CN113229014A - Low-dry flat-unfolding four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and bamboo leaf zanthoxylum bungeanum - Google Patents
Low-dry flat-unfolding four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and bamboo leaf zanthoxylum bungeanum Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229014A CN113229014A CN202010791304.XA CN202010791304A CN113229014A CN 113229014 A CN113229014 A CN 113229014A CN 202010791304 A CN202010791304 A CN 202010791304A CN 113229014 A CN113229014 A CN 113229014A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-dry flat-spread four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum and bamboo leaf zanthoxylum in the field of forestry cultivation methods, which comprises the following steps of 1: for the first pruned tree, reserving 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions on a trunk, keeping an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the ground, completely pruning the rest main branches, and reserving side branches on 4 main branches as fruiting branches for the pruned tree; step 2: selecting a row of trees in the nth year, cutting off all lateral branches of the trees, harvesting clusters or not harvesting the clusters in the adjacent row, alternately harvesting the rest rows in the mode, performing branch harvesting on the clusters or the non-harvested rows in the nth +1 year, performing cluster harvesting or not harvesting on the branch harvested rows, and the like, wherein after the method is used, the yield per mu can be improved by more than 100%, and the alternate harvesting method in an interlaced manner improves the harvesting efficiency, ensures the maturity of the harvested green peppers and improves the quality of the green peppers; on the other hand, the trees are fruited every other year, the land and the trees are recovered, and sustainable management is facilitated.
Description
Field of the method
The invention relates to the technical field of forestry cultivation methods, in particular to a low-dry flat-spread four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and bamboo leaf zanthoxylum bungeanum.
Background method
At present, no method for pruning the zanthoxylum bungeanum and the zanthoxylum armatum in most areas in Yunnan province is available, most zanthoxylum bungeanum and the zanthoxylum armatum bungeanum in Yunnan province are lack of pruning, and the problems of high tree body, low yield, large space waste and the like generally exist. At present, the harvesting mode of the Yunnan pricklyash peel mainly adopts a spike harvesting mode, the harvesting efficiency is low, and if a branch harvesting mode is adopted, no yield is produced in the next year; the existing pruning method for the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim in Chongqing of Sichuan is to collect zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim in the last ten days of 6 months to ensure fructification in the next year, but on one hand, the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim has low volatile oil content and poor quality due to insufficient maturity, on the other hand, the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim in Yunnan can be collected only after 7 middle ten days of the month generally, and the zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim cannot be used in the Yunnan area due to the difficulty in adapting to climate differences. The method for pruning the zanthoxylum bungeanum and the zanthoxylum bungeanum is suitable for the local environment is very important for the yield of the zanthoxylum bungeanum and the zanthoxylum bungeanum, because fruits can not be hung after the zanthoxylum bungeanum bearing branches bear fruits, only the newly-sent branches can bear fruits, if the zanthoxylum bungeanum and the zanthoxylum bungeanum are not pruned, the bearing parts can continuously extend outwards, meanwhile, because the newly-sent branches extend outwards more and more, the longer the transportation distance is, the higher the growth vigor is, the shorter the length is, the bearing parts are shorter and shorter, no yield can be caused after years, and the middle parts of crowns are free from hanging fruits, so that the space waste is huge; although the pepper has no problem that fruiting parts are inevitably extended outwards, the naturally-growing crown is too dense, the inner chamber is dark, so that the fruiting parts are mainly positioned at the periphery of the tree body, and the yield is reduced more and more, so that the method for pruning the pepper and the zanthoxylum bambusoides is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-dry flat-spread four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and zanthoxylum armatum bungeanum, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background method.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following method scheme: a low-dry, flat and four-arm tree pruning method for Yunnan pricklyash peel and bamboo leaf pricklyash peel comprises the following steps:
step 1: preliminary trimming
For the uncut tree, reserving 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions on a trunk, keeping an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the ground, completely cutting off the rest main branches, and reserving side branches on 4 main branches as fruit branches for the cut tree;
step 2: pruning in the harvesting stage
Selecting a row of trees in the nth year, cutting off all lateral branches of the trees, harvesting clusters in the adjacent row only or not, performing alternate harvesting on the other rows according to the mode, performing branch harvesting on the clusters or the non-harvested rows in the nth +1 year, and performing cluster harvesting or non-harvesting on the branch-harvested rows;
and step 3: pruning before germination
Before the tree sprouting period, the density of lateral branches is controlled, the density is controlled to be 100 plus 120 branches/square meter, and the pinching is carried out on the trees which are harvested or not harvested in the previous year, namely the over-tender part at the top end of the young shoot is cut off, and the length of the young shoot is controlled to be 75-85 cm.
Preferably, 4 twigs distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel in step 1.
