CN114946512B

CN114946512B - Cultivation method for improving growth performance of garlic fruit plants

Info

Publication number: CN114946512B
Application number: CN202210920735.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李爱荣; 李悦; 李云驹; 薛瑞娟
Original assignee: Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Kunming Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2022-04-01
Filing date: 2022-08-02
Publication date: 2022-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-02
Also published as: CN114946512A

Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving growth performance of garlic fruit plants, relates to the technical field of garlic fruit cultivation seedling and afforestation, and aims to solve the problems of low seedling rate and gradual decline of seedling growth in the garlic fruit cultivation process. The invention changes the traditional garlic fruit cultivation mode, adopts a scientific planting method based on the specific root hemiparasitic characteristic of the garlic fruit, and continuously improves the growth performance of the garlic fruit plants by reasonably planting host plants in different development stages of the garlic fruit plants and assisting with scientific maintenance measures. The method fundamentally corrects the traditional maintenance and management measures which are mutually contradictory to the semi-parasitic characteristics of the roots of the garlic fruits, and solves the problems of low seedling rate of the garlic fruits and gradual decline of the growth vigor of seedlings.

Description

Cultivation method for improving growth performance of garlic plant

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a cultivation method capable of continuously improving growth performance of garlic fruit plants and keeping the garlic fruit plants in a good growth state.

Background

Garlic fruit (A)Malania oleifera Chun &S.K. Lee) is Allium (of the genus Allium of the family Cyperaceae (Oleaceae) ((R))Malania) Evergreen arbor is a unique single species plant in China and is distributed only in karst mountainous areas in southeast of Yunnan and West of Guangxi. The nervonic acid content in the seed kernels of the garlic bulbs reaches up to 42 percent, and the seed kernels of the garlic bulbs are plants with the highest nervonic acid content at present and have great application potential in the development of brain health care products. In addition, the toxic protein in the seed kernel of the garlic fruit can be used for researching and developing anticancer drugs, the garlic fruit wood is the building and furniture passenger material, the plants of the garlic fruit wood are naturally distributed in limestone mountain areas and have strong adaptability, and the method is used for ecological restoration and stony desertification control in karst regionsGood tree species. Although the garlic cloves have great economic development value and ecological restoration function, the existing resources of the garlic cloves are very limited due to the ecological disturbance and early resource abuse. Although a great deal of research is carried out in the early stage to develop the planting and forestation technology of the garlic, the problems of low seedling rate and annual decline of nursery stocks in the artificial cultivation process of the garlic are not fundamentally solved, which limits the resource protection, development and utilization of the garlic to a great extent.

In the prior art of planting and afforesting the garlic, the conventional plant planting management and protection and afforesting technology is adopted, and the special biological characteristics of the garlic are not considered, so that the effect is not ideal. Recent studies have found that the garlic cloves have root hemiparasitic properties. Because the root hemiparasitic plant and a common plant nutrient absorption strategy have great difference, the cultivation and maintenance method suitable for the conventional green plant cannot meet the growth requirement of the root hemiparasitic plant, the traditional management and protection measures such as weeding and loosening the land are not beneficial to establishing a parasitic relationship between the garlic fruits and the host, and are contrary to the requirement of the root hemiparasitic characteristic of the garlic fruits, so that the root hemiparasitic plant is fatally damaged, and the method is an important factor for causing the low afforestation and seedling rate of the garlic fruits and the annual decline of the growth vigor of the plants.

Only a few related researches at the early stage only discover the root hemiparasitic characteristics and the host range of the garlic fruits, or select some plants which do not exist in the garlic fruit habitat and are inapplicable in cultivation and afforestation as hosts to confirm the influence on the growth of the garlic fruits, but do not discuss the reasonable selection of host species in combination with the garlic fruit cultivation and afforestation practice, do not consider the selection preference of the garlic fruits on the host plants at different development stages, and do not explore the key period of host plant matching and the management measures for realizing scientific nursery stock maintenance, so that specific guidance cannot be provided for garlic fruit cultivation and afforestation.

