CN115885706A

CN115885706A - Method for cultivating pepper trees

Info

Publication number: CN115885706A
Application number: CN202211455285.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李强; 任云; 陈泽雄; 刘静; 刘霞
Original assignee: Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
Current assignee: Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
Priority date: 2022-11-21
Filing date: 2022-11-21
Publication date: 2023-04-04
Also published as: WO2023169058A1

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating pepper trees, which comprises the steps of seedling cultivation, transplanting and trimming. According to the method, the survival rate of the pepper trees is improved through cutting seedling raising, transplanting and trimming, and the high seedling raising survival rate and the high transplanting survival rate are obtained, so that the growth and the yield of the pepper trees are promoted.

Description

Method for cultivating pepper trees

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating pepper trees.

Background

The zanthoxylum bungeanum belongs to deciduous shrubs, is 3-7 m high, and has skin prickles generally enlarged on stems; branch gray or brown gray, fine skin pores and slightly obliquely upward skin thorns; collected before and after mid-autumn festival. It is better to collect the plants after mid-autumn festival, and the plants are planted in mountain lands from plain to high altitude, and in Qinghai and on sloping fields with an altitude of 2500 m. It is drought-enduring, enjoys the sun and is planted in various fields. Production is available in most areas of the country. The production area is from the northeast of the province, the north slope of the five mountains from the south of the province, the coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang from the south of the east, and the southwest of the west to the southeast of the Tibet; taiwan, hainan and Guangdong do not produce. The medicinal value of the pepper is as follows: warming middle energizer to alleviate pain, killing parasites to relieve itching. Can be used for treating abdominal psychroalgia, emesis, diarrhea, abdominal pain due to parasitic infestation, and ascariasis; it can be used for treating eczema and pruritus.

At present, most of Chinese prickly ash plants are directly cultivated by a sowing mode, the survival rate and the yield are not ideal, and the specific planting mode is as follows:

airing the seeds, spreading the seeds on an open land or a reed mat for airing, removing the seeds after the seed coats crack naturally, removing impurities, drying the seeds in the shade, putting the seeds into water which is 2 times more than the seeds, stirring and standing for half an hour, and removing floating impurities to obtain the seeds; degreasing with alkaline water or washing powder water, soaking seeds in boiled water, storing the seeds in a gauze, degreasing and the like, and then sowing;

the sowing time is spring sowing and autumn sowing, generally autumn sowing is selected, the sowing method generally adopts drill sowing, and the sowing quantity is 10-15 kg/mu;

and (4) after sowing, managing, including grass covering and soil moisture conservation, thinning and final singling, topdressing in the seedling stage, pest control and the like.

The emergence rate of the traditional sowing mode is low, so that the final yield of the pepper is directly influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the cultivation method of the pepper tree, provided by the invention, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved through cutting seedling raising, the time cost is saved, and the survival rate of the pepper tree is improved through transplanting and pruning processes.

The invention provides a method for cultivating pepper trees, which comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps:

s1, cutting and seedling raising: preparing a slotting machine, preparing seedling raising matrix, disinfecting and subpackaging for later use;

the seedling culture medium is prepared from peat, river sand, perlite and fishbone powder according to the mass ratio of 1-2: 1 to 2:1 to 2: 1-2 are mixed;

selecting 1-2 years old thick branches on disease-free pepper trees, collecting 16-24 cm cuttings, placing the lower half parts of the cuttings in a naphthylacetic acid solution for soaking for 2-6 h, then inserting the cuttings into a seedling culture medium, and culturing for 40-60 days to obtain pepper tree seedlings;

s2, transplanting: digging planting holes with the length, width and depth of 50-60 cm in the pepper garden, reserving surface soil within 30cm of the surface layer when the holes are formed, uniformly mixing the surface soil and a growth promoting fertilizer according to a mass ratio of 2-3, backfilling the mixture into the planting holes, compacting the mixture, and then transplanting pepper tree seedlings in a triangular planting mode;

the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from azotobacter, GGR6 rooting powder, humus, grass peat and decomposed farmyard manure according to the mass ratio of 0.01-0.05 g: 0.02-0.07 g: 15-20g;

spraying urea aqueous solution on leaf surfaces in a bud stage, a flowering stage and a fruiting stage respectively;

s3, trimming: respectively carrying out seedling trimming, winter trimming and shaping.