Preferably, in step 3, overlapping branches and cross-branch pruning are selected to control the density of the lateral branches.
Preferably, in the process of pruning the forest, irrigating in dry seasons, spraying the foliar fertilizer for 2 times, applying the compound fertilizer for 1 time in rainy seasons, and applying the organic fertilizer or the farmyard manure for 1 time in winter.
Preferably, when the average length of young shoots harvested or unplanted in the previous year grows to 25cm, 5% uniconazole diluted by 600 times, 98% monopotassium phosphate diluted by 600 times and 0.1% triacontanol diluted by 1500 times are sprayed on the leaf surface, the length of the young shoots is observed every half month, when the length is increased by 20cm, the formula is sprayed for 1-2 times to control the length of the young shoots and promote fructification, and the young shoots are not sprayed on the harvested shoots in the previous year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the wild pepper and the leaf pepper which are not trimmed at present in Yunnan province, the yield of each mu can be improved by more than 100 percent by using the method, the manual harvesting cost can be reduced by more than 20 percent due to the fact that the ear harvesting is changed into the branch harvesting, when 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel, the harvesting efficiency is higher, the harvesting cost is lower, the overall economic benefit of the wild pepper and the green pepper can be improved by more than 80 percent, on one hand, the alternate and alternate harvesting method in the invention ensures that the wild pepper in Yunnan province also adopts the branch harvesting mode, the harvesting efficiency is improved, the maturity of the wild pepper in Yunnan province is ensured, the quality of the green pepper is improved, on the other hand, the trees are fruited at intervals, the time for recovering the land and the trees is prolonged, and sustainable operation is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The method schemes in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the pruning time is 7 months to 9 months when the peppers are picked.
Step 1: preliminary trimming
For the uncut tree, reserving 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions on a trunk, keeping an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the ground, completely cutting off the rest main branches, and reserving side branches on 4 main branches as fruit branches for the cut tree;
step 2: pruning in the harvesting stage
Selecting a row of trees in the 1 st year, cutting off lateral branches of all the trees, harvesting clusters or not harvesting clusters in the adjacent row, performing alternate harvesting on the other rows according to the mode, performing branch harvesting on the clusters or not harvested rows in the 1 st year in the 2 nd year, and performing cluster harvesting or not harvesting on the branch harvested rows;
and step 3: pruning before germination
Before the sprouting period of 3 months, the density of lateral branches is generally controlled in the middle ten days of 2 months, the over-dense lateral branches are cut off, the density is controlled to be 100 branches/square meter, and the core picking is carried out on the trees which are harvested or not harvested in the previous year, namely, the over-tender parts at the top ends of the young shoots are cut off, and the length of the young shoots is controlled to be 75 cm.
Wherein, in the step 1, 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel.
Overlapping branches and cross branches were selected for pruning to control the side branch density. In the process of pruning the trees and forests, irrigating in dry seasons, spraying foliar fertilizer for 2 times, applying compound fertilizer for 1 time in rainy seasons, and applying organic fertilizer or farmyard manure for 1 time in winter. After ten days of 6 months, when the average length of young shoots harvested or unplanted in the previous year grows to 25cm, 5% uniconazole diluted by 600 times, 98% monopotassium phosphate diluted by 600 times and 0.1% triacontanol diluted by 1500 times are sprayed on the leaf surface, the length of the young shoots is observed every half month, when the length is increased by 20cm, the formula is sprayed for 1-2 times to control the length of the young shoots and promote fructification, and the young shoots are not sprayed on the harvested rows in the previous year.
Example 2:
the pruning time is 7 months to 9 months when the peppers are picked.
Step 1: preliminary trimming
For the pruned trees, reserving 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions on a trunk, keeping an included angle of 34 degrees with the ground, completely pruning the rest main branches, and reserving side branches on the 4 main branches as fruit branches for the pruned trees;
step 2: pruning in the harvesting stage
Selecting a row of trees in the 2 nd year, cutting off all lateral branches of the trees, harvesting clusters or not harvesting the clusters in the adjacent row, performing alternate harvesting on the other rows according to the mode, performing branch harvesting on the clusters or not harvested rows in the 2 nd year in the 3 rd year, and performing cluster harvesting or not harvesting on the branch harvested rows;
and step 3: pruning before germination
Before the 3-month germination period, the density of lateral branches is generally controlled in the middle ten days of 2 months, over-dense lateral branches are cut off, the density is controlled to be 105 branches/square meter, and the core picking is carried out on the trees which are harvested or not harvested in the previous year, namely, the over-tender parts at the top ends of the young shoots are cut off, and the length of the young shoots is controlled to be 78 cm.
Wherein, in the step 1, 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel.