In order to solve the problems of low seedling rate and annual decline of seedling growth vigor in the artificial cultivation process of the garlic cloves, more intensive and systematic research needs to be carried out on the root hemiparasitic characteristics of the garlic cloves, and on the basis, a cultivation, maintenance and afforestation method suitable for the specific biological characteristics and physiological demand characteristics of the garlic cloves is provided, so that the aims of continuously improving the growth performance of garlic cloves plants and improving the growth state of the plants in cultivation and afforestation are fulfilled.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for continuously improving the growth performance of garlic fruit plants and keeping the garlic fruit plants in a good growth state.

The method obtains robust seedlings by optimizing seeds with good maturity, reasonably storing the seeds and promoting germination at proper time, realizes continuous strong seedlings by matching and planting reasonable hosts as early as possible in a seedling stage, protects the parasitic relationship between the garlic fruits and the hosts after the seedlings are transplanted so as to improve the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings, scientifically matches and plants excellent hosts of the garlic fruits in seedling stage and adult stage so as to establish stable and sustainable parasitic relationship between each development stage of the garlic fruits and the hosts, balances the parasitic and competitive relationship between the garlic fruits and the host plants in each stage through multiple maintenance measures, realizes continuous and healthy growth of the garlic fruit plants and the host plants thereof, and solves the problems of low seedling rate and annual decline of the plants in the existing garlic fruit cultivation and afforestation processes.

The invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:

aiming at the root hemiparasitic characteristic of the garlic fruit, according to the selection preference of the garlic fruit to different host plants in different development stages, the garlic fruit plant is reasonably planted in the different development stages and assisted with scientific maintenance management measures, so that the garlic fruit plant is promoted to continuously keep a good growth state; the cultivation method mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) Herbaceous host plants are planted at the same time or at the seedling stage when the garlic seeds are sowed, so that the garlic seeds and the hosts successfully establish a parasitic relationship, the growth state of seedlings is improved, and the stress resistance level and the survival rate of the seedlings are improved;

(2) Transplanting the young garlic fruit seedlings together with the herbaceous host plants, and pruning the host plants when the herbaceous host plants are higher than the garlic fruits;

(3) And (3) planting shrub host plants and/or arbor host plants within one year after transplanting the garlic sprout.

The period for planting the host plant is selected according to the initial time of the production of the parasitic organ of the garlic fruit and the time sequence characteristics of the nutrient consumption of the seed storage after the seedling emerges. Parasitic organs are generated in the process that the garlic seedlings come out of the ground for about 6 weeks, and the host plants are planted in the process of the parasitic organs, so that the parasitic relationship can be formed earlier, and the development of the garlic seedlings is promoted; the root system absorption capacity of the garlic fruit is weak, the photosynthetic efficiency is low, the nutrient consumption stored in the seeds is exhausted about one year after the garlic fruit grows out, the degree of dependence on host plants is increased, and at the moment, the nutrient supply of the herbaceous hosts can not meet the growth requirement of the garlic fruit, so that a shrub host needs to be matched to meet the growth requirement of the garlic fruit in the seedling stage, and a arbor host needs to be matched to meet the growth requirement of the garlic fruit in the adult stage. Although allium sativum fruit parasitizes at the root of the host to take nutrients from the host, it still requires self-synthesis of photosynthetic products to maximize biomass accumulation. Because the aerial part of the host plant and the garlic fruit have competition of light resources and the garlic fruit grows slowly in the early stage, the problem of cultivation distance needs to be considered when the host is matched, so that the host plant and the garlic fruit do not excessively compete for the light resources. Shrub hosts can be cultivated at a short distance from garlic fruits, but the shrub hosts need to be cultivated at a relatively long distance from arbor hosts. The method can plant the hosts in the seedling stage and the adult stage within one year, and can reserve enough time for the root development of various plants, so that the garlic cloves can contact with the corresponding host root before being stressed by nutrients and establish a parasitic relationship, and the gradually increased nutrient requirements of various stages are met.

