CN104012367B - A kind of method of forestation of Birch clonal tissue culture seedling - Google Patents

A kind of method of forestation of Birch clonal tissue culture seedling Download PDF

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CN104012367B
CN104012367B CN201410282928.3A CN201410282928A CN104012367B CN 104012367 B CN104012367 B CN 104012367B CN 201410282928 A CN201410282928 A CN 201410282928A CN 104012367 B CN104012367 B CN 104012367B
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birch
seedling
choiceness
clone
strain
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CN104012367A (en
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聂艳丽
施彬
王丽
唐红燕
史富强
董晓光
童清
杨正华
杨建荣
李秀君
铁学江
杨卫
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YUNNAN FORESTRY TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION GENERAL STATION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of forestation of Birch clonal tissue culture seedling, relate to field of forest cultivation technology.The method comprises habitat location, site preparation, the seed selection of whole, basal dressing, Birch choiceness, clone configuration and afforestation, forest land are fostered, pest control, and wherein the seed selection of Birch choiceness comprises the selection of getting bud, tissue culture propagation, construction Birch clone test woods and Birch choiceness of Birch clonal tissue culture seedling explant.The inventive method makes the more traditional seed collecting seedling raising manners of young growth Seedling height afforest for 2 ~ 3 years and improves 59.5 ~ 66.4%, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground improves 52.3 ~ 66.5%, and survival rate improves 10.8 ~ 16.7%, and insect pest incidence decreases 37 ~ 41%.

Description

A kind of method of forestation of Birch clonal tissue culture seedling
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of forest cultivation technology, the clone being specifically related to adopt Birch plantlet in vitro to cultivate carries out the method for afforesting.
Background technology
Birch (Betulaalnoides) Betulaceae, Betula, belong to fast-growing deciduous species, China is mainly distributed in hot-zone, Yunnan Province, western part of Guangxi province, the west and south, the northwestward and southern areas, Guizhou Province and Vietnam, Laos and Burma, Birch due to its timber not easily warp and fracture, not yielding, decorative pattern and color and luster is attractive in appearance has extensive use at traditional top-grade furniture, timber floor, house decorative material, building, military project, musical instrument, plywood etc.Yunnan Province's hot zone areas accounts for 1/4th of the whole province's area, and Birch becomes the fast-growing deciduous species of hot-zone, Yunnan Province preciousness, is also Major Tree Species Planted.
Developing Clonal Forestry be trained by the group of defect individual, a kind of advanced method that grafting, the pierre technology such as cuttage cultivate the afforestation of excellent Clonal seedling use, it have object product yield high, manage the advantage that intensity is high, operating cycle is short, product quality is neat and good in economic efficiency.Recent two decades comes, and Developing Clonal Forestry becomes the most popular brainstorm subject of the common forestry of most of developed country and many developing countries in the world.
Existing Birch afforestation remains afforests with traditional seed collecting seedling raising manners, namely takes seed seedling-raising to transplant afforestation, and it exists, and high quality tree species cultivation required time is long, and breeding uses insufficient, and tree growth is relatively slow, and breaks up serious defect and deficiency.At present, the technology such as Birch clonal tissue culture seedling and propagating, seed selection, transplant are day by day ripe, but Birch clonal tissue culture seedling afforestation technology is delayed, from Birch clonal tissue culture seedling to afforestation of going up a hill, a set of suitable, meticulous comprehensive management technology measure is not also had to whole afforestation process, clonal configuration is also more single, thus have impact on the development of clone woods and the seed output and quality of forest.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention breaks the existing traditional seed collecting breeding and afforestation mode of Birch, overcome Birch tree growth relatively slow, break up serious problem, the invention provides a kind of method of forestation being suitable for economizing in Chinese yunnan with Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the method for forestation of a kind of Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro provided by the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) habitat location
The west and south selecting Chinese yunnan to economize, south, western part and northwestern, altitude ranges is 800 ~ 1600m, average temperature of the whole year 11 ~ 21 DEG C, the coldest moon samming 9 ~ 15 DEG C, most Gao Qi Wen≤40.3 DEG C of Ji end, Annual lowest climate temperature-5 DEG C, average annual more than rainfall 1000mm, annual air relative temperature more than 70%, soil organic matter content is greater than 3%, total nitrogen content of soil is greater than 0.04%, and soil available phosphorus content is greater than 15mg/kg, and the red soil of soil pH value 5.0 ~ 6.5 or red earth half Schattenseite ground are planting site;
(2) site preparation
The gradient be less than 35 ° planting site adopt make an overall screening mode, the gradient is that the planting site of more than 35 ° adopts banded manner of cleaning up, and bandwidth is 1.5 ~ 2m;
(3) land preparation mode
Gradient planting site below 25 ° adopts band to cultivate wholely, digs along contour the horizontal stripes that 1m is wide, 20 ~ 25cm is dark; The gradient be greater than 25 ° planting site adopt cave-shaped wholely;
(4) basal dressing
Adopt in the planting site of step (3) and to spread manuer in holes base manure, the length and width in cave, to be deeply respectively: 40 ~ 50cm × 40 ~ 50cm × 30 ~ 40cm; Base manure made by often spread manuer in holes before afforestation 500g Birch special fertilizer or often spread manuer in holes 300g composite fertilizer or 150g urea of often spreading manuer in holes, and the content of organic matter>=40% in described Birch special fertilizer, N content are 5% ~ 10%, P 2o 5content is 2% ~ 6%, K 2o content is 1% ~ 10%; In described composite fertilizer N content be 10%, P 2o 5content is 20%, K 2o content is 10%; In described urea, N content is 46.0%, and described percentage is mass fraction;
(5) seed selection of Birch choiceness
That 1. carries out Birch clonal tissue culture seedling explant by following A or B mode gets bud
A. select superior tree method choice routinely goes out more than Birch select tree 10 strain, axillalry bud is got respectively as Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant on each strain select tree, then cultivate by existing Birch tissue culture propagation method and breed plantlet in vitro, after hardening, transplanting breeding is that nursery stock is for building Birch clone test woods when height of seedling reaches 15 ~ 25cm;
