type, but also needs to carry out light-transmitting nurturing in time to prevent the trees from excessively pruning. The non-target tree species influencing the growth of the superior tree and the inferior wood with poor trunk type are mainly inhibited or eliminated during the light transmission; secondly, selecting a target tree in time at the final stage, pruning and carrying out key management on the target tree according to the management technology of the target tree; thirdly, cutting the interference tree around the target tree, and tending other trees; fourthly, pest control is enhanced, and especially, the black aphid fly in Hebei is mainly prevented; fifthly, forest fire prevention is enhanced, and due to the fact that forest stand density is high in the stage, pruning operation is hardly conducted, natural pruning occurs, and the fire risk level is high;
and (3) radial growth stage: the time span is from the high growth of the forest to the target breast diameter after slowing down; the forest is characterized in that the high growth is obviously slowed down, the diameter growth starts to accelerate, the transverse competition of the forest is obvious, particularly the crown extrusion, and the stage is an important period for cultivating a target tree; the stage aims to timely fell the interfered trees, foster other trees, free space, promote the healthy growth of the target trees and keep the trees; the management measures include that firstly, according to interference conditions, interference trees are cut down regularly, and target trees are pruned; secondly, other trees are nursed at the same time, and intermediate income is increased; thirdly, the target tree is about 25 years before reaching the target breast diameter, and the operations of cutting and irrigating and breaking soil are adopted in time according to the forest updating condition, so that the natural seedling is artificially promoted to be updated; fourthly, management of the updating layer is strengthened, a good growing environment is created for the updating layer in time, and partial target trees can be harvested in advance in order to increase light transmission in the forest if necessary;
and (3) harvesting: the time span is from the target tree reaching the target breast diameter to the target tree harvesting completion; the forest is characterized in that a forest multi-layer structure is formed, a main forest layer is a target tree, and a sub-forest layer is a successfully established updating layer; the stage aims to combine market demands to harvest a target tree, an updating layer replaces a main forest layer, ordered replacement is realized, and forest coverage is uninterrupted; the management measures include that firstly, target tree harvesting is implemented, and according to market conditions, the target tree can be harvested all at one time or gradually harvested in batches; secondly, attention is paid to protection of the forest layer, and particularly, individuals hopefully becoming next generation target trees are protected.
Example 2
The embodiment is a management method for cultivating a whole forest of larch in north China with a target tree as a framework, which comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting a mixed forest which has good standing, the gradient is less than or equal to 20 ℃, the thickness of a soil layer is more than or equal to 60cm, the larch in North China is uniformly distributed, and the plant number ratio of the tree species reaches 56%; then selecting a target tree from the dahurian larch mixed forest:
determining the target breast diameter of the target number to be 80cm according to the operation target; according to the formula N10000 × a-2×π-1×(d/200)-2Calculating the target tree number per hectare, and calculating the target tree number per hectare according to the formula D ═ D × 100-1Calculating to obtain the distance between adjacent target trees, wherein N is the number of the target trees in unit hectare, a is the ratio of the crown to the breast diameter when the target trees freely grow to the target breast diameter, D is the target breast diameter, the unit is centimeter, and D is the distance between the adjacent target trees;
selecting larch which has prominent individual, straight trunk shape, round crown, tree height not lower than the canopy of a main forest, no double heads at the top and no damage to trunk as a target tree according to the number of target trees per hectare and the distance between adjacent target trees, and marking by adopting paint;
(b) selecting and harvesting interfering trees in the larch forest of north China:
selecting a tree which is positioned on the same forest layer of a target tree and is overlapped with the crown of the target tree, a tree which is possibly overlapped before the next cutting period comes, and a tree positioned within an interfered radius as an interference tree, wherein the interfered radius is the breast diameter multiplied by a of the target tree at the next cutting, and a is the ratio of the crown to the breast diameter when the target tree freely grows to the target breast diameter;
the interference degree of the interference tree is sorted, and the sorting rule is as follows: firstly, determining according to the lapping degree of the tree crown, wherein the larger the lapping degree is, the more serious the interference is; secondly, under the condition that the tree crowns are not overlapped, the closer the tree crowns to the target tree is, the larger the interference degree is; under the condition that the lapping degree or the distance is the same, the ascending position is more than the same position and the descending position is more than the same position; finally, under the condition that the slope positions are the same, the male surface is larger than the female surface;
sequentially felling the interference trees according to the interference degree; the cutting period of the interference trees is 5 years;
(c) pruning a target tree:
pruning the target trees in autumn and winter when the growing period of the target trees stops, wherein the pruning height is 1/3-1/2; the pruning stubble is smooth and parallel to the tree body, no short peg is left, and no pothole is formed; pruning comprises removing the thick branches and the dead branches at the lower part of the trunk; for thick lateral branches, the splitting is preferably prevented by cutting upwards from the lower part of the lateral branch to the trunk, basically cutting 1/3 left and right, and then cutting vertically from top to bottom (or cutting the lateral branch at a position far away from the trunk, and then trimming the remained short peg);
(d) forest management outside the target tree and the interference tree:
thinning according to the principle of normal thinning, good cutting times and large cutting size; the sustainable development of forest management is kept; the method has the advantages that the method pays attention to the retention of other trees except the larch in North China, promotes the mixed state to be kept, and simultaneously provides other provenances for the updating of the second generation forest;
(e) management of different growth stages:
and (3) young tree stage: the time span is from forest establishment to a non-forest stage before forest canopy; the forest is characterized in that the forest is weak and small in individual, mutual competition is small, the forest environment is not formed yet, and the influence on the growth and development of the tree is mainly caused by shrubs, non-target tree species and sprouts; the management aims are to promote the healthy growth of seedlings and close the seedlings into forests as soon as possible; the management measures include strengthening forest land management, properly and moderately expanding holes to weed, increasing temperature and preserving water, and promoting the healthy growth of seedlings; secondly, the sapling nurturing is enhanced, and herbaceous, vine and other non-target tree species which influence the growth of the sapling are cut, irrigated and folded; thirdly, protecting the saplings by adopting fence sealing to prevent harm to people and livestock; fourthly, pest control is enhanced, and especially, the damage of mice and rabbits is prevented and treated;
and (3) high growth stage: the time span is from the closing of the forest to the high growth of the forest and becomes slow; the forest is characterized in that after undergoing a high growth acceleration period, trunk dry types are basically formed, the trunk dry types compete with each other fiercely, differentiation begins to appear, and dominant individuals in the forest are obvious; the stage aims to keep higher density, aggravate mutual competition among individuals, promote high growth acceleration and ensure that the trees form a straight dry type; the management measures are firstly to reasonably control the forest density. Not only needs to keep larger density to promote the trees to form good dry type, but also needs to carry out light-transmitting nurturing in time to prevent the trees from excessively pruning. The non-target tree species influencing the growth of the superior tree and the inferior wood with poor trunk type are mainly inhibited or eliminated during the light transmission; secondly, selecting a target tree in time at the final stage, pruning and carrying out key management on the target tree according to the management technology of the target tree; thirdly, cutting the interference tree around the target tree, and tending other trees; fourthly, pest control is enhanced, and especially, the black aphid fly in Hebei is mainly prevented; fifthly, forest fire prevention is enhanced, and due to the fact that forest stand density is high in the stage, pruning operation is hardly conducted, natural pruning occurs, and the fire risk level is high;
and (3) radial growth stage: the time span is from the high growth of the forest to the target breast diameter after slowing down; the forest is characterized in that the high growth is obviously slowed down, the radial growth starts to be accelerated, the transverse competition of the forest is obvious, particularly the crown extrusion, and the stage is an important period for cultivating a target tree; the stage target is to timely fell the interference tree, foster other trees, free space, promote the target tree and keep the healthy growth of the tree; the management measures include that firstly, according to interference conditions, interference trees are cut down regularly, and target trees are pruned; secondly, other trees are nursed at the same time, and intermediate income is increased; thirdly, in the last 25 years when the target tree reaches the target breast diameter, according to the forest updating condition, timely adopting cutting irrigation and soil breaking operation to artificially promote the natural seedling to be updated; fourthly, management of the updating layer is strengthened, a good growing environment is created for the updating layer in time, and partial target trees can be harvested in advance in order to increase light transmission in the forest if necessary;
and (3) harvesting: the time span is from the target tree reaching the target breast diameter to the target tree harvesting completion; the forest is characterized in that a forest multilayer structure is formed, a main forest layer is a target tree, and a sub forest layer is a successfully established updating layer; the stage aims to combine market demands to harvest a target tree, an updating layer replaces a main forest layer, ordered replacement is realized, and forest coverage is uninterrupted; the management measures include that firstly, target tree harvesting is implemented, and according to market conditions, the target tree can be harvested all at one time or gradually harvested in batches; secondly, attention is paid to protection of the forest layer, and particularly, individuals hopefully becoming next generation target trees are protected.