Overlapping branches and cross branches were selected for pruning to control the side branch density. In the process of pruning the trees and forests, irrigating in dry seasons, spraying foliar fertilizer for 2 times, applying compound fertilizer for 1 time in rainy seasons, and applying organic fertilizer or farmyard manure for 1 time in winter. After ten days of 6 months, when the average length of young shoots harvested or unplanted in the previous year grows to 25cm, 5% uniconazole diluted by 600 times, 98% monopotassium phosphate diluted by 600 times and 0.1% triacontanol diluted by 1500 times are sprayed on the leaf surface, the length of the young shoots is observed every half month, when the length is increased by 20cm, the formula is sprayed for 1-2 times to control the length of the young shoots and promote fructification, and the young shoots are not sprayed on the harvested rows in the previous year.
Example 3:
the pruning time is 7 months to 9 months when the peppers are picked.
Step 1: preliminary trimming
For the pruned trees, reserving 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions on a trunk, keeping an included angle of 38 degrees with the ground, completely pruning the rest main branches, and reserving side branches on the 4 main branches as fruit branches for the pruned trees;
step 2: pruning in the harvesting stage
Selecting a row of trees in the 3 rd year, cutting off all lateral branches of the trees, harvesting clusters or not harvesting the clusters in the adjacent row, performing alternate harvesting on the other rows according to the mode, performing branch harvesting on the 3 rd year clusters or not harvested rows in the 4 th year, and performing cluster harvesting or not harvesting on the branch harvested rows;
and step 3: pruning before germination
Before the sprouting period of 3 months, the density of lateral branches is generally controlled in the middle ten days of 2 months, the over-dense lateral branches are cut off, the density is controlled to be 110 branches/square meter, and the core picking is carried out on the trees which are harvested or not harvested in the previous year, namely, the over-tender parts at the top ends of the young shoots are cut off, and the length of the young shoots is controlled to be 80 cm.
Wherein, in the step 1, 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel.
Overlapping branches and cross branches were selected for pruning to control the side branch density. In the process of pruning the trees and forests, irrigating in dry seasons, spraying foliar fertilizer for 2 times, applying compound fertilizer for 1 time in rainy seasons, and applying organic fertilizer or farmyard manure for 1 time in winter. After ten days of 6 months, when the average length of young shoots harvested or unplanted in the previous year grows to 25cm, 5% uniconazole diluted by 600 times, 98% monopotassium phosphate diluted by 600 times and 0.1% triacontanol diluted by 1500 times are sprayed on the leaf surface, the length of the young shoots is observed every half month, when the length is increased by 20cm, the formula is sprayed for 1-2 times to control the length of the young shoots and promote fructification, and the young shoots are not sprayed on the harvested rows in the previous year.
Example 4:
the pruning time is 7 months to 9 months when the peppers are picked.
Step 1: preliminary trimming
For the pruned trees, reserving 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions on a trunk, keeping an included angle of 2 degrees with the ground, completely pruning the rest main branches, and reserving side branches on the 4 main branches as fruit branches for the pruned trees;
step 2: pruning in the harvesting stage
Selecting a row of trees in the 4 th year, cutting off all lateral branches of the trees, harvesting clusters or not harvesting the clusters in the adjacent row, performing alternate harvesting on the other rows according to the mode, performing branch harvesting on the 4 th year clusters or not harvested rows in the 5 th year, and performing cluster harvesting or not harvesting on the branch harvested rows;
and step 3: pruning before germination
Before the 3-month germination period, the density of lateral branches is generally controlled in the middle ten days of 2 months, the over-dense lateral branches are cut off, the density is controlled to be 115 branches/square meter, and the core picking is carried out on the trees which are harvested or not harvested in the previous year, namely, the over-tender parts at the top ends of the young shoots are cut off, and the length of the young shoots is controlled to be 83 cm.
Wherein, in the step 1, 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel.
Overlapping branches and cross branches were selected for pruning to control the side branch density. In the process of pruning the trees and forests, irrigating in dry seasons, spraying foliar fertilizer for 2 times, applying compound fertilizer for 1 time in rainy seasons, and applying organic fertilizer or farmyard manure for 1 time in winter. After ten days of 6 months, when the average length of young shoots harvested or unplanted in the previous year grows to 25cm, 5% uniconazole diluted by 600 times, 98% monopotassium phosphate diluted by 600 times and 0.1% triacontanol diluted by 1500 times are sprayed on the leaf surface, the length of the young shoots is observed every half month, when the length is increased by 20cm, the formula is sprayed for 1-2 times to control the length of the young shoots and promote fructification, and the young shoots are not sprayed on the harvested rows in the previous year.
Example 5:
the pruning time is 7 months to 9 months when the peppers are picked.