B. select superior tree method choice routinely goes out more than Birch select tree 10 strain, seed on select tree selected by collection, the seed of collection is carried out seeding and seedling raising, before treating that seedling goes out garden, carry out super seedling selection, described super seedling system of selection is: from select tree half sibs first filial generation, select super seedling, with the Birch height of seedling of select tree half sibs first filial generation, leading thread two parameters are index, carry out mean value and the standard error analysis of two parameters respectively, obtain average height of seedling, the standard deviation of height of seedling and average leading thread, the standard deviation of leading thread, height of seedling is selected to be greater than the standard deviation of average height of seedling+5 × height of seedling, and the seedling that the leading thread of seedling is greater than the standard deviation of average leading thread+5 × leading thread is super seedling, super seedling is transplanted in flowerpot and grows, to draw materials material as Birch explant, get super seedling axillalry bud as Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant, then cultivate by existing Birch tissue culture propagation method and breed plantlet in vitro, carry out hardening, transplanting breeding, be that nursery stock is for building Birch clone test woods when height of seedling reaches 15 ~ 25cm,
2. the selection of Birch clone test woods and Birch choiceness is built
A. Birch clone test woods is built, step (5) nursery stock that 1. middle A or B cultivates is tested woods as the clone seedling construction Birch clone of participating in the experiment, the clone seedling deriving from (5) same strain select tree 1. described in A is same clone, and deriving from (5) 1. A is not the clone seedling of same strain select tree is different clones; The clone seedling deriving from (5) 1. B same strain super seedling is same clone, derive from (5) 1. B is not the clone seedling of same strain super seedling is different clones, participate in the experiment different asexual be more than 10, test adopts randomised block design, same clonal strain is more than 15 strains, repeat more than 3 times, the plant height of results of regular determination Birch clone test woods Fast-growth phase and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground;
B. Birch choiceness is selected as follows
In 2 years raw Birch clone test woodss, growth selection height reaches more than 2.4 meters, and breast diameter growth reaches more than 2.36 centimetres, and trunk leads to directly, be Birch choiceness without the re selection of damage by disease and insect; And/or in 3 years raw Birch clone test woodss, growth selection height reaches more than 3.8 meters, and breast diameter growth reaches more than 3.12 centimetres, trunk leads to directly, be Birch choiceness without the re selection of damage by disease and insect;
(6) clone configuration and afforestation
By step (5) 2. B select the Birch choiceness obtained 6 ~ August of rainy season, and afforest in this soil containing transplanting during water amount≤60% mass fraction in the edaphic native earth of 0-40cm that step (4) executed base manure, during afforestation, clone configuration coefficients is 4 ~ 6, namely 4 ~ 6 different Birch choiceness are adopted to be configured, its clonal configuration mode is: 1. Mixed in blocks, 4 ~ 6 different Birch choiceness are divided into groups, identical Birch choiceness is one group totally 4 ~ 6 groups, often the same Birch choiceness 4-5 of group plantation is capable, often row 8-10 strain, often group takes wide-narrow row planting: wide line-spacing 5m, narrow row is apart from 2m, spacing in the rows 3m, each group is staggered, namely longitudinal two adjacent groups is different group, horizontal two adjacent groups is different group, or be 2. configured with individual plant Birch choiceness random fashion, still take wide-narrow row planting: wide line-spacing 5m, narrow row is apart from 2m, spacing in the rows 3m, deriving from same clonal Birch choiceness is same Birch choiceness, and deriving from different clonal Birch choiceness is different Birch choiceness,
(7) forest land is fostered
1. weeding is loosened the soil
To afforest weeding then 3 times, in initial stage in rainy season, middle of the rainy season and latter stage in rainy season each 1 time respectively, when fostering, make vegetation cover rate reach 70%; Within 2nd year, shovels careless removal of impurities 2 ~ 3 times after afforestation, wherein initial stage in rainy season and each 1 time of latter stage in rainy season, middle of the rainy season 1 time, makes vegetation cover rate reach 70% when fostering;
2. topdress
To loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding at the initial stage in rainy season and topdress, every strain in the 1st year of afforesting imposes 100g composite fertilizer or every strain imposes 50g urea; Every strain in 2nd year imposes 200g composite fertilizer or every strain imposes 100g urea; Every strain in 3rd year imposes 300g composite fertilizer or every strain imposes 150g urea; During fertilising, at distance trunk 30 ~ 50cm place open arc shape ditch, arc long 40 ~ 50cm, the wide 10cm ~ 12cm of arc, the dark 10 ~ 15cm of arc, be sprinkling upon in arc ditch by fertilizer; Described composite fertilizer or urea identical with the composite fertilizer described in step (4) or urea;
(8) pest control
1. the control of termite damage
Behind step (3) whole ground, adopt mass trapping or mirex is sprayed to formicary and prevent and treat; Transplanting in step (6) immerses in 48% Le Siben missible oil, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid by Birch choiceness root in first 5 ~ 7 days, leaching root 2 ~ 3min; Or Birch choiceness root was immersed in 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid in first 5 ~ 7 days in step (6) transplanting, leaching root 2 ~ 3min;
2. the control of trunk borer harm
Find that there is worm's ovum block at bark seam place, strike off the pieces of an egg at bark seam place immediately; Kill with 50% phosphamidon missible oil, 500 times of liquid or 50% Folithion missible oil, 500 times of liquid spray trunks before not invading trunk after larvae hatch; During larva just eats into phloem or sapwood top layer, worm channel is coated with 40% flolimat emulsion diesel oil liquid 500 times of liquid or 50% Folithion missible oil diesel oil liquid, 500 times of liquid, in described 40% flolimat emulsion diesel oil liquid, the mass ratio of 40% flolimat emulsion and diesel oil liquid is 1:10, and in described 50% Folithion missible oil diesel oil liquid, the mass ratio of 50% Folithion missible oil and diesel oil liquid is 1:10; To the larva eaten into into trunk depths, dip in 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution, 50 times of liquid or 50% DDT EC, 10 times of liquid injection worm channels with cotton balls, and outside channel, be coated with wet mud.