Further, in S1, annual thick and strong branches are selected from branches collected from cuttings.

Further, in S1, the seedling culture substrate is prepared from peat, river sand, perlite and fishbone powder according to a mass ratio of 2:2:1:1, mixing and preparing.

Further, in S1, the concentration of the naphthylacetic acid solution is 100-150 ppm.

Further, the mass fraction of the urea aqueous solution is 0.4-0.6%.

Further, in S2, the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from azotobacter, GGR6 rooting powder, humus, grass peat and decomposed farmyard manure according to the mass ratio of 0.03g:0.02g: 20g.

Further, in S3, the seedling trimming step is: the trunk cutting height is 25-35 cm, when the new shoots grow to 10-30 cm, 3-5 branches which are uniformly distributed and grow strongly are selected as main branches, the main branches are opened at an angle of 40-60 degrees, the upper main branches and the lower main branches are staggered, if the main branches grow vertically, the main branches can be opened by adopting a branch pulling method, the rest new shoots are completely pinched, and the other branches grow horizontally by adopting a branch pulling method.

Further, in S3, the main branch opening angle is 50-55 degrees.

Further, in S3, the winter pruning step specifically includes: observing the tree vigor, properly thinning partial branches of main branches with strong growth vigor, slowly releasing more branches, slightly cutting short branches, thinning more branches and less branches of weak main branches, increasing the branch quantity, shearing the lengthened branches of skeletal branches to keep the length of 35-45 cm, selecting and keeping a first side branch on the main branches, wherein the distance between the first side branch and the trunk is 20-30 cm, the side branch is preferably selected on the oblique upper side, and the horizontal included angle between the side branch and the main branch is 40-45 degrees.

Further, the shaping step specifically comprises: and trimming the second layer of lateral branches of each main branch, wherein the trimming length is 55-65 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the method, the seedling raising substrate is prepared from peat, river sand, perlite and fishbone meal, and the naphthalene acetic acid solution of the cutting slips is soaked before cuttage, so that the seedling raising survival rate of the pepper is improved and can reach 98%, and compared with seedling raising in a sowing mode, the survival rate is higher than 30%.

2. According to the method, the high-efficiency planting of the pepper trees is realized by combining a cutting seedling raising means with transplanting and pruning, the transplanting survival rate of the pepper trees is improved, and compared with farmyard manure, the transplanting survival rate is improved by about 13.3%.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for cultivating pepper trees

1. Cutting seedling raising

1. Preparing a seedling culture substrate: preparing a seedling culture substrate: peat, river sand, perlite and fishbone powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:2:1:1, uniformly mixing to obtain a seedling culture substrate, and subpackaging the seedling culture substrate in a cuttage bed with a bottom temperature for later use after disinfection;

2. collecting cutting slips: selecting 1 year-old thick and strong branches with 2 tender shoots from 3 years pepper trees without diseases and insect pests and with many fruits, cutting to obtain 16cm cuttings, cutting the upper end of each cutting to be flat, cutting the lower end of each cutting to be horse ear-shaped, and cutting the upper end of each cutting to be smooth, wherein the distance between the upper cutting and a bud eye is 1.0cm;

3. cutting treatment: placing 5cm lower half part of the cutting into naphthylacetic acid solution with concentration of 100ppm, soaking for 6h, cutting in 3-month middle ten days, obliquely inserting the cutting into seedling substrate during cutting, spraying water, and keeping moist.

And recording and calculating the survival rate and the rooting number of pepper seedlings after 40 days of cultivation.

2. Transplanting

1. Land preparation: selecting an area with sandy soil, thick soil layer, loose soil and good drainage as a pepper garden, selecting a sloping field with the slope of about 10 degrees at the position of the pepper garden, digging out planting holes with the length, width and depth of 60cm, reserving surface soil within 30cm of the surface layer during digging, uniformly mixing the surface soil and the growth promoting fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 3.

