CN109729857A - A kind of construction method of Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard - Google Patents
A kind of construction method of Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN109729857A CN109729857A CN201811631934.XA CN201811631934A CN109729857A CN 109729857 A CN109729857 A CN 109729857A CN 201811631934 A CN201811631934 A CN 201811631934A CN 109729857 A CN109729857 A CN 109729857A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of construction methods of Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard: (1) bare-root seeding for selecting sweetgum select tree cultivating seeds to go out is as building garden maternal plant, plant spacing 40cm*40cm；(2) full logical straight, robust growth, no disease and pests harm the current-year branch of the upper apical bud development of scion acquisition Pterospermi Heterophylli tree, fringe bar 15~30cm of length divide single plant to acquire, and the scion of acquisition is sealed with wax notch, cryo-conservation；(3) stock carries out stump, grafting from 3~5cm at rootstock；Grafting time selects early Febuary to carry out；(4) graft initial stage, erase in time on maternal plant by kryptoblast develop Lai sweetgum tender shoots, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 150g, timely weeding loosens the soil；(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.The Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard that the present invention is built can be stablized, produce Pterospermi Heterophylli breeding nursery stock in large quantities, solve the problems, such as to produce above nursery stock shortage, do not stablize good fringe bar source and quantity is few, the stable heredity of maternal plant merit cannot be completely secured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant reproduction more particularly to a kind of construction methods of efficient Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard.
Background technique
Pterospermi Heterophylli (Semiliquidambar cathayensis Chang) is Hamamelidaceae Pterospermi Heterophylli category aiphyllium,
It is the distinctive second level Top-rated protected wild plants in China, root can be used as medicine, and have dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, activating blood circulation and reducing swelling and other effects, civil
It is usually used in illnesss (Chen Jiabiao, the Pterospermi Heterophylli cuttage raise seedling techniques such as rheumatic bone-setting, the swelling and pain of stasis of blood product, postpartum paralysis and half sided paralysis
[J], subtropical plant science, 2015,44 (3): 345~348.).Pterospermi Heterophylli be distributed mainly on Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Hunan, Jiangxi etc. save, be often born in height above sea level 1000m or less woods or small stream by sparse woods, due to NATURAL DISTRIBUTION region limitation, by
It is included in Chinese endangered plants Red Data Book " Chinese rare or endangered species " (Xu Run, Liu Shaoxuan, Cai Weidong etc., Pterospermi Heterophylli chemical component
And pharmacology activity research progress [J], green science and technology, 2017,1:3-4,8.).Requirement due to Pterospermi Heterophylli to ecological environment is compared
Harshness, natural propagation rate is lower, in addition the excessive excavation that people are long-term, wild resource are extremely exhausted.In face of tight in this way
High situation, the research to the artificial propagation problem of Pterospermi Heterophylli is particularly important.
Pterospermi Heterophylli sexual propagation is difficult, and easily breaks up, and vegetative propagation becomes the main Propagation Methods of Pterospermi Heterophylli,
Wherein cuttage and tissue cultures not yet full maturity at present, does not there is ability for mass production.Vegetative propagation is still relied primarily on and is transferred
It connects.The fringe bar of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting is mainly picked up from the Wild plant of NATURAL DISTRIBUTION, and the big tree resource of wild Pterospermi Heterophylli is few, and sets
Body is tall and big, and acquisition branch difficulty is big, and quantity also can not meet biological control；And fringe bar quality not can guarantee, genetic resources
It is very different, cause seedling quality not high.Cutting orchard is the necessary guarantee of graft seedling growth, is the weight in plant graft propagating system
Constituent is wanted, not the fringe bar source of cutting orchard, then grafting cannot achieve large-scale production breeding seedling.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of to mention in background above technology and defect, provide one
Kind produces the Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard that fringe bar quantity is more, fringe bar is quality and builds method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution proposed by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of construction method of Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard, comprising the following steps:
(1) maternal plant prepares: select the bare-root seeding of sweetgum select tree cultivating seeds out as building garden maternal plant, plant spacing
40cm*40cm；
(2) selection and storage of scion: scion acquire the upper apical bud development of Pterospermi Heterophylli tree it is full it is logical directly, it is robust growth, disease-free
The current-year branch of insect pest, the long 15~30cm of fringe bar, divides single plant to acquire, and the scion of acquisition is sealed with wax notch, (4 DEG C) placement guarantors of low temperature
It deposits；
(3) graft: stock carries out stump, grafting from 3~5cm at rootstock；Grafting time selects early Febuary to carry out；
(4) maternal plant tree body management: grafting initial stage, erase in time on maternal plant by kryptoblast develop Lai sweetgum tender shoots, every plant
Compound fertilizer 150g is applied, timely weeding is loosened the soil；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: Pterospermi Heterophylli seedling stage uses 75% Bravo wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and 50% carbendazim respectively
500 times of liquid of wettable powder spray, primary every 10 days；Using 5% acephatemet missible oil, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 90% crystal enemy
Any insecticide in hundred worms admixes the cereal (such as millet, wheat, soya-bean cake, rice bran, corn particle) to stir-fry, and ground is spread fertilizer over the fields, application
Amount is 22.5~27.5kg/hm2, prevent the subterranean pest-insects such as grub, cockchafer subclass, mole cricket class, cutworm, wireworm.