Further, the optimum average temperature of the whole year in step (1) habitat location is 18 ~ 20 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the inventive method makes Birch clone woods build successfully
The inventive method adopts Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro construction Birch clone woods, according to its development characteristics, it is a set of suitable to define, the method of forestation of the pure Betula alnoides forest of comprehensive Birch clonal tissue culture seedling, Birch clone woods is made to build successfully, compared with traditional Birch seed collecting nursery (seedling) afforestation mode, effectively improve the increase in standing timber and survival rate, decrease the generation of forest insect pest, reverse and relied on traditional seed collecting nursery (seedling) mode to afforest for a long time, its tree growth is slow, break up the defects such as serious.The inventive method makes growth of young plantations healthy and strong and fast growth, 2 ~ 3 years, Tree height growth comparatively contrasts, and (seed collecting nursery) improves 59.5 ~ 66.4%, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground comparatively contrasts, and (seed collecting nursery) improves 52.3 ~ 66.5%, survival rate comparatively contrasts, and (seed collecting nursery) improves 10.8 ~ 16.7%, insect pest incidence comparatively contrasts (seed collecting nursery) and decreases 37 ~ 41.2%, the Birch clone woods of construction can improve lumber quality significantly, the forest form formed is satisfactory, texture is logical straight, unforeseeable technique effect is created compared with contrast (seed collecting nursery).
2, the inventive method adopts the Birch choiceness selected to afforest, and pass through clonal reasonable disposition and relevant control measures, the output of the unit are of this fine tree species of Birch is improved in a large number, improves the income of self-employed tree cultivator.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The clone configuration schematic diagram of Fig. 1 to be clone configuration coefficients be Mixed in blocks configuration mode of 4, in figure, symbol zero,, △, ☆ represent 4 different Birch choiceness respectively.
Fig. 2 is the wide-and narrow-row distance and spacing in the rows schematic layout pattern of taking wide-and narrow-row to afforest, and in figure, each mark represents successively: 1-Birch choiceness, L 1represent narrow row distance, L 2represent wide line-spacing, D represents spacing in the rows; L 1=2m, L 2=5m, D=3m.
The clone configuration schematic diagram of Fig. 3 to be clone configuration coefficients be Mixed in blocks configuration mode of 5, in figure, symbol zero,, △, ☆, ◇ represent 5 different Birch choiceness respectively.
Embodiment
The material such as Birch special fertilizer, composite fertilizer, urea, agricultural chemicals used in following embodiment all can be bought in market.Without illustrating as conventional method in each embodiment.
Embodiment 1 the inventive method
Implement place: Bang Xie village of Shahe township of Shuan Jiang county of Lincang City of Chinese yunnan province, for south subtropics warms up wet monsoon weather, the Birch choiceness woods of construction area 10 hectares.
Afforestation Time: in July, 2010.
Control time: in September, 2013.
Comprise the following steps (repeating for 3 times):
(1) habitat location
Shahe township of Shuan Jiang county of Lincang City of Yunnan Province is the west and south in Yunnan Province, planting site height above sea level is 1200 ~ 1300m, average temperature of the whole year 19 DEG C ~ 21 DEG C, the coldest moon samming 10 DEG C, Extreme Maximum Temperature 40.3 DEG C, Annual lowest climate temperature-5 DEG C; Average annual rainfall 1000 ~ 1200mm, annual air relative temperature more than 80%, soil organic matter content is 3.9%, total nitrogen content of soil is 0.07%, soil available phosphorus content is 25mg/kg, red soil half Schattenseite of soil pH value 5.9 for planting site.Described half Schattenseite is determined according to a conventional method, and namely half Schattenseite is the region of west by south 30 ° and west by north 30 °.
(2) site preparation
This planting site gradient is less than 35 °, adopts and makes an overall screening mode, carries out cutting assorted bunch and cutting assorted refining mountain.
(3) land preparation mode
Adopt band to cultivate wholely, dig along contour the horizontal stripes that 1m is wide, 20 ~ 25cm is dark.