The growth promoting fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.05 of azotobacter, 0.07g of No. 6 double-girl (GGR) rooting powder, 20g of humus, 10g of grass peat and 40g of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure;

the azotobacter is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.10821;

the shuangjier (GGR) 6 rooting powder was purchased from the itaka agent complex (naobao).

2. Seedling cultivation: selecting fixed stems and cut tips of the pepper seedlings with fully lignified branch tips (part of branches and leaves are cut off), placing the fixed stems and cut tips into planting holes to enable root systems of the pepper seedlings to be unfolded, then filling surface soil, enabling the roots of the pepper seedlings to be higher than the ground in the transplanting process, adopting a triangular planting mode, and properly trimming the tips of the seedlings after the transplanting is finished.

Topdressing: spraying 0.6 mass percent of urea aqueous solution on leaf surfaces in a bud stage, a flowering stage and a fruiting stage respectively.

And recording after observing for 2 months and calculating the survival rate after transplanting.

3. Pruning

1. Pruning saplings: the method comprises the following steps of (1) fixing the trunk of a seedling, cutting the trunk to be 35cm in height, when a new branch grows to be 30cm, primarily selecting 3 branches which are uniformly distributed and grow robustly as main branches, opening the main branches to form an angle of 40 degrees, staggering the upper main branch and the lower main branch, if the main branches grow vertically, opening the main branches by adopting a branch pulling method, pinching all the rest new branches, and horizontally growing other branches by adopting the branch pulling method to relieve tree vigor and increase tree nutrition accumulation;

2. shearing in winter: observing the tree vigor before the transplanting in winter in the second year, properly thinning and removing partial branches of main branches with strong growth vigor, slightly cutting weak main branches, increasing the branch quantity, cutting lengthened branches of bone trunk branches to 45cm, selecting and keeping a first side branch on the main branches, wherein the distance between the first side branch and the main branch is 20cm, the side branch is preferably selected to be on the oblique upper side, and the horizontal included angle between the side branch and the main branch is 45 degrees;

3. shaping: and trimming the second layer of lateral branches of each main branch in spring of the third year after transplanting, wherein the trimming length is 65cm.

Example 2

The present embodiment provides a method for cultivating pepper trees, which has the following steps basically the same as those in embodiment 1, except that:

1. cutting seedling raising

1. The seedling culture medium is prepared from peat, river sand, perlite and fishbone powder according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1:2, uniformly mixing to obtain the mixture;

2. and (3) cutting collection: selecting 1 year-old strong branch with 3 tender shoots from 2 years old pricklyash trees without plant diseases and insect pests and with more fruiting, cutting to obtain 24cm cutting slips, cutting to flat upper end and horse ear shape lower end, and cutting to smooth upper cut 2.0cm away from bud eye

3. And (3) cutting treatment: placing 3cm lower part of the cutting into 150ppm naphthylacetic acid solution, soaking for 2h, cutting in 3 month middle, inserting the cutting into seedling substrate obliquely during cutting, spraying water, and keeping wet.

2. Transplanting

1. The planting holes are 50cm long, wide and deep, surface soil with the surface layer within 30cm is reserved during digging, the surface soil and the growth promoting fertilizer are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 2.

The growth promoting fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.01 g of azotobacter, 0.02g of No. 6 double-girl (GGR) rooting powder, 15g of humus, 12g of grass carbon and 30g of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure.

The mass fraction of the urea aqueous solution is 0.4%.

3. Pruning

1. Pruning saplings: the trunk of the seedling is determined, the trunk cutting height is 25cm, when a new tip grows to 10-30 cm, 5 branches which are uniformly distributed and strongly grown are selected as main branches, and the opening angle of the main branches is 60 degrees;

2. and (3) winter pruning: observing the tree vigor before the transplanting in winter in the second year, properly thinning and removing partial branches of main branches with strong growth vigor, slightly cutting weak main branches, cutting more and less branches, increasing the branch quantity, cutting the lengthened branches of bone trunk branches to be 35cm long, selecting and keeping a first side branch on the main branches, wherein the distance between the first side branch and the main branch is 30cm, the side branch is preferably selected to be on the oblique upper side, and the horizontal included angle between the side branch and the main branch is 40 degrees;