Above-mentioned construction method, it is preferred that further include the selection and processing to garden ground: selection is topography is flat, open, soil layer
Deep, fertile, good, loose, the convenient region of irrigation and drainage of draining as garden, is cultivated to garden entirely, shines soil, play furrow after hack,
The wide 1m of furrow, length is unlimited, furrow width 0.3m, smooth furrow face；Weeds, stone, sundries are finally removed, hack is flattened, it is spare.
Above-mentioned construction method, it is preferred that it is described connect the rooting rate age of tree 15-25a, trunk it is full it is logical it is straight, without disease pest
Branch on harmful Pterospermi Heterophylli tree；The acquisition time of the scion item is early January mid-December to next year.
Above-mentioned construction method, it is preferred that described to build in the bare-root seeding that garden maternal plant selection sweetgum select tree cultivating seeds go out
Annual I grade of seedling.
Above-mentioned construction method, it is preferred that the grafting selection cloudy day or fine day morning, evening Shi Jinhang.
Above-mentioned construction method, it is preferred that after maternal plant is grafted 1 year, in the stump at graft union 30cm, promote kryptoblast
It sprouts, and every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 150g, timely weeding and loosens the soil.
Above-mentioned construction method, it is preferred that be used at the beginning of maternal plant is grafted later annual 6 months the 2nd year with end of the year acquisition fringe bar
At the beginning of cuttage or maternal plant are grafted later annual 6 months the 2nd year and time beginning of the year acquisition fringe bar is for cuttage, has acquired fringe bar every time
Afterwards, timely weeding, loosen the soil and apply fertilizer, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium, 18-22-11, total nutrient >=51%) 100g.
The present inventor passes through nearly test in 3 years, from Root-stock selection, maternal plant grafting, the selection of cutting strunk height, fertilising kind
Class and horizontal and tending management etc. have carried out a large amount of test, finally determined preferably cutting strunk height, Fertilization Level and
The Building Techniques of Cuttings Orchard system of the systems such as administrative skill, so that the Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard of construction of the invention has breeding efficiency
High, high-quality and at low cost feature.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
(1) the Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard that the present invention is built can be stablized, produce Pterospermi Heterophylli breeding nursery stock in large quantities, solve life
Nursery stock is short in production, do not stablize good fringe bar source and quantity is few, stablizing for maternal plant merit cannot be completely secured loses
The problem of biography.
(2) method of the invention provides the source of high-quality fringe bar for vegetative propagation, so that the biological control of Pterospermi Heterophylli
It becomes a reality.
To sum up, the present invention provides a kind of construction method of the efficient cutting orchard of Pterospermi Heterophylli, solve previous cutting yield it is low,
The problem of of poor quality, inhereditary feature easily morphs and destroys wild resource, while also reducing and adopting fringe cost.Side of the invention
Method is understandable, strong operability, yield are high, has biggish technological achievement Transformation Potential, has a extensive future.
Specific embodiment
To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, hereafter preferred embodiment does invention herein and more comprehensively, meticulously describes, but
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following specific embodiments.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter are generally understood meaning phase with those skilled in the art
Together.Technical term used herein is intended merely to the purpose of description specific embodiment, and it is of the invention to be not intended to limitation
Protection scope.
Unless otherwise specified, various raw material, reagent, the instrument and equipment etc. used in the present invention can pass through city
Field is commercially available or can be prepared by existing method.
Embodiment 1: different cutting strunk height branches sprout the influence to cutting orchard
The construction method of Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard of the invention, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection select tree acquires the grafting twig that its branch carries out Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard maternal plant, and the Pterospermi Heterophylli age of tree is in 15-
25a, trunk is full logical straight, no disease and pests harm；Scion acquires the full logical straight, robust growth of the upper apical bud development of Pterospermi Heterophylli tree, without disease pest
Harmful current-year branch, the long 30cm of fringe bar, divides single plant to acquire, and the scion of acquisition is sealed with wax notch, places 4 DEG C of preservations.