(4) basal dressing
Base manure of spreading manuer in holes is adopted, the length and width in cave, deeply respectively 40cm × 40cm × 40cm in the planting site of step (3); 500g Birch special fertilizer of often spreading manuer in holes before afforestation makes base manure, and in described Birch special fertilizer, the content of organic matter is 40%, N content is 5%%, P 2o 5content is 2%, K 2o content is 1%, and described percentage is mass fraction.
(5) seed selection of Birch choiceness
1. Birch clonal tissue culture seedling explant get bud
Select superior tree method choice routinely goes out Birch select tree 14 strain, every strain select tree is numbered respectively as Lincang-1, Lincang-2, Lincang-3, Lincang-4, Lincang-5, Lincang-6, Lincang-7, Lincang-8, Lincang-9, Lincang-10, Lincang-11, Lincang-12, Lincang-13, Lincang-14, every strain Birch select tree is got axillalry bud as Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant; And got axillalry bud is carried out corresponding numbering, the axillalry bud that same strain select tree is got is same axillalry bud, the numbering of same axillalry bud is identical, then cultivate by existing Birch tissue culture propagation method and breed plantlet in vitro, and corresponding numbering is carried out to plantlet in vitro, and after hardening, transplanting breeding, when height of seedling reaches 15 ~ 25cm, testing woods as nursery stock for building Birch clone, and corresponding numbering being carried out to nursery stock;
The select superior tree method of described routine is 5 strain dominant comparative method routinely, in the even-aged stand that land occupation condition is relatively consistent, centered by candidate tree, select in the scope of radius 10 ~ 15m 5 strain dominant trees as a comparison wood (dominant tree refers in the certain limit that candidate sets same standing forest, growth, on the spot identical with the age of tree or close, when choosing select tree, the contrast wood being only second to candidate tree as comparison other), measure the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of contrast wood and candidate's wood, the height of tree, clear bole height, and calculate the volume of timber, adopt Duncan Multiple range test, under the significance level of 5%, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground of candidate tree, the height of tree, clear bole height, volume of timber index is significantly higher than dominant tree, and it is logical straight satisfactory to estimate candidate's trunk, crackle is logical straight, distortionless, tree crown is complete, self-pruning is good, side shoot is thinner, the healthy individual plant without damage by disease and insect is Birch select tree.
Described existing Birch tissue culture propagation method is:
A) sterilization of Birch clonal tissue culture seedling explant, first uses tap water 5min by the axillalry bud of collection.Then aseptically, be 75% alcohol disinfecting 5s ~ 10s by volume fraction, aseptic water washing 2 times.Be 0.1% mercuric chloride solution with mass fraction again, add Tween-20 two submergence axillalry buds, gentle agitation, sterilization 7min ~ 10min, then use aseptic water washing 5 times.
B) the first generation induction of Birch clonal tissue culture seedling, the medium 1/2MS+KT0.3mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L+ ascorbic acid 20mg/L of first generation induction, pH value is 5.8 ~ 6.2, condition of culture: cultivation temperature 28 DEG C, intensity of illumination 3000 ~ 5000lx, light application time 10 ~ 14h/d.
C) proliferated culture medium: MS+KT0.3mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L+ adenine 3.0mg/L+ ascorbic acid 20mg/L+ polyvinylpyrrolidone 200mg/L, pH value is 5.8-6.2, condition of culture: cultivation temperature 28 DEG C, intensity of illumination 3000 ~ 5000lx, light application time 10 ~ 14h/d.
D) root media: 1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L+ active carbon 500mg/L, condition of culture is identical with Multiplying culture condition.
2. the selection of Birch clone test woods and Birch choiceness is built
A. Birch clone test woods is built, using step (5) 1. in the nursery stock cultivated as the clone seedling construction Birch clone test woods of participating in the experiment, and corresponding numbering is carried out to clone seedling, for the seed selection of the Birch choiceness that the axillalry bud directly taken from selected select tree carries out as Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant, the clone seedling deriving from same strain select tree is same clone, and deriving from be not the clone seedling of same strain select tree is different clones; The different clone of participating in the experiment has 22, and test adopts randomised block design, and same clonal strain number is more than 15 strains, repeats 3 times, the plant height of results of regular determination Birch clone test woods and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground;
B. Birch choiceness is selected
In 2 years raw Birch clone test woodss, growth selection height reaches more than 2.4 meters, and breast diameter growth reaches more than 2.36 centimetres, and trunk leads to directly, be Birch choiceness without the re selection of damage by disease and insect and carry out the numbering of correspondence.
(6) clone configuration and afforestation
Select the Birch choiceness obtained 6 ~ August of rainy season step (5) B, and afforest in this soil containing transplanting time water amount≤60% mass fraction (percentage of 60% is mass fraction) in the native earth that step (4) executed 0 ~ 40cm soil of base manure, during afforestation, clone configuration coefficients is 4.Namely be 4 be clone configuration coefficients is configured with 4 different Birch choiceness.Its clonal configuration mode is Mixed in blocks (crying again bulk mixed friendship), 4 different Birch choiceness are divided into groups, identical Birch choiceness is one group totally 4 groups, see Fig. 1,4 Birch choiceness represent with symbol zero,, △, ☆ respectively, often same Birch choiceness 5 row of group plantation, often row 10 strain, often group takes wide-narrow row planting: wide line-spacing L 2=5m, narrow row are apart from L 1=2m, spacing in the rows D=3m (see Fig. 2), each group is staggered, and namely longitudinal two adjacent groups is different group, and horizontal two adjacent groups is different group, namely longitudinal two adjacent groups is different Birch choiceness, and horizontal two adjacent groups is different Birch choiceness.