3. shaping: and in spring of the third year after transplanting, trimming the second layer of lateral branches of each main branch, and keeping the trimming length to be 55cm.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a method for cultivating pepper trees, which has the same specific steps as embodiment 1, except that:

1. cutting seedling raising

1. The seedling culture medium is prepared from peat, river sand, perlite and fishbone powder according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1:2, uniformly mixing to obtain the product;

2. collecting cutting slips: selecting 1 year-old strong branch with 3 tender shoots from 2 years old pricklyash trees without plant diseases and insect pests and with more fruiting, cutting to obtain 24cm cutting slips, cutting to flat upper end and horse ear shape lower end, and cutting to smooth upper cut 2.0cm away from bud eye

3. And (3) cutting treatment: placing 3cm of the lower half part of the scion in a naphthylacetic acid solution with the concentration of 150ppm for soaking for 2h, performing cuttage in the middle 3 months, obliquely inserting the scion into a seedling culture substrate during cuttage, spraying water, and keeping the scion moist.

2. Transplanting

The mass fraction of the urea aqueous solution is 0.4%.

3. Pruning (pruning)

1. Pruning the saplings: the trunk of the seedling is determined, the trunk cutting height is 30cm, 4 branches which are uniformly distributed and grow strongly are initially selected as main branches when the young shoots grow to 20cm, and the opening angle of the main branches is 50 degrees;

2. and (3) winter pruning: observing the tree vigor before the transplanting in winter in the second year, properly thinning and removing partial branches of main branches with strong growth vigor, slightly cutting weak main branches, cutting more and less branches, increasing the branch quantity, cutting the lengthened branches of bone trunk branches to be 40cm long, selecting and keeping a first side branch on the main branches, wherein the distance between the first side branch and the main branch is 25cm, the side branch is preferably selected to be on the oblique upper side, and the horizontal included angle between the side branch and the main branch is 42 degrees;

3. shaping: and trimming the second layer of lateral branches of each main branch in spring of the third year after transplanting, wherein the trimming length is 60cm.

The above examples 1 to 3 are specific examples of the present invention, and the number of cuttings collected in each example was 160.

Comparative example 1

Comparative example 1 provides a method for cultivating pepper trees, which has the same specific steps as example 1, except that:

the cuttage seedling raising is not carried out, the seeding mode is adopted for seedling raising, and the specific seeding method is the drilling of the prior art record (Zhai army hucho. Pepper seeding and seedling raising technology [ J ]), and specifically comprises the following steps: the sowing adopts drilling, the row spacing is 25cm, the depth of the ditch is 5cm, the seeds are uniformly scattered into the ditch, the soil on the two sides is planted on the ditch, the germination condition of the seeds is checked after the spring is started, 12kg of the seeds after degreasing and accelerating germination is used for each mu, and the seedling emergence rate (equivalent to the seedling survival rate in the example 1) is recorded and calculated after 2 months.

Comparative example 2

Comparative example 2 provides a method for cultivating pepper trees, which has the same specific steps as example 1, except that:

and in the second part, the growth promoting fertilizer is replaced by rotten farmyard manure with the same mass in the transplanting process.

1. Preliminary experimental study

The influence of the formation time of the new branch on the survival rate of the cutting seedlings;

dividing into three groups, namely group A, group B and group C, wherein group A selects 1-year-old branches on zanthoxylum bungeanum tree to collect cuttings (15 branches); b group selects branches of 2 years on the zanthoxylum bungeanum tree to collect cutting slips (15 branches); c, selecting 3-year-old branches on the zanthoxylum bungeanum tree to collect cutting slips (15 branches); the specific cutting steps are the same as those in example 1, and the survival rate and the root number of pepper seedlings are recorded and calculated after 40 days of cultivation.

TABLE 1 influence of formation time of new shoot on survival rate of cutting seedling

Grouping	Average root number (root)	Survival rate (%)
			Group A	4.4	100％
Group B	3.6	93％
			Group C	3.1	86％

As can be seen from Table 1, the formation time of the new shoot greatly affects the survival rate and the number of roots of the cutting seedling, and the use of 1 year-old shoots is favorable for improving the average number of roots and the survival rate.