(2) in Hunan Province, Liuyang City, the Hunan Province proving ground Long Fu, selection topography is flat, open, soil layer is deep, it is fertile,
Draining is good, and loose, the convenient region of irrigation and drainage as garden, is cultivated to garden entirely, shines soil, and furrow, the wide 1m of furrow, length are played after hack
Unlimited, furrow width 0.3m, smooth furrow face finally removes weeds, stone, sundries, flattens hack, spare；
At the beginning of 2 months (3) 2015 years, in Hunan Province, Liuyang City, the Hunan Province proving ground Long Fu, gone out with sweetgum select tree cultivating seeds
I grade of seedling of bare-root seeding carry out stump, grafting Pterospermi Heterophylli from 3~5cm at rootstock as garden maternal plant, line-spacing 40cm*40cm, stock is built
Select tree branch (grafting selection cloudy day), every plant of fertilising compound fertilizer 100g, timely weeding is loosened the soil.
Carry out within 2 months (4) 2016 years different cutting strunk height branch germination tests: setting 4 different cutting strunk height: 10cm (is cut
Mouthful apart from maternal plant graft union distance, similarly hereinafter), 20cm, 30cm and 40cm.For the sprouting for promoting kryptoblast, and every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer
100g, timely weeding and loosens the soil.The Pterospermi Heterophylli nurturing period uses 75% Bravo wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and 50% carbendazim respectively
500 times of liquid of wettable powder spray, primary every 10 days, prevent the diseases such as brown spot, root rot.Using 5% acephatemet missible oil,
Or the insecticides such as 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 90% trichlorphon, the millet to stir-fry, wheat, soya-bean cake, rice bran, corn particle are admixed,
Ground is spread fertilizer over the fields, 22.5~27.5kg/hm of amount of application2, prevent the undergrounds such as grub, cockchafer subclass, mole cricket class, cutworm, wireworm
Pest.
Acquire fringe bar at the beginning of 6 months (5) 2016 years, fringe bar can be used for cuttage, and counting qualified fringe bar quantity, (0.2~0.5cm is thick
Semi-lignified fringe bar, length 15cm or more.).After having acquired fringe bar, timely weeding loosens the soil and applies fertilizer, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer
100g.Acquire again in December, 2016 fringe bar for graft or cuttage, after having acquired fringe bar, timely weeding loosens the soil and applies fertilizer,
Every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 100g.
Table 1: different cutting strunk height fringe bars acquire situation table
As can be known from Table 1, when cutting strunk height is 30cm, cutting orchard is peaceful from effective branch quantity, average branch length
Be maximum value for equal branch thick, and acquisition fringe bar is same trend twice, thus cutting strunk height be 30cm be this 4
Most suitable cutting strunk height, can be applicable in production in a cutting strunk height.
Embodiment 2: the influence that Different Fertilization level sprouts branch
The construction method of Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard of the invention, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) selection select tree acquires the grafting that its branch carries out Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard maternal plant, and the Pterospermi Heterophylli age of tree is in 15-25a, tree
Do full logical straight, no disease and pests harm；The upper apical bud development of scion acquisition Pterospermi Heterophylli tree is full to lead to straight, robust growth, no disease and pests harm work as
Year raw branch, the long 30cm of fringe bar divide single plant to acquire, and the scion of acquisition is sealed with wax notch, place 4 DEG C of preservations.
(2) in Hunan Province Yanling County Ji Yun Forestry Specialty Co-operative Organization base, selection is topography is flat, open, soil layer is deep, fertile
It is fertile, draining is good, loose, the convenient region of irrigation and drainage as garden, is cultivated to garden entirely, shines soil, play furrow after hack, the wide 1m of furrow,
Length is unlimited, furrow width 0.3m, smooth furrow face, finally removes weeds, stone, sundries, flattens hack, spare.
At the beginning of 3 months (3) 2016 years, the I grade of seedling of bare-root seeding for using sweetgum select tree cultivating seeds to go out is as garden maternal plant is built, and stock is from root
3~5cm carries out stump, grafting Pterospermi Heterophylli select tree branch (grafting selection cloudy day), every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium, 18- at neck
22-11, total nutrient >=51%, similarly hereinafter) 150g, timely weeding are loosened the soil.
2 months (4) 2017 years unified cutting strunk height 30cm, carry out the horizontal branch germination test of Different Fertilization.4 differences are set
Fertilization Level: 1. 50g compound fertilizer/strain, 2., 50g compound fertilizer+50g urea/strain, 3. 100g compound fertilizer+50g urea/strain, 4.