For the seed selection of the Birch choiceness that the axillalry bud directly taken from selected select tree carries out as Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant, the Birch choiceness deriving from same strain select tree is same Birch choiceness, and deriving from be not the Birch choiceness of same strain select tree is different Birch choiceness.Therefore, deriving from same clonal Birch choiceness is same Birch choiceness, and deriving from different clonal Birch choiceness is different Birch choiceness.
(7) forest land is fostered
1. weeding is loosened the soil
To afforest weeding then 3 times, in initial stage in rainy season, middle of the rainy season and latter stage in rainy season each 1 time respectively, vegetation cover rate is made to reach 70% when fostering, within 2nd year, careless removal of impurities 3 times is shoveled after afforestation, initial stage in rainy season and each 1 time of latter stage in rainy season, middle of the rainy season 1 time, vegetation cover rate when fostering, is made to reach 70%.
2. topdress
To loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding at the initial stage in rainy season and topdress, every strain in the 1st year of afforesting imposes 100g composite fertilizer; Every strain in 2nd year imposes 200g composite fertilizer; Every strain in 3rd year imposes 300g composite fertilizer; During fertilising, at distance trunk 30 ~ 50cm place open arc shape ditch, arc long 40 ~ 50cm, the wide 10cm ~ 12cm of arc, the dark 10 ~ 15cm of arc, be evenly sprinkling upon fertilizer in arc ditch; In described composite fertilizer N content be 10%, P 2o 5content is 20% and K 2o content is 10%, and described percentage is mass fraction.
(8) pest control
1. the control of termite damage
Termite damage mainly occurs in the afforestation initial stage, harm root, behind step (3) whole ground, adopts mass trapping to prevent and treat; And step (6) transplant front 5 ~ 7 days by Birch choiceness root immersion mass fraction be soak root 2 ~ 3min in 48% Le Siben missible oil, 1500 times of liquid.
2. the control of trunk borer harm
Trunk borer mainly contains intends carpenter moth, birch bark beetle and saw root soil longicorn, and trunk borer generally after afforestation the 2nd year, starts during leading thread 2cm to occur, collar portion bark of mainly causing harm, or eat into into trunk from branch portion.When fostering, as found, there is worm's ovum block at bark seam place, strikes off the pieces of an egg at bark seam place immediately at every turn; Kill with 50% phosphamidon missible oil, 500 times of liquid spray trunks before not invading trunk after larvae hatch; During larva just eats into phloem or sapwood top layer, be coated with worm channel with 40% flolimat emulsion diesel oil liquid (medicine oil ratio 1:10), 500 times of liquid; To the larva eaten into into trunk depths, dip in 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution, 50 times of liquid with cotton balls and inject in worm channel, and outside channel, be coated with wet mud.In described 40% flolimat emulsion diesel oil liquid, the mass ratio of 40% flolimat emulsion and diesel oil liquid is 1:10.
Embodiment 2 the inventive method
Implement place: half way up the mountain village, Yi Xiang town, Simao District, Chinese yunnan province Puer City is subtropics monsoon climate, the Birch choiceness woods of construction area 3 hectares.
Afforestation Time: in July, 2011.
Control time: in September, 2013.
Embodiment 2 is except following measures difference, and all the other measures are identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.
(1) habitat location
Half way up the mountain village, Yi Xiang town, Simao District, Puer City, Yunnan Province is the west and south in Yunnan Province, and planting site altitude ranges is 1300 ~ 1500m, average temperature of the whole year 15 ~ 20 DEG C, the coldest moon samming 11.7 DEG C, Extreme Maximum Temperature 32 DEG C, Annual lowest climate temperature-5 DEG C; Average annual more than rainfall 1500mm, annual air relative temperature more than 70%, soil organic matter content is 4.1%, total nitrogen content of soil is 0.08%, soil available phosphorus content is 28mg/kg, red earth half Schattenseite of soil pH value 5.8 for planting site;
(2) site preparation
The planting site gradient is 32 °, adopts and makes an overall screening mode, carries out cutting assorted bunch and cutting assorted refining mountain;
(3) land preparation mode
Adopt cave-shaped wholely;
(4) basal dressing
Adopt in the planting site of step (3) and to spread manuer in holes base manure, the length and width in cave, be deeply respectively 50cm × 50cm × 40cm; 500g Birch special fertilizer of often spreading manuer in holes before afforestation makes base manure, and in described Birch special fertilizer, the content of organic matter is 40%, N content is 5%, P 2o 5content is 6%, K 2o content is 10%.
(5) seed selection of Birch choiceness
1. Birch clonal tissue culture seedling explant get bud
Birch trunk not easily bears bud, and again because its tree height is large, the bud of side shoot is also not easily got.What the method for following seed seedling-raising therefore also can be adopted to carry out Birch clonal tissue culture seedling explant gets bud:
Select superior tree method choice routinely goes out Birch select tree 14 strain, each selected strain select tree is numbered respectively into Pu'er-1, Pu'er-2, Pu'er-3, Pu'er-4, Pu'er-5, Pu'er-6, Pu'er-7, Pu'er-8, Pu'er-9, Pu'er-10, Pu'er-11, Pu'er-12, Pu'er-13, Pu'er-14, gather the seed on selected select tree respectively, the seed of collection is carried out seeding and seedling raising, before treating that seedling goes out garden, carry out super seedling selection, described super seedling system of selection is: from select tree half sibs first filial generation, select super seedling, with the Birch height of seedling of 3 months raw select tree half sibs first filial generations, leading thread two parameters are index, carry out mean value and the standard error analysis of two parameters respectively, obtain average height of seedling, the standard deviation of height of seedling, the standard deviation of average leading thread and leading thread, select super seedling, the super seedling selected will meet two conditions simultaneously: Miao Gao≤average height of seedling+5 × height of seedling standard deviation of A. super seedling, B. footpath, ground≤average leading thread+5 × leading thread standard deviation of super seedling.