TABLE 2 survival rate of the seedlings grown according to the invention

Examples	Survival rate of seedling	Survival rate of transplantation	Average root number	Average rooting rate
					Example 1	98.0％	90％	4.5	100％
Example 2	96.0％	87％	4.4	98％
					Example 3	97.3％	86％	4.1	98％
Comparative example 1	68.0％	-	-	-
					Comparative example 2	96.7％	76％	4.2	97％

The survival rate of the cutting seedling of the examples 1-3 and the seedling emergence rate of the comparative examples 1-2 are recorded in the table 2, and as can be seen from the table 2, the survival rate of the examples 1-3 of the invention is greatly improved by the cutting seedling method, wherein the survival rate of the example 1 is the highest and reaches 98%;

compared with the comparative example 1, the survival rate of the cutting seedling raising is far greater than the emergence rate of the sowing, and the cutting method provided by the invention shortens the whole seedling raising process, and obviously improves the emergence rate (namely the survival rate), and the survival rate of the cutting method provided by the invention is about 30% higher than that of the sowing seedling raising method.

Compared with the comparative example 2, the growth promoting fertilizer used by the invention obviously improves the transplanting survival rate of the pepper, and is about 13.3 percent higher than the transplanting survival rate of common decomposed farmyard manure.

It should be noted that the steps and methods adopted in the claims of the present invention are the same as those of the above-mentioned embodiments, and for the sake of avoiding redundancy, the present invention describes the preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they learn the basic inventive concept. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating pepper trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, cutting seedling: preparing a cutting bed, preparing a seedling raising matrix, sterilizing and subpackaging for later use;

selecting 1-2 years old thick branches of disease-free pepper trees, collecting 16-24 cm cuttings, soaking the lower half parts of the cuttings in a naphthylacetic acid solution for 2-6 h, then inserting the cuttings into a seedling substrate, and culturing for 40-60 days to obtain pepper tree seedlings;

the growth promoting fertilizer comprises azotobacter, GGR6 rooting powder, humus, grass carbon and decomposed farmyard manure according to the mass ratio of 0.01-0.05 g: 0.02-0.07 g: 15-20g, 10-15g;

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the shoot from which the cutting is taken is selected from an annual thick branch.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein in S1, the seedling raising substrate is formed by mixing peat, river sand, perlite and fishbone meal according to a mass ratio of 2:2:1:1, mixing and preparing.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of the naphthylacetic acid solution in S1 is 100 to 150ppm.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the mass fraction of the urea aqueous solution in S2 is 0.4 to 0.6%.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein in S2, the growth promoting fertilizer is prepared from azotobacter, GGR6 rooting powder, humus, grass peat and decomposed farmyard manure according to a mass ratio of 0.03g:0.02g: 20g.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the seedling trimming step is: the trunk cutting height is 25-35 cm, when the new shoots grow to 10-30 cm, 3-5 branches which are uniformly distributed and strongly grow are initially selected as main branches, the opening angle of the main branches is 40-60 degrees, the upper main branches and the lower main branches are staggered, if the main branches grow vertically, the main branches can be opened by adopting a branch pulling method, the rest new shoots are all pinched, and the other branches grow horizontally by adopting a branch pulling method.

8. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in S3, the main branch opening angle is 50-55 °.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the winter pruning step is specifically: observing the tree vigor, properly thinning and removing partial branches of main branches with strong growth vigor, slowly releasing more branches, slightly cutting short branches, thinning more branches and less branches of weak main branches, increasing the branch quantity, shearing and reserving the length of extended branches of skeletal branches, shearing and reserving 35-45 cm, selecting and reserving a first side branch on the main branches, wherein the distance between the first side branch and the main branch is 20-30 cm, the side branch is preferably selected on the oblique upper side, and the horizontal included angle between the side branch and the main branch is 40-45 degrees.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the shaping step specifically comprises: and trimming the second layer of lateral branches of each main branch, wherein the trimming length is 55-65 cm.