Further, in the step (1), seeds with good maturity are selected for storage, germination promotion and sowing, so that robust garlic fruit seedlings are obtained; the seeds with good maturity refer to the seeds with full kernels collected after the middle and late ten days of 9 months. Before the seeds are stored, the seeds need to be washed by clear water after the peels are removed, the seeds are soaked in 50wt% carbendazim wettable powder diluted by 500 times for 25 to 30 min for surface disinfection, and the seeds are naturally dried and then stored in river sand or perlite with the water content of 10 to 15wt% at normal temperature. Gradually increasing the humidity of perlite or river sand in the next early spring to promote seed germination, and after the seeds germinate, sowing the seeds in a wet river sand seedbed, a perlite seedbed or a non-woven bag filled with a matrix; sowing in wet river sand or a perlite seedbed at an interval of 25 cm to obtain bare-rooted seedlings; sowing 1 seed in each bag of non-woven fabric bags filled with the matrix to obtain bagged seedlings.

Further, in the step (1), the young seedling stage of the garlic bulbs refers to 6 weeks after the young seedlings come out of the soil. According to the previous experimental results, the parasitic organs of the garlic fruits grow out about 6 weeks after the seedlings come out of the soil, which is a key period for establishing the parasitic relationship with the hosts, and the garlic fruits and the hosts can be established with the parasitic organs earlier by planting host plants before the parasitic organs. Compared with the plant with the later matched host, the photosynthetic rate and the plant growth performance of the plant with the matched host are better in the same sowing period or within 6 weeks after the emergence of the seedling. The herbaceous host plant is preferably a herbaceous host plant with developed root system, rapid growth and pruning resistance. Further preferably, the herbaceous host plant comprises one or more of the Asteraceae plants Artemisia annua, artemisia annua or Canada. The distance between the herbaceous host plant and the garlic seed or seedling is 5-10 cm. The root system of the herbaceous host grows fast, the lignification degree is low, the herbaceous host is easy to be parasitized by parasitic organs of young garlic cloves, and the growth of the garlic cloves can be promoted under the condition of close planting. In the production, both bagged seedlings and bare-rooted seedlings belong to a space intensive cultivation mode, so that the host is matched and planted with herbaceous plants at the same sowing period/seedling period. The selection of the seedling stage host species takes into account three factors: the host has the advantages of growth promotion effect on garlic, pruning resistance, availability of host materials and simplicity and convenience of seedling transplanting operation. The growth promoting effect of the artemisia pseudo-wormwood or the canadian bur on the garlic fruit seedlings is superior to that of other plants, the pruning resistance and the cutting propagation are easy, and the materials are easy to obtain.

Further, in the step (2), transplanting is completed within half a year to two years after the garlic seedlings come out of the soil. Bare-rooted seedlings are required to reduce damage to root systems during seedling lifting, and moss and other water-retention materials are used for keeping moisture in the transportation process so as to prevent the root systems from losing water to cause dead seedlings; the non-woven cloth bag is cut off when the bagged seedlings are transplanted, and the root system is required to be cut off before the soil is covered to enable the root system to be in a relatively unfolded state in the case of packing. Either bare-rooted seedlings or bagged seedlings are transplanted together with the herbaceous host plants, and unnecessary root system disturbance is avoided as much as possible. The transplanting area is preferably a section with good drainage. Loosening soil in the planting area before transplanting, and mixing about 1 kg of farmyard manure with good maturity in each planting hole. The young garlic fruit seedlings and the host are placed in the center of the planting hole, soil is backfilled after the young garlic fruit seedlings are straightened, and the depth of the soil covering is equal to the junction of the roots and the stems of the young garlic fruit seedlings. Watering the seedlings once a week within one month after transplanting the seedlings; in the maintenance process, if the herbaceous host plants are found to be higher than the garlic, the host should be trimmed in time so as not to influence the photosynthesis of the garlic; during the management and protection period, the disturbance of the soil around the root system in a large range or high strength is reduced as much as possible, so that the connection of the root system between the garlic fruit and the host is prevented from being damaged, but the hardened part of the soil can be loosened properly, and the development of the root system is facilitated.