Table 1 is for the seed seedling-raising of a strain select tree, gathers select tree seed in December, 2010 and carries out seeding and seedling raising, carries out the data of random sampling June next year before outplanting.Data from table 1, the mean value calculating height of seedling is 17.2cm, height of seedling standard deviation is 1.56 (average height of seedling+5 × height of seedling standard deviation=17.2+5 × 1.56=25cm); The mean value of leading thread is 0.20cm, leading thread standard deviation is 0.031 (average leading thread+5 × leading thread standard deviation=0.20+5 × 0.031=0.355cm).By the selection criteria of super seedling, the height of seedling of the super seedling selected be greater than equal 25.00cm, leading thread is more than or equal to 0.355cm, the super seedling selected is transplanted in flowerpot and grows, to draw materials material as Birch explant, get super seedling axillalry bud and be explant and super seedling axillalry bud carries out corresponding numbering, then cultivate by the existing Birch tissue culture propagation method described in embodiment 1 and breed plantlet in vitro, carry out hardening, transplanting breeding, be that nursery stock tests woods for building Birch clone when height of seedling reaches 15 ~ 25cm, and corresponding numbering is carried out to nursery stock.
Birch select tree half sibs first filial generation seedling growth test (before going out garden) in table 1 embodiment 2
Numbering Height of seedling (cm) Leading thread (cm)
1 19.2 0.24
2 18.5 0.18
3 17.0 0.20
4 19.0 0.25
5 19.5 0.16
6 16.5 0.24
7 16.0 0.19
8 15.5 0.18
9 15.5 0.16
10 17.3 0.24
11 16.7 0.25
12 15.7 0.19
13 16.0 0.25
14 19.0 0.17
15 19.0 0.17
16 15.0 0.21
17 20.0 0.21
18 17.5 0.19
19 16.0 0.23
20 16.0 0.19
21 19.2 0.19
22 18.5 0.16
23 19.5 0.17
24 15.0 0.23
25 16.1 0.20
26 16.3 0.26
27 15.8 0.19
28 15.6 0.22
29 16.8 0.23
30 17.8 0.21
Mean value 17.2 0.20
Standard deviation 1.56 0.031
2. the selection of Birch clone test woods and Birch choiceness is built
A. Birch clone test woods is built
Using step (5) 1. in the nursery stock cultivated as the clone seedling construction Birch clone test woods of participating in the experiment, and corresponding numbering is carried out to clone seedling, the different clone of participating in the experiment has 20, the planting site of each test repeats 3 times, test adopts randomised block design, more than the strain of same clonal strain number 15, the plant height of results of regular determination Birch clone test woods and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground; Seeding and seedling raising is carried out for by the seed on the select tree selected by collection, select super seedling, the seed selection that axillalry bud is the Birch choiceness that Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant carries out is got from super seedling, the clone seedling deriving from same strain super seedling is same clone, and deriving from be not the clone seedling of same strain super seedling is different clones.
B. Birch choiceness is selected
In 3 years raw Birch young clone plantations, growth selection height reaches more than 3.8 meters, and breast diameter growth reaches more than 3.12 centimetres, and trunk leads to directly, be Birch choiceness without the re selection of damage by disease and insect.
(6) clone configuration and afforestation
By Birch choiceness July in rainy season, and afforest in this soil containing transplanting during water amount≤60% mass fraction in the edaphic native earth of 0-40cm that step (4) executed base manure, during afforestation, clone configuration coefficients is 5, described clone configuration coefficients is 5, namely be configured with 5 different Birch choiceness, its clone configuration mode is Mixed in blocks, cry again bulk mixed friendship, 5 different Birch choiceness groupings, identical Birch choiceness is one group and has 5 groups, see Fig. 3, 5 different Birch choiceness use symbol zero respectively, , △, ☆, ◇ represents, Birch choiceness 4 row that often group plantation is identical, often row 10 strain, wide-and narrow-row is all taked to afforest for each group: wide line-spacing L 2=5m, narrow row are apart from L 1=2m, spacing in the rows D=3m, each group is staggered, namely the two adjacent groups of longitudinal arrangement is different group (namely the two adjacent groups of longitudinal arrangement is different Birch choiceness), and transversely arranged two adjacent groups is different group (namely transversely arranged two adjacent groups is different Birch choiceness).
Seeding and seedling raising is carried out for by the seed on the select tree selected by collection, select super seedling, the seed selection of the Birch choiceness that axillalry bud carries out as Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant is got from super seedling, the Birch choiceness deriving from same strain super seedling is same Birch choiceness, and deriving from be not the Birch choiceness of same strain super seedling is different Birch choiceness.Therefore, deriving from same clonal Birch choiceness is same Birch choiceness, and deriving from different clonal Birch choiceness is different Birch choiceness.
