CN107027574B

CN107027574B - Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting propagation method

Info

Publication number: CN107027574B
Application number: CN201710278218.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙廷�; 石战; 魏航; 郝雨; 王大用
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2017-04-25
Filing date: 2017-04-25
Publication date: 2020-06-09
Anticipated expiration: 2037-04-25
Also published as: CN107027574A

Abstract

The invention discloses a Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting propagation method, which comprises a series of methods of management of a cutting orchard, preparation management before cutting, collection of cutting slips, preparation of branches to be cut, cutting, maintenance management and the like. After the cuttage of each ridge is finished, immediately spraying water, covering a small arch shed on the ridge, keeping the humidity of the matrix at about 80%, and keeping the temperature at 28-35 ℃; shading treatment is carried out by adopting a 75% shading net for 7-10 months, primary sterilization treatment is carried out for 7-10 days, callus is formed at the base of the cutting shoot for 7-10 days, 5-7 new roots grow out in 15-20 days, axillary buds germinate, matrix and air humidity are controlled, a small arched shed film is removed, seedling hardening is carried out step by step for 30-35 days, and seedling emergence can be carried out by broussonetia papyrifera. Compared with the prior art, the invention effectively solves the problems of shortage and source of seedlings, and has the advantages of fast cuttage rooting, high rooting rate, short seedling period, fast propagation, easy outplanting, neat and consistent seedlings, low cost and high planting survival rate.

Description

Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting propagation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of horticultural cultivation, in particular to a Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting propagation method.

Background

Broussonetia papyrifera is a fast-growing broad-leaved wood species, a fallen leaf arbor, belongs to the Moraceae and the Broussonetia genus, can be used as a tree species for greening and water and soil conservation, and has extremely high economic value: the broussonetia papyrifera is easy to cultivate, is planted in the same year and harvested in the same year, belongs to tree species in an ultra-short rotation felling period, has a felling period of 3-4 months, can sprout after felling, is planted in 1 year and harvested in successive years, has low production cost and quick fund turnover, and is beneficial to planting and popularization of farmers. The broussonetia papyrifera has strong adaptability, drought resistance and thin ridge, good growth in hills and beaches, and salt and alkali resistance (the salt resistance of the mulberry plant per se can reach 3 per mill), and can be used as a greening, water and soil conservation tree species and an economic tree species. Adopting a high-density cultivation technology, and producing 200 kg of bast fiber, 1500 kg of wood stalk and 1500 kg of high-quality feed leaves per mu; the broussonetia papyrifera bast paper pulp is leading in China, and the average length of the broussonetia papyrifera bast fiber is 7.84 mm, which is 23.2% higher than that of the broussonetia papyrifera bast fiber belonging to the same genus of China, the pulping rate is more than 80%, the pulp is cooked at normal pressure, the primary pulp is not bleached, and the whiteness is more than 85%. The pulping rate is high, the cost is reduced, the production cycle of the broussonetia papyrifera is short, the wood pole of the broussonetia papyrifera produces 1500 kilograms per mu per year, the produced wood pulp is 1200 kilograms, the whiteness of the primary pulp reaches more than 80 percent, and the pulping rate is more than 85 percent. The growth period of the poplar is shortened by 3-4 times compared with that of fast growing poplar. Meanwhile, when the Broussonetia papyrifera seeds are used for producing the wood pulp, the alkali consumption is only 30 percent of that of the produced straw pulp, the water consumption is only 20 percent of that of the straw pulp, and the industrial water can be recycled, so that the pollution index is reduced by more than 60 percent compared with that of the produced straw pulp.