Further, in the step (3), the shrub host plant is preferably a shrub plant which grows rapidly, is pruning-resistant and adapts to the karst environment. Further preferably, the shrub host plant comprises one or more of Ledum Palustre L.of Myrsinaceae, flos Caraganae Sinicae of Leguminosae, bauhinia variegata of Leguminosae, lignum Aquilariae Resinatum of Anacardiaceae, and fructus Phyllanthi of Euphorbiaceae. The planting distance between the host plant of the shrub and the plant of the garlic fruit is 30-50 cm, so as to achieve the ideal parasitic effect.

The nutrient consumption of the garlic fruits is further increased in the seedling stage, and the herbaceous host plants cannot meet the requirements. However, if arbor host plants are directly matched and planted, if the cultivation distance is long, the root systems can be contacted for a long time, the arbor host root systems are thick and strong, the lignification degree is high, the parasitic relationship needs to be established for a long time, and the garlic fruits suffer from nutrient stress in the period; if the cultivation distance is short, because the crown of the arbor host is large, the arbor host and the garlic are cultivated at a short distance, light resources are easily competed, and the growth vigor of the garlic is weakened. Shrub plants are selected as hosts of the garlic bulbs in the seedling stage, and can be cultivated at a short distance from the garlic bulbs, so that the nutrient supply efficiency of the garlic bulbs is effectively improved, the problem of excessive competition of light resources is avoided, and a good transition effect is achieved. Preferred are plants of the shrubs including Duchesnea rotundifolia of the family Myrsinaceae, caragana sinica of the family Leguminosae, bauhinia galpinii of the family Leguminosae, pistacia veronica of the family Anacardiaceae, and Emblica officinalis of the family Euphorbiaceae, because the plants of the shrubs grow fast, have weak defense response against parasitism of garlic bulbs, are resistant to pruning, and have good adaptability.

Further, in the step (3), the arbor host plant is preferably an arbor plant which has a good economic value and is suitable for afforestation. Further preferably, the arbor host plant comprises one or more of Yunnan fir of Pinaceae, pinus massoniana of Pinaceae, dalbergia odorifera of Leguminosae, and Camellia oleifera of Theaceae. The distance between the arbor host plant and the plant of the garlic bulb is 2-3 m, and the arbor host plant and the plant of the garlic bulb can be used as hosts on which the garlic bulb depends for a long time and coexist with the garlic bulb, namely permanent hosts. The grown garlic fruit can reach several meters or even higher, the nutrient demand is huge, and arbor hosts can continuously supply a large amount of nutrients for the garlic fruit, so the garlic fruit can be used as permanent hosts. The garlic fruits can be fruited within about 8 years, the output empty window period is long, and in order to improve the forest land benefit, the economic value of host plants is considered in addition to the growth promoting effect on the garlic fruits in the aspect of selecting arbor hosts. These arbor host plants are selected to be the dominant afforestation or economic species of the garlic fruit distribution area.