(7) forest land is fostered
2. topdress
To loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding at the initial stage in rainy season and topdress, every strain in the 1st year of afforesting imposes 50g urea; Every strain in 2nd year imposes 100g urea; Every strain in 3rd year imposes 150g urea; In described urea, N content is 46.0%, and described percentage is mass fraction.
In the various embodiments described above test, as long as the numbering that each step is carried out can reach clone that differentiation finally selects, whether Birch choiceness derives from same strain select tree or same strain super seedling.
The result of the test of above embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 refers to table 2 and table 3.
Table 2 embodiment 1 with contrast increase in standing timber application form
Table 3 embodiment 2 with contrast increase in standing timber application form
Contrasting (CK) in table 2 is except adopting local Birch seedling balled transplanting, and do not relate in embodiment 1 outside step (5) Birch choiceness seed selection and step (6) clone configuration, all the other measures are identical with embodiment 1.
Contrasting (CK) in table 3 is except adopting local Birch seedling balled transplanting, and do not relate in embodiment 2 outside step (5) Birch choiceness seed selection and step (6) clone configuration, all the other measures are identical with embodiment 2.
The clone reasonable disposition that the present invention adopts significantly can reduce carpenter moth, plan carpenter moth class trunk borer is caused harm.Insect pest incidence in table 2 and table 3 refers to and is accounted for by the strain number that worm encroaches on the percentage investigating total strain number.
Result of the test shows: namely the seed collecting nursery (seedling) that the inventive method is traditional with Birch contrasts compared with afforestation mode, effectively improve the increase in standing timber and survival rate, decrease the generation of forest insect pest, reverse and relied on traditional seed collecting nursery (seedling) mode to afforest for a long time to cause tree growth slow, broken up the defects such as serious.The inventive method makes growth of young plantations healthy and strong and fast growth, 2 ~ 3 years, Tree height growth comparatively contrasts, and (traditional seed collecting nursery) improves 59.5 ~ 66.4%, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground comparatively contrasts raising 52.3 ~ 66.5%, survival rate comparatively contrasts raising 10.8 ~ 16.7%, and insect pest incidence comparatively contrasts minimizing 37 ~ 41.2%, and the Birch clone woods of construction can improve lumber quality significantly, the forest form formed is satisfactory, texture is logical straight, creates unforeseeable technique effect compared with the control.

Claims (2)

1. a method of forestation for Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro, comprises the following steps:
(1) habitat location
The west and south selecting Chinese yunnan to economize, south, western part and northwestern, altitude ranges is 800 ~ 1600m, average temperature of the whole year 11 ~ 21 DEG C, the coldest moon samming 9 ~ 15 DEG C, most Gao Qi Wen≤40.3 DEG C of Ji end, Annual lowest climate temperature-5 DEG C, average annual more than rainfall 1000mm, annual air relative temperature more than 70%, soil organic matter content is greater than 3%, total nitrogen content of soil is greater than 0.04%, and soil available phosphorus content is greater than 15mg/kg, and the red soil of soil pH value 5.0 ~ 6.5 or red earth half Schattenseite ground are planting site;
(2) site preparation
The gradient be less than 35 ° planting site adopt make an overall screening mode, the gradient is that the planting site of more than 35 ° adopts banded manner of cleaning up, and bandwidth is 1.5 ~ 2m;
(3) land preparation mode
Gradient planting site below 25 ° adopts band to cultivate wholely, digs along contour the horizontal stripes that 1m is wide, 20 ~ 25cm is dark; The gradient be greater than 25 ° planting site adopt cave-shaped wholely;
(4) basal dressing
Adopt in the planting site of step (3) and to spread manuer in holes base manure, the length and width in cave, to be deeply respectively: 40 ~ 50cm × 40 ~ 50cm × 30 ~ 40cm; Base manure made by often spread manuer in holes before afforestation 500g Birch special fertilizer or often spread manuer in holes 300g composite fertilizer or 150g urea of often spreading manuer in holes, and the content of organic matter>=40% in described Birch special fertilizer, N content are 5% ~ 10%, P 2o 5content is 2% ~ 6%, K 2o content is 1% ~ 10%; In described composite fertilizer N content be 10%, P 2o 5content is 20%, K 2o content is 10%; In described urea, N content is 46.0%, and described percentage is mass fraction;
(5) seed selection of Birch choiceness
That 1. carries out Birch clonal tissue culture seedling explant by following A or B mode gets bud
A. select superior tree method choice routinely goes out more than Birch select tree 10 strain, axillalry bud is got respectively as Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant on each strain select tree, then cultivate by existing Birch tissue culture propagation method and breed plantlet in vitro, after hardening, transplanting breeding is that nursery stock is for building Birch clone test woods when height of seedling reaches 15 ~ 25cm;
B. select superior tree method choice routinely goes out more than Birch select tree 10 strain, seed on select tree selected by collection, the seed of collection is carried out seeding and seedling raising, before treating that seedling goes out garden, carry out super seedling selection, described super seedling system of selection is: from select tree half sibs first filial generation, select super seedling, with the Birch height of seedling of select tree half sibs first filial generation, leading thread two parameters are index, carry out mean value and the standard error analysis of two parameters respectively, obtain average height of seedling, the standard deviation of height of seedling and average leading thread, the standard deviation of leading thread, height of seedling is selected to be greater than the standard deviation of average height of seedling+5 × height of seedling, and the seedling that the leading thread of seedling is greater than the standard deviation of average leading thread+5 × leading thread is super seedling, super seedling is transplanted in flowerpot and grows, to draw materials material as Birch explant, get super seedling axillalry bud as Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro explant, then cultivate by existing Birch tissue culture propagation method and breed plantlet in vitro, carry out hardening, transplanting breeding, be that nursery stock is for building Birch clone test woods when height of seedling reaches 15 ~ 25cm,