The broussonetia papyrifera leaf feed is rich in nutrition. According to the determination, the content of the crude protein of the broussonetia papyrifera leaves is 23.48 percent (twice of that of bran), and the broussonetia papyrifera leaves contains trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese and the like, and is a high-quality feed for animals and fishes. At present, the seedling demand is huge, and the production requirement is difficult to meet by natural root division and layering propagation. The traditional method for broussonetia papyrifera propagation is root cutting and hardwood cutting, wherein the root cutting needs digging an original plantation, needs a large amount of manpower and material resources and damages the garden land; the survival rate of hardwood cutting is very low, root cutting and hardwood cutting can be carried out only once every year, the growth is irregular, the growth vigor is poor, the period of outplanting is long, the propagation speed is slow, and the propagation cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects, the invention aims to provide the Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting propagation method, which can effectively improve the rooting rate of Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting, and has the characteristics of quick rooting, short seedling period, quick propagation, easy outplanting, neat and consistent seedlings, low cost, high planting survival rate and the like, and seedlings have better growth vigor and nutrition.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) and managing the ear picking garden. Selecting a soil with a deep soil layer and fertile soil to establish a scion picking garden, periodically fertilizing and managing water, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, so that the Broussonetia papyrifera parent tree to be scion picked can be ensured to grow robustly and has strong stress resistance, and the Broussonetia papyrifera parent tree is easy to root when cutting;

2) preparing and managing before cuttage: making high ridges in a common plastic greenhouse, wherein the height of the ridge is 15-20 cm, the width of the ridge is 120cm, and a micro-spraying system is arranged in the middle of the ridge; according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 4: the method comprises the following steps of 1, selecting perlite, rice chaff, peat and tobacco powder which are subjected to crushing treatment as substrates, adding 2.5kg of chinaberry seed powder into each cubic meter, preparing the substrates according to the formula, keeping water, ventilating, rich in nutrition, easy to root and grow nursery stock, expelling insects and sterilizing simultaneously, avoiding the growth of germs in the cuttings and causing rot, preparing a non-woven fabric substrate container after uniform mixing, wherein the diameter of the non-woven fabric substrate container is 4-5 cm, the height of the non-woven fabric substrate container is 7-8 cm, the non-woven fabric substrate container is placed on the surface of a furrow, and the root system can directly permeate the growth of the non-woven fabric substrate container, so that the non-woven.

3) And (3) cutting collection: collecting strong-growing, disease and insect pest-free broussonetia papyrifera new branches with 6-8 leaves at the upper part in the morning or evening from the first ten days of 5 months to the middle of 10 months, removing 2-3 tender parts of leaves at the top end with poor lignification, selecting 3-5 leaf branches in the middle with high cuttage rooting rate and fast rooting for cuttage, and keeping the water of the cutting slips once in fog every 30 minutes in the cutting slip treatment process to prevent water loss;

4) preparing branches to be cut: cutting the branches obtained in the step 3) to 4-5 cm long by using pruning shears, wherein each branch is provided with one leaf, the upper part of each leaf is provided with a branch of 1cm, the lower part of each leaf is provided with a branch of 3-4 cm, and the leaves are trimmed into a nearly equilateral triangle with the side length of 2-4 cm, so that the partial photosynthesis capability of the leaves is ensured, and the excessive water loss caused by the transpiration of the leaves is prevented;

5) cuttage: quickly dipping the branches obtained in the step 4) in a mixed solution of 400mg/L indolebutyric acid and 500mg/L naphthylacetic acid for 3-5 seconds, and then cutting the branches in a non-woven fabric substrate container, wherein the cutting depth is 1-2 cm, the cutting depth is too deep, the air permeability is poor, the rooting time is long, the cutting is too shallow and easy to fall down, and the water of the cutting slips is kept every 30 minutes in the cutting process to prevent water loss;

6) maintenance management: after the cuttage of each ridge is finished, immediately spraying water, covering a small arch shed on the ridge, keeping the humidity of the matrix to be about 80 percent, keeping the relative humidity of air in the small arch shed to be 80-95 percent, and keeping the temperature to be 28-35 ℃; shading treatment is carried out by adopting a 75% shading net in 7-10 months, primary sterilization treatment is carried out for 7-10 days, callus is formed at the base of the cutting shoot in 7-10 days, 5-7 new roots grow out in 15-20 days, axillary buds germinate, matrix and air humidity are controlled, a small arched shed film is removed, seedling hardening is carried out step by step, the seedling grows robustly and adapts to the field environment, seedling emergence can be carried out in 30-35 days, the broussonetia papyrifera with smooth leaves can be transplanted in a container with non-woven fabrics, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%.