According to the management method, through screening and cultivation and whole-forest management of the target trees, an excellent growth environment can be provided for the target trees, better growth of the target trees is effectively promoted, the growth potential of the trees is fully exerted, high-quality large-diameter wood is cultivated, and economic benefits are improved; meanwhile, a second generation updating layer is constructed before the target tree is harvested, so that forests of the former generation and the later generation are effectively replaced, the forest land has no naked period, and the ecological function is continuously exerted; in the process of cultivating the target tree, other trees are nursed, the interfering trees are felled, the small diameter wood is continuously produced, and the economy and the sustainability are guaranteed; because the upper target tree and the lower updating layer are stored simultaneously, the different-age multilayer forest is formed, and the ecological benefit is better played.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (9)
1. A management method for whole-forest cultivation of larch in North China with a target tree as a framework is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) selecting a target tree from the larch forest in North China:
determining the target breast diameter of the target tree according to the operation target; according to the formula N10000 × a-2×π-1×(d/200)-2Calculating the target tree number per hectare, and calculating the target tree number per hectare according to the formula D ═ D × 100-1A, calculating the distance between adjacent target trees, wherein N is the number of target trees per hectare; a is the ratio of the crown to the breast diameter when the target tree grows freely to the target breast diameter; d is the target breast diameter in centimeters; d is the distance between adjacent target trees, and the unit is meter;
selecting larch with prominent individual, straight trunk shape, round crown, tree height not lower than the main forest crown layer, no double head at the top and no damage to trunk as a target tree according to the number of target trees per hectare and the distance between adjacent target trees and marking;
(b) selecting and harvesting interfering trees in the larch forest of north China:
selecting a tree which is positioned on the same forest layer of the target tree and is provided with a crown in lap joint with the crown of the target tree, and a tree which is positioned within an interfered radius as an interference tree, wherein the interfered radius is the breast diameter multiplied by a of the target tree in the next harvest, and a is the ratio of the crown to the breast diameter when the target tree freely grows to the target breast diameter; then cutting the interference tree;
(c) pruning a target tree:
pruning the target trees in autumn and winter when the growing period of the target trees stops, wherein the pruning height is 1/3-1/2; the pruning stubble is smooth and parallel to the tree body, no short peg is left, and no pothole is formed;
(d) forest management outside the target tree and the interference tree:
thinning according to the principle of normal thinning, good cutting times and large cutting size;
(e) management of different growth stages:
and (3) young tree stage: expanding holes, weeding, increasing temperature, preserving water and promoting the growth of seedlings; cutting and irrigating the herbs and the vines;
and (3) high growth stage: controlling forest density, keeping the height-diameter ratio of the forest between 80 and 100, and naturally pruning to a height 1/3 which cannot exceed the tree height; selecting a target tree at the end of the stage, pruning and felling the interference tree;
and (3) radial growth stage: regularly cutting the interference tree and pruning the target tree; other trees are nursed regularly, the growth of the whole forest is promoted, and medium and small diameter woods are produced continuously; the target tree is about 25 years before reaching the target breast diameter, the forest is mainly concerned about updating, and a second generation forest is actively built;
and (3) harvesting: combining the establishment condition of the updating layer and the market quotation to harvest the target tree in time;
in the whole process, forest protection, forest fire prevention and extinguishment and pest control are well performed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said pruning comprises clearing the lower trunk of the tree of overly thick branches and dead branches.
3. The management method according to claim 1, wherein the larch forest is a pure forest of larch of north China or a mixed forest of larch of north China which is uniformly distributed and has a number of plants that meets the condition of selecting a target tree.
4. The management method according to claim 1, characterized in that said felling disturbance tree comprises:
the interference degree of the interference tree is sorted, and the sorting rule is as follows: firstly, determining according to the lapping degree of the tree crown, wherein the larger the lapping degree is, the more serious the interference is; secondly, under the condition that the tree crowns are not overlapped, the closer the tree crowns to the target tree is, the larger the interference degree is; under the condition that the lapping degree or the distance is the same, the ascending position is more than the same position and the descending position is more than the same position; finally, under the condition that the slope positions are the same, the male surface is larger than the female surface;
and (4) cutting the interference trees in sequence according to the interference degree.
5. The management method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the period of interference tree harvesting is 5-7 years.
6. The management method according to claim 1, wherein the sapling stage further comprises: the young trees are protected by adopting a fence-sealing mode, and meanwhile, the damage of mice and rabbits is prevented.
7. The method for managing a tree according to claim 1, wherein the target tree is marked by painting or painting at chest height.
8. The management method according to claim 1, wherein the larch is better planted in the field, the gradient is less than or equal to 20 degrees, and the soil layer thickness is greater than or equal to 60 cm.
9. The management method according to claim 1, wherein the target breast diameter is greater than or equal to 30cm, and is determined by combining market and application comprehensive consideration values.
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