150g compound fertilizer/strain.It timely weeding and loosens the soil.The Pterospermi Heterophylli nurturing period use respectively 75% Bravo wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and
50% 500 times of carbendazol wettable powder liquid sprays, primary every 10 days, prevents the diseases such as brown spot, root rot.Using 5%
The insecticides such as acephatemet missible oil or 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 90% trichlorphon, admix the millet to stir-fry, wheat, soya-bean cake, rice
Chaff, corn particle, ground are spread fertilizer over the fields, 22.5~27.5kg/hm of amount of application2, prevent grub, cockchafer subclass, mole cricket class, cutworm,
The subterranean pest-insects such as wireworm.
Acquire fringe bar at the beginning of 6 months (5) 2017 years, fringe bar can be used for cuttage, and counting qualified fringe bar quantity, (0.2~0.5cm is thick
Semi-lignified fringe bar, length 15cm or more.).After having acquired fringe bar, timely weeding and loosen the soil.When end of the year statistics gatherer fringe again
Item.
Table 2: fringe bar acquires situation table under Different Fertilization level
As can be known from Table 2, when Fertilization Level 150g compound fertilizer is, cutting orchard is long from effective branch quantity, average branch
It is maximum value for degree and average branch thick, and acquisition fringe bar is same trend twice, therefore Fertilization Level 150g
Compound fertilizer is most suitable Fertilization Level in this 4 Fertilization Levels, can be applicable in production.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of construction method of Pterospermi Heterophylli cutting orchard, which comprises the following steps:
(1) maternal plant prepares: select the bare-root seeding of sweetgum select tree cultivating seeds out as building garden maternal plant, plant spacing 40cm*
40cm；
(2) selection and storage of scion: scion acquires the upper apical bud development of Pterospermi Heterophylli tree full logical straight, robust growth, no disease and pests harm
Current-year branch, the long 15~30cm of fringe bar divides single plant to acquire, and the scion of acquisition is sealed with wax notch, cryo-conservation；
(3) graft: stock carries out stump, grafting from 3~5cm at rootstock；Grafting time selects early Febuary to carry out；
(4) maternal plant tree body management: grafting initial stage, erase in time on maternal plant by kryptoblast develop come sweetgum tender shoots, every plant apply answer
Hefei 150g, timely weeding are loosened the soil；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: Pterospermi Heterophylli seedling stage uses 75% Bravo wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and 50% carbendazim wettable respectively
Property 500 times of liquid of pulvis spray, it is primary every 10 days；Using 5% acephatemet missible oil, 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 90% trichlorphon
In any insecticide, admix the cereal to stir-fry, ground is spread fertilizer over the fields, amount of application be 22.5~27.5kg/hm2。
2. construction method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the selection and processing to garden ground: selection is on ground
Gesture is flat, open, soil layer is deep, fertile, good, loose, the convenient region of irrigation and drainage of draining as garden, cultivated, shone entirely to garden
Soil plays furrow after hack, and the wide 1m of furrow, length is unlimited, furrow width 0.3m, smooth furrow face；Weeds, stone, sundries are finally removed, are flattened broken
Soil, it is spare.
3. construction method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the rooting rate age of tree that connects is satisfied in 15-25a, trunk
Man Tongzhi, no disease and pests harm Pterospermi Heterophylli tree on branch；The acquisition time of the scion item is on January mid-December to next year
Ten days.
4. construction method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the garden maternal plant selection sweetgum select tree cultivating seeds of building go out
Bare-root seeding in annual I grade of seedling.
5. construction method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that grafting selection cloudy day or fine day early, evening Shi Jinhang.
6. construction method as claimed in claims 1-5, which is characterized in that after maternal plant is grafted 1 year, at graft union 30cm
Stump, promotes the sprouting of kryptoblast, and every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 150g, timely weeding and loosens the soil.
7. construction method as claimed in claims 1-5, which is characterized in that at the beginning of maternal plant grafts later annual 6 months the 2nd year and year
At the beginning of bottom acquisition fringe bar is grafted later annual 6 months the 2nd year for cuttage or maternal plant and time beginning of the year acquisition fringe bar is for cuttage,
After having acquired fringe bar every time, timely weeding loosens the soil and applies fertilizer, every Zhu Shi compound fertilizer 100g.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110366968A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 沙县红豆苗业专业合作社 | A kind of cuttage efficient propagation method of red autumnal leaves kind Pterospermi Heterophylli |
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| CN110366968A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 沙县红豆苗业专业合作社 | A kind of cuttage efficient propagation method of red autumnal leaves kind Pterospermi Heterophylli |
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Application publication date: 20190510 |