Further, parasitic relationship maintenance and seedling long-term maintenance: in the whole cultivation stage of the garlic cloves, maintenance measures for damaging the connection between the garlic cloves root systems and the host root systems are avoided so as to ensure the stability and the continuity of parasitic relations. The biomass accumulation of the garlic cloves depends to a large extent on the photosynthesis thereof, and therefore, in order to prevent the host plant from overgrowing and shielding the garlic cloves, the host plant needs to be trimmed regularly when the plant of the host plant is higher than the plant of the garlic cloves. It is important to note that the host plant is not removed during the seedling stage, adult stage or fruiting stage of the garlic plant, so as not to cause irreversible damage to the garlic. In order to avoid that the growth vigor of host plants is weakened and the growth of the garlic fruits is influenced due to parasitism of the garlic fruits, the garlic fruits can be fertilized once in 3 months and 7 months every year; for the garlic fruit plants in the flowering and fruiting period, the compound fertilizer can be applied to the garlic fruits and the host plants once in 5 months. Especially, the balanced application of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is emphasized, and the three-component compound fertilizer is prepared from the following components in a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 20. The preparation and selection of the compound fertilizer are based on the analysis of the experimental result of the nutrient demand of the garlic and the host plants in earlier period. The compound fertilizer is closer to the optimal nutrient element proportion in the experimental result. Our findings indicate that nutrient supply levels have a significant effect on the relationship between root hemiparasitic plants and host plants. The fertilizer can promote the growth of the garlic bulbs, balance the parasitic relationship between the garlic bulbs and the host plants, avoid the garlic bulbs from excessively grazing the nutrients from the host plants, further realize the sustainability of the parasitic relationship between the garlic bulbs and the host plants and achieve the effect of continuously and well growing the garlic bulbs.

The invention has the following effects:

according to the cultivation method, the survival rate of the three-year-old garlic seedlings can reach more than 90 percent, and the growth vigor of the garlic plants is far beyond that of the traditional cultivation method: the net photosynthetic rate of the seedlings can be improved by more than 2.5 times, the plant height can reach more than 2 times in a half year by using a traditional cultivation method, and the biomass accumulation of the seedlings after 3 years is more than 5 times of that of the seedlings by using a traditional seedling method; the growth performance of the garlic plant at each seedling age stage in which the garlic plant maintains a stable parasitic relationship with the superior host plant is continuously improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the growth of a plant of allium sativum; the garlic plant parasitizing the superior host, namely the Du-stem mountain with deep green leaves and luxuriant plant height is arranged in the back row; the front row is the same batch of garlic plant without host, the leaf is yellow, and the plant is short.

Detailed Description

Based on the root hemiparasitic characteristic of the garlic fruits and the selection preference of the garlic fruits to different host plants in different development stages, the growth performance of the garlic fruits is continuously improved by reasonably matching and planting the host plants in the key development stage of the garlic fruit plants and assisting scientific maintenance measures. The seedling stage is matched with the hosts to be beneficial to improving the survival rate of the seedlings, and the garlic fruits can continuously and well grow from the seedling stage to the adult stage by matching and planting good hosts suitable for different growth stages of the garlic fruits and maintaining the stable parasitic relationship between the garlic fruits and the hosts by the aid of scientific maintenance measures.

The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below by taking artemisia pseudo-rupestris, ledum rotundifolia and dalbergia odorifera as hosts of young seedling stage, seedling stage and adult stage of garlic fruit respectively. It is noted that the details described herein are only some of the embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by anyone without creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1 Effect of host mating on the growth Performance of Garlic plants

Example 1: the method for cultivating the garlic plant comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing and sowing seeds: garlic seeds which are collected from eosin county of Guannan province and township in 2017, 10 and 8 days, yunnan province are washed by clear water after peel removal, and are soaked in 50wt% carbendazim wettable powder diluted by 500 times for 25 to 30 min for surface disinfection, and the garlic seeds are naturally dried and stored in wet river sand with the water content of about 10wt% at normal temperature. In 2018, the humidity of river sand is gradually increased to about 15% at the beginning of 2 months, a large number of seeds germinate in 3 months, and hypocotyls break through seed coats. And transplanting the germinated seeds into seedling raising pots filled with leaf mold and red soil in a volume ratio of 3.