Step 1: preliminary trimming
For the pruned trees, reserving 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions on a trunk, keeping an included angle of 45 degrees with the ground, completely pruning the rest main branches, and reserving side branches on the 4 main branches as fruit branches for the pruned trees;
step 2: pruning in the harvesting stage
Selecting a row of trees in the 5 th year, cutting off all lateral branches of the trees, harvesting clusters or not harvesting the clusters in the adjacent row, performing alternate harvesting on the other rows according to the mode, performing branch harvesting on the 5 th year cluster harvesting or non-harvesting row in the 6 th year, and performing cluster harvesting or non-harvesting on the branch harvesting row;
and step 3: pruning before germination
Before the sprouting period of 3 months, the density of lateral branches is generally controlled in the middle ten days of 2 months, the over-dense lateral branches are cut off, the density is controlled to be 120 branches/square meter, and the core picking is carried out on the trees which are harvested or not harvested in the previous year, namely, the over-tender parts at the top ends of the young shoots are cut off, and the length of the young shoots is controlled to be 85 cm.
Wherein, in the step 1, 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel.
Overlapping branches and cross branches were selected for pruning to control the side branch density. In the process of pruning the trees and forests, irrigating in dry seasons, spraying foliar fertilizer for 2 times, applying compound fertilizer for 1 time in rainy seasons, and applying organic fertilizer or farmyard manure for 1 time in winter. After ten days of 6 months, when the average length of young shoots harvested or unplanted in the previous year grows to 25cm, 5% uniconazole diluted by 600 times, 98% monopotassium phosphate diluted by 600 times and 0.1% triacontanol diluted by 1500 times are sprayed on the leaf surface, the length of the young shoots is observed every half month, when the length is increased by 20cm, the formula is sprayed for 1-2 times to control the length of the young shoots and promote fructification, and the young shoots are not sprayed on the harvested rows in the previous year.
Compared with the zanthoxylum bungeanum and zanthoxylum armatum which are not trimmed at present in Yunnan province, the yield per mu can be improved by more than 100%, the manual harvesting cost can be reduced by more than 20% due to the fact that the ear harvesting is changed into the branch harvesting, when 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel, the harvesting efficiency is higher, the harvesting cost is lower, and the overall economic benefit can be improved by more than 80%.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A low-dry flat-unfolding four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan pricklyash peel and bamboo leaf pricklyash peel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preliminary trimming
For the uncut tree, reserving 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions on a trunk, keeping an included angle of 30-45 degrees with the ground, completely cutting off the rest main branches, and reserving side branches on 4 main branches as fruit branches for the cut tree;
step 2: pruning in the harvesting stage
Selecting a row of trees in the nth year, cutting off all lateral branches of the trees, harvesting clusters in the adjacent row only or not, performing alternate harvesting on the other rows according to the mode, performing branch harvesting on the clusters or the non-harvested rows in the nth +1 year, and performing cluster harvesting or non-harvesting on the branch-harvested rows;
and step 3: pruning before germination
Before the tree sprouting period, the density of lateral branches is controlled, the density is controlled to be 100 plus 120 branches/square meter, and the pinching is carried out on the trees which are harvested or not harvested in the previous year, namely the over-tender part at the top end of the young shoot is cut off, and the length of the young shoot is controlled to be 75-85 cm.
2. The low-dry flat four-arm tree pruning method for the Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and the zanthoxylum armatum bungeanum according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 1, 4 oblique main branches distributed in different directions are pulled to be parallel.
3. The low-dry flat-spread four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and zanthoxylum armatum bungeanum according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in step 3, overlapping branches and cross branches are selected for pruning, and the density of the side branches is controlled.
4. The low-dry flat-spread four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and zanthoxylum armatum bungeanum according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the process of pruning the trees and forests, irrigating in dry seasons, spraying foliar fertilizer for 2 times, applying compound fertilizer for 1 time in rainy seasons, and applying organic fertilizer or farmyard manure for 1 time in winter.
5. The low-dry flat-spread four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and zanthoxylum armatum bungeanum according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: when the average length of young shoots harvested or unpulped in the previous year grows to 25cm, 5% uniconazole diluted by 600 times, 98% monopotassium phosphate diluted by 600 times and 0.1% triacontanol diluted by 1500 times are sprayed on the leaf surface, the length of the young shoots is observed every half month, when the length is increased by 20cm, the formula is sprayed for 1-2 times to control the length of the young shoots and promote fructification, and the young shoots harvested in the previous year are not sprayed.
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| CN202010791304.XA CN113229014A (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2020-08-07 | Low-dry flat-unfolding four-arm tree form pruning method for Yunnan zanthoxylum bungeanum and bamboo leaf zanthoxylum bungeanum |
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