Collecting Broussonetia papyrifera new branches with 6-8 leaves at the upper part in the step 3), and considering the aspects of aging of partial branches below 8-9 leaves, empty middle pulp and difficult rooting; the method is characterized in that 2-3 tender parts of the top leaves with poor lignification are removed, and the tender parts are based on the tender parts at the top, so that the lignification degree is low, the nutrition storage is less, and the problems of easy water loss and withering and death are solved; the water fog is carried out once every 30 minutes in the cutting treatment process, considering that the Broussonetia papyrifera leaves are large and thin, the water retention capacity is poor, and once the leaves are dehydrated, the rooting and survival of the cutting are influenced.

By adopting the method, broussonetia papyrifera can be propagated for 5-6 periods every year, the seedlings are 25-35 cm high, 5-7 new roots are provided, the roots are more than 10cm long, the seedlings are neat and consistent, then the seedlings are transplanted to a field together with a non-woven fabric substrate, the survival rate is more than 90%, and the problems of shortage and source of the seedlings are effectively solved; the transplanting survival rate reaches over 90 percent, the transplanting survival rate is advanced to the forefront of domestic and overseas application, and the transplanting survival rate has important significance for the continuous utilization of barren mountains, hills, river shoal lands and saline-alkali soil in arid areas and the paper-making and livestock-raising industries by pulp.

Compared with the prior art, the traditional Broussonetia papyrifera root cutting and hard branch cutting propagation method is changed, the unique method is creatively adopted for propagation, the problems of shortage and source of seedlings are effectively solved, and the method has the advantages of quick cutting rooting, high rooting rate, short seedling period, quick propagation, easy outplanting, regular and consistent seedlings, low cost and high planting survival rate.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.

A Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting propagation method is realized by the following steps:

1) and managing the ear picking garden. Selecting a soil with a deep soil layer and fertile soil to establish a spike picking garden, carrying out fertilizer and water management at regular intervals, and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests;

2) and (5) preparing for management before cuttage. Making high ridges in a common plastic greenhouse, wherein the height of the ridges is 15-20 cm, the width of the ridges is 120cm, and a micro-spraying system is made in the middle of the ridges; according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 4: 1, selecting crushed perlite, rice chaff, peat and tobacco powder as matrixes, adding 2.5kg of chinaberry seed powder into each cubic meter of the matrixes, uniformly mixing the mixture to prepare a non-woven fabric matrix container, wherein the diameter of the non-woven fabric matrix container is 4-5 cm, the height of the non-woven fabric matrix container is 7-8 cm, and the non-woven fabric matrix container is placed on the surface of a furrow;

3) and (3) cutting collection: collecting strong and disease and pest free Broussonetia papyrifera new branches with 6-8 leaves in the morning or evening from the first ten days of 5 months to the middle of 10 months, removing 2-3 tender parts of the leaves at the top, wherein the tender parts are poor in lignification, the branches with 3-5 leaves in the middle are better, the rooting rate of cuttage is high, and the rooting is fast;

4) cutting the middle part of the scion to 4 cm-5 cm long by using pruning shears, reserving one leaf for each scion, reserving 1cm at the upper part of the leaf, reserving 3-4 cm at the lower part of the leaf, trimming the leaf into an approximately equilateral triangle with the side length of about 3cm, and quickly dipping in 400mg/L indolebutyric acid and 500mg/L naphthylacetic acid for 3-5 seconds. Fog is carried out once every 30 minutes in the cutting collection and treatment process, the moisture of the cutting is kept, and the cutting is prevented from losing water:

5) cuttage: cutting the cutting slips in a non-woven fabric substrate container, wherein the cutting depth is 1-2 cm;