(2) In the seedling stage, artemisia pseudo-stems are used as hosts: when the seeds of the garlic bulbs are sowed, cutting seedlings of the artemisia pseudo-sieversiana are transplanted to serve as hosts of the garlic bulbs at the same time, the distance between the artemisia pseudo-sieversiana and the garlic bulbs is 8 cm, and 2 artemisia pseudo-sieversiana plants are planted in each pot. Watering once a week after transplanting, and watering nutrient solution once a week by 10% of the volume of the matrix; when the plant of the pseudo-wormwood is higher than the young garlic plant, the pseudo-wormwood is trimmed, and the plant of the garlic plant is not shielded.

(3) Transplanting and maintaining seedlings: the transplanting is completed after the garlic seedlings come out of the soil for one year. When transplanting, the seedling pot is cut open, the root system is properly trimmed when the root system has the packing phenomenon, so that the root system is in a relatively unfolded state and is transplanted together with the false artemisia. The transplanting area is preferably selected to have a good drainage area. Loosening soil in the planting area before transplanting, and mixing about 1 kg of farmyard manure with good maturity in each planting hole. Placing young garlic cloves and pseudo-wormwood in the center of a planting hole, righting the young garlic cloves, and backfilling soil to make the depth of the soil cover equal to the junction of roots and stems of the young garlic cloves. And irrigating water once per week within one month after transplanting the seedlings. For peripheral weeds, only the overground part is trimmed, and the root system is not disturbed.

(4) And (3) respectively planting superior hosts in the seedling stage and the adult stage: transplanting the Duhushan round leaves about 50 cm away from the garlic sprout plant after transplanting the garlic sprout for about 3 months; transplanting dalbergia odorifera seedlings at a distance of about 3 m from the allium sativum plants.

(5) Maintaining parasitic relationship and maintaining nursery stock for a long time: in the whole cultivation stage of the garlic cloves, the disturbance of the shallow root system is avoided as much as possible, the fertilization is carried out on the side far away from the host, and the weeding is mainly carried out in a mode of cutting the overground part so as to ensure the stability and the continuity of the parasitic relationship. When the host plant grows too vigorously to shield the garlic, the host tree crown is regularly trimmed. After transplanting the seedlings, applying ternary compound fertilizers with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 20.

Comparative example 1

Comparative example 1 was carried out exactly as in example 1, except that in comparative example 1, the garlic bulbs were not replanted with host plants. The comparative results show that the garlic cloves of example 1 show a significant improvement in survival rate, plant height, biomass and net photosynthetic rate at each seedling stage over the plants of comparative example 1.

The correlation results are given in the following table:

example 2 Effect of sowing of Co-planted hosts on the occurrence of the sucking device of garlic bulbs

Time profile of occurrence of allium sativum fruit suckers and responses thereof to host plants

(1) Preparing and sowing seeds: garlic seeds collected from Nandian Yanzhuangkun (23-44 'N, 105-09' E, altitude: 1469 m) in Guannan county of Yunnan province in 2019 months are washed with clear water after removing peel, soaked in 50wt% carbendazim wettable powder diluted by 500 times for 25 to 30 min for surface disinfection, and stored in perlite with the water content of about 10wt% at normal temperature after being naturally dried. The moisture of the perlite is gradually increased to about 15% from 1 month to 18 months in 2020, a large amount of seeds germinate in 6 months, and the hypocotyl breaks through the seed coat. Sowing the germinated seeds into a container filled with perlite: vermiculite =2 (volume ratio) in root box, 1 seed per pot.

(2) Planting false artemisia or not at the same sowing period: when sowing seeds of the garlic bulbs, transplanting cutting seedlings of the artemisia pseudo-sieversiana as hosts of the garlic bulbs at the same time, wherein the distance between the artemisia pseudo-sieversiana and the garlic bulbs is 8 cm, and planting 1 artemisia pseudo-sieversiana in each box; in the treatment without matching with the host, the planting position of the garlic fruit is the same as that of the matching with the artemisia pseudo-sieversiana. Watering the transplanted plants once a week, and watering the plants once a week by using Long Ashton standard nutrient solution with the volume of 10 percent of the matrix volume; when the plant of the pseudo-wormwood is higher than the young garlic fruit, the pseudo-wormwood is trimmed so as not to shield the garlic fruit plant.