2. the selection of Birch clone test woods and Birch choiceness is built
A. Birch clone test woods is built, step (5) nursery stock that 1. middle A or B cultivates is tested woods as the clone seedling construction Birch clone of participating in the experiment, the clone seedling deriving from (5) same strain select tree 1. described in A is same clone, and deriving from (5) 1. A is not the clone seedling of same strain select tree is different clones; The clone seedling deriving from (5) 1. B same strain super seedling is same clone, derive from (5) 1. B is not the clone seedling of same strain super seedling is different clones, participate in the experiment different asexual be more than 10, test adopts randomised block design, same clonal strain number is more than 15 strains, repeat more than 3 times, the plant height of results of regular determination Birch clone test woods and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground;
B. Birch choiceness is selected as follows
In 2 years raw Birch clone test woodss, growth selection height reaches more than 2.4 meters, and breast diameter growth reaches more than 2.36 centimetres, and trunk leads to directly, be Birch choiceness without the re selection of damage by disease and insect; And/or in 3 years raw Birch clone test woodss, growth selection height reaches more than 3.8 meters, and breast diameter growth reaches more than 3.12 centimetres, trunk leads to directly, be Birch choiceness without the re selection of damage by disease and insect;
(6) clone configuration and afforestation
By step (5) 2. B select the Birch choiceness obtained 6 ~ August of rainy season, and afforest in this soil containing transplanting during water amount≤60% mass fraction in the edaphic native earth of 0-40cm that step (4) executed base manure, during afforestation, clone configuration coefficients is 4 ~ 6, namely 4 ~ 6 different Birch choiceness are adopted to be configured, its clonal configuration mode is: 1. Mixed in blocks, 4 ~ 6 different Birch choiceness are divided into groups, identical Birch choiceness is one group totally 4 ~ 6 groups, often the same Birch choiceness 4-5 of group plantation is capable, often row 8-10 strain, often group takes wide-narrow row planting: wide line-spacing 5m, narrow row is apart from 2m, spacing in the rows 3m, each group is staggered: longitudinal two adjacent groups is different group, horizontal two adjacent groups is different group, or be 2. configured with individual plant Birch choiceness random fashion, still take wide-narrow row planting: wide line-spacing 5m, narrow row is apart from 2m, spacing in the rows 3m,
(7) forest land is fostered
1. weeding is loosened the soil
To afforest weeding then 3 times, in initial stage in rainy season, middle of the rainy season and latter stage in rainy season each 1 time respectively, when fostering, make vegetation cover rate reach 70%; Within 2nd year, shovels careless removal of impurities 2 ~ 3 times after afforestation, wherein initial stage in rainy season and each 1 time of latter stage in rainy season, middle of the rainy season 1 time, makes vegetation cover rate reach 70% when fostering;
2. topdress
To loosen the soil in conjunction with weeding at the initial stage in rainy season and topdress, every strain in the 1st year of afforesting imposes 100g composite fertilizer or every strain imposes 50g urea; Every strain in 2nd year imposes 200g composite fertilizer or every strain imposes 100g urea; Every strain in 3rd year imposes 300g composite fertilizer or every strain imposes 150g urea; During fertilising, at distance trunk 30 ~ 50cm place open arc shape ditch, arc long 40 ~ 50cm, the wide 10cm ~ 12cm of arc, the dark 10 ~ 15cm of arc, be sprinkling upon in arc ditch by fertilizer; Described composite fertilizer or urea identical with the composite fertilizer described in step (4) or urea;
(8) pest control
1. the control of termite damage
Behind step (3) whole ground, adopt mass trapping or mirex is sprayed to formicary and prevent and treat; Transplanting in step (6) immerses in 48% Le Siben missible oil, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid by Birch choiceness root in first 5 ~ 7 days, leaching root 2 ~ 3min; Or Birch choiceness root was immersed in 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1500 ~ 2000 times of liquid in first 5 ~ 7 days in step (6) transplanting, leaching root 2 ~ 3min;
2. the control of trunk borer harm
Find that there is worm's ovum block at bark seam place, strike off the pieces of an egg at bark seam place immediately; Kill with 50% phosphamidon missible oil, 500 times of liquid or 50% Folithion missible oil, 500 times of liquid spray trunks before not invading trunk after larvae hatch; During larva just eats into phloem or sapwood top layer, worm channel is coated with 40% flolimat emulsion diesel oil liquid 500 times of liquid or 50% Folithion missible oil diesel oil liquid, 500 times of liquid, in described 40% flolimat emulsion diesel oil liquid, the mass ratio of 40% flolimat emulsion and diesel oil liquid is 1:10, and in described 50% Folithion missible oil diesel oil liquid, the mass ratio of 50% Folithion missible oil and diesel oil liquid is 1:10; To the larva eaten into into trunk depths, dip in 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution, 50 times of liquid or 50% DDT EC, 10 times of liquid injection worm channels with cotton balls, and outside channel, be coated with wet mud.
2. the method for forestation of a kind of Birch choiceness plantlet in vitro according to claim 1, the optimum average temperature of the whole year in step (1) habitat location is 18 ~ 20 DEG C.
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