6) maintenance management: after the cuttage of each ridge is finished, immediately spraying water, covering a small arch shed on the ridge, keeping the humidity of the matrix to be about 80 percent, keeping the relative humidity of air in the small arch shed to be 80-95 percent, and keeping the temperature to be 28-35 ℃; shading treatment is carried out by adopting a 75% shading net in 7-10 months, primary sterilization treatment is carried out in 7-10 days, callus is formed at the base of the cutting shoot in 7-10 days, 5-7 new roots grow out in 15-20 days, axillary buds germinate, the matrix and air humidity are controlled, a small arched shed film is removed, seedling hardening is carried out step by step for 30-35 days, seedling emergence can be carried out by broussonetia papyrifera, 5-6 periods of the broussonetia papyrifera can be propagated every year, the seedling height is 25-35 cm, the new roots are 5-7, the root length is more than 10cm, the field is transplanted with the non-woven fabric matrix, and the survival rate is more than 90%.

By adopting the Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cuttage propagation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cultured Broussonetia papyrifera seedlings have high rooting rate and uniform growth, and after hardening-seedling and transplanting, the seedlings have high survival rate, strong growth and solid stems.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and modifications, modifications or equivalents thereof, which may occur to those skilled in the art, are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Broussonetia papyrifera green branch cutting propagation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) managing the ear picking garden: selecting a soil with a deep soil layer and fertile soil to establish a spike picking garden, carrying out fertilizer and water management at regular intervals, and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests;

2) preparing and managing before cuttage: making high ridges in a common plastic greenhouse, wherein the height of the ridge is 15-20 cm, the width of the ridge is 120cm, and a micro-spraying system is arranged in the middle of the ridge; according to the volume ratio of 3: 2: 4: 1, selecting crushed perlite, rice chaff, peat and tobacco powder as matrixes, adding 2.5kg of chinaberry seed powder into each cubic meter of the matrixes, uniformly mixing the mixture to prepare a non-woven fabric matrix container, wherein the diameter of the prepared non-woven fabric matrix container is 4-5 cm, the height of the prepared non-woven fabric matrix container is 7-8 cm, and the prepared non-woven fabric matrix container is placed on the surface of a ridge;

3) and (3) cutting collection: collecting strong-growing, disease and pest-free and broussonetia papyrifera new branches with 6-8 leaves in the morning or evening from the first ten days of 5 months to the middle of 10 months, removing 2-3 tender parts of the top leaves with poor lignification, selecting middle 3-5 leaf branches with high cuttage rooting rate and fast rooting for cuttage, and keeping the water of the cutting slips once every 30 minutes in the cutting slip treatment process to prevent water loss;

4) preparing branches to be cut: cutting the branches obtained in the step 3) to 4-5 cm long by using pruning shears, wherein each branch is provided with one leaf, the upper part of each leaf is provided with a branch of 1cm, the lower part of each leaf is provided with a branch of 3-4 cm, and the leaves are trimmed into an approximately equilateral triangle with the side length of 2-4 cm;

5) cuttage: quickly dipping the branches obtained in the step 4) in a mixed solution of 400mg/L indolebutyric acid and 500mg/L naphthylacetic acid for 3-5 seconds, and then cutting the branches in a non-woven fabric substrate container with the cutting depth of 1-2 cm, wherein the water is sprayed once every 30 minutes in the cutting process, so that the water content of the cutting slips is kept, and the water loss is prevented;

6) maintenance management: after the cuttage of each ridge is finished, immediately spraying water, covering a small arch shed on the ridge, keeping the humidity of the matrix to be about 80 percent, keeping the relative humidity of air in the small arch shed to be 80-95 percent, and keeping the temperature to be 28-35 ℃; shading treatment is carried out by adopting a 75% shading net for 7-10 months, primary sterilization treatment is carried out for 7-10 days, callus is formed at the base of the cutting shoot for 7-10 days, 5-7 new roots grow out in 15-20 days, axillary buds germinate, matrix and air humidity are controlled, a small arched shed film is removed, seedling hardening is carried out step by step for 30-35 days, and seedling emergence can be carried out by broussonetia papyrifera.