(3) Observation and counting of number of suckers: the number of haustorium occurrences in the root box was observed weekly and recorded.

The results showed that young garlic sprouts continuously produced parasitic organs (i.e., haustoria) after 6 weeks of emergence. The allocation of host plants to them before was effective in increasing the number of aspirators that occurred (Table 2).

TABLE 2 influence of the matched host plants on the number and dynamic variation of young garlic sprout suckers

EXAMPLE 3 Effect of different NPK supply levels on the growth of Allium sativum plants

The cultivation method is completed according to the conditions of the embodiment 1, and the difference lies in the difference of the fertilization of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. To examine the nutrient demand preference of the allium sativum plants, annual plantlets were selected for testing, since the plants at this time are depleted of the nutrients stored in the seeds and are more responsive to nutrient supply. Taking out annual garlic fruit seedlings from a culture medium in 2019, 11 and 28 days, washing roots, measuring the base data such as plant height, stem base diameter, leaf number and the like, transplanting the seedlings to a root control pot (diameter: depth =19 cm, 20 cm): vermiculite =2 (volume ratio), nutrient solutions with different proportions are applied according to test design after two weeks of seedling revival, and the nutrient solutions are applied according to 10% of the volume of the culture medium every week. The nutrient treatment is designed as a three-factor three-level orthogonal test with three levels of N, P and K elements. On the basis of the LongAshton standard nutrient solution, the following steps are set: three nitrogen levels: nitrogen deficiency (-N), normal nitrogen (N), double nitrogen (2N); three phosphorus levels: phosphorus deficiency (-P), normal phosphorus (P), double phosphorus (2P) and three potassium levels: potassium deficiency (-K), normal potassium (K), double potassium (2K), for a total of 9 treatments.

Cultivation tests were carried out on a moving bed in a Kunming plant glass greenhouse (25 ℃ 08'22 "N, 102 ℃ 44' 23" E, elevation: 1990 m). The growth time of pouring different nutrient solutions to the plants is 12 days in 2019 and 12 days to 5 days in 2021 and 2 months, the total time is 421 days (13 months and 24 days), after nutrient treatment is carried out for 10 months, net photosynthetic rate measurement is carried out on the leaves of the garlic cloves, the plant height and the number of the leaves are measured after the test is finished, the growth increment of each plant relative to the plants before nutrient treatment is calculated, and the influence of different nutrient elements on the growth and physiological indexes of the garlic cloves and the interaction effect among the elements are revealed by utilizing the analysis of the variance of the three factors.

Research results show that nitrogen supply has extremely remarkable promoting effect on the increase of the plant height and the leaf number of the allium sativum and the photosynthetic capacity, and the supply levels of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer have obvious interaction effect (table 3). In all treatments, 2 times of nitrogen effect is generally good, the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio is 2, 1, and the effect is best (table 4), the potassium element has less influence on the garlic fruits, so the preferable potassium ratio in production is kept medium, and the compound fertilizer of N: P: K = 20.

TABLE 3 results of analysis of the three-factor variance of the effect of different NPK supply levels on the growth and physiological indicators of the Allium sativum plants

Note: the plant height increment represents incremental data obtained by subtracting the plant height at the beginning of the test from the plant height at the time of harvesting the plants, and the increment of the leaf number is the same. The black and bold font in the table indicates that the test factor has significance on the indexInfluence (P< 0.05) or very significant influence (P＜0.01）。

TABLE 4 influence of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply levels on growth and physiological index of garlic plant

Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for continuously improving the growth performance of garlic fruit plants is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) Selecting seeds with good maturity, storing and promoting germination, and sowing to obtain robust garlic fruit seedlings;

(2) Planting herbaceous host plants in the same period or seedling stage during sowing of the garlic fruits, so that the garlic fruits and the hosts successfully establish a parasitic relationship, the growth state of seedlings is improved, and the stress resistance level and the survival rate of the seedlings are improved, wherein the herbaceous host plants are one or more of compositae plants such as artemisia pseudo-argyi, artemisia argyi and canada pennywort;

(3) Transplanting the garlic young seedlings together with herbaceous host plants during transplanting, reducing disturbance to root systems during transplanting, and ensuring the stability of parasitic relations between the garlic young seedlings and the host plants, wherein the herbaceous host plants are one or more of compositae plants such as artemisia pseudo-argyi, artemisia argyi and canadian fleabane;

(4) And (2) co-planting host plants including one or more of callicarpa rotundifolia of Myrsinaceae, caragana sinica of Leguminosae, bauhinia variegata of Leguminosae, pistachio chinensis of Anacardiaceae and emblic leafflower of Euphorbiaceae and/or arbor host plants including one or more of Yunnan oil fir of Pinaceae, masson pine of Pinaceae, pterocarpus santalinus of Leguminosae, dalbergia odorifera of Leguminosae and camellia oleifera of Theaceae within one year after transplanting of the young garlic fruit seedlings, and fertilizing once in each of march and July, and fertilizing once in May and July for the garlic fruit plants which blossom and bear fruits, and fertilizing once in May and Wuyue, wherein the fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of 20.

2. The cultivation method for continuously improving the growth performance of the garlic fruit plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the whole cultivation stage of the garlic, maintenance measures for damaging the connection between the garlic and the root system of the host plant are avoided, the host plant cannot be removed, and the garlic and the host are properly fertilized to ensure the stability and the continuity of the parasitic relationship; when the plant of the host plant is higher than the garlic, the host plant is pruned to avoid competition between the host and the plant of the garlic.

3. The cultivation method for continuously improving the growth performance of the garlic fruit plants as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the young seedling stage of the garlic fruits refers to 6 weeks after the young seedlings come out of the soil; the herbaceous host plant is herbaceous host plant with developed root system, fast growth and trimming resistance, and has a spacing of 5-10 cm from seed or seedling of Bulbus Allii.

4. The cultivation method for sustainably improving the growth performance of allium sativum fruit plants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step (4), the host plant suitable for the seedling stage is a shrub plant which grows rapidly, is pruning resistant and adapts to the karst environment, and the distance between the shrub plant and the garlic plant is 30-50 cm; the host plant suitable for adult plant period is arbor plant with good economic value and suitable for afforestation, and the distance between the arbor plant and the garlic plant is 2-3 m.

5. The cultivation method for continuously improving the growth performance of the garlic fruit plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the seeds with good maturity refer to full seeds collected after the middle and late ten days of 9 months.

6. The cultivation method for continuously improving the growth performance of the garlic fruit plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: before the seeds are stored, 50wt% carbendazim wettable powder diluted by 500 times is soaked for 25 to 30 min for seed surface disinfection, and then the seeds are stored in river sand or perlite with the water content of 10 to 15wt%; gradually increasing the humidity of perlite or river sand in the next early spring to promote seed germination, and after the seeds germinate, sowing in the wet river sand or perlite seedbed to obtain bare-rooted seedlings with the spacing of 25 cm; or sowing in non-woven fabric bags filled with the matrix to obtain bagged seedlings, wherein each bag contains 1 seed.

7. The cultivation method for continuously improving the growth performance of the garlic fruit plants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), transplanting the young garlic seedlings is finished within half a year to two years of unearthing; the bare-rooted seedlings are required to reduce the damage to the root system during seedling lifting, and water-retaining materials are used for moisture retention during transportation; the non-woven cloth bag is cut off when the bagged seedlings are transplanted, and the root system is required to be cut off before the soil is covered to enable the root system to be in a relatively unfolded state in the case of packing.