CN110214616A - A kind of breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed is trained fastly - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed is trained fastly Download PDFInfo
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- CN110214616A CN110214616A CN201910475508.XA CN201910475508A CN110214616A CN 110214616 A CN110214616 A CN 110214616A CN 201910475508 A CN201910475508 A CN 201910475508A CN 110214616 A CN110214616 A CN 110214616A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to loquat breeding technical fields, disclose a kind of breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed is trained fastly；Selection parent carries out nursery in the greenhouse；It yields positive results to the end of plant juvenile phase, excellent strain screening and identification.Grafting of the present invention is able to maintain the character of kind scion, and grows fastly, and tree vigo(u)r is strong, as a result early；Stock be completely cured half disleave transplanting, inspire lateral root and radicula, be conducive to improve graft survival rate；The adjustable tree vigo(u)r of stock and resistance；Control root container for plant growth has the effect of increasing lateral root, control main root, growth promotion, keeps lateral root shape thick and short, does not form the root disk of winding, total root quantity can increase 30-50 times, transplanting success can reach 98% or more, and growing-seedling period shortens half, and management amount cost reduces 50% or more after transplanting；The ventilative property of light passing is good, and branch is sturdy, and tree crown is balanced, is conducive to bud differentiation；Be conducive to improve trunk infusion, promote bud differentiation；Present invention shortening 2 years or more time limits.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to loquat breeding technical field more particularly to a kind of breeding methods that loquat hybrid new breed is trained fastly.
Background technique
Loquat is the famous-brand and high-quality characteristic tree species for originating in China, and resource is extremely abundant.Parent how is correctly selected and be matched, is cultivated
It is suitble to the loquat new varieties with independent intellectual property rights of various people's taste out, China is become continuous by loquat resource big country
The loquat breeding power for releasing improved Varieties, is the requirement for building innovation-oriented country.It is real due to the popularization and application of graft technology
The space of raw seed selection is smaller and smaller, in the quite a long time from now on crossbreeding by be still loquat breeding leading side
Method, plant resistance, fruit size, edible rate, integrated quality are the most important characteristic indexs of loquat breeding from now on, and sexual hybridization is educated
Kind is the main path of directive breeding new varieties.
Generally, the hybridization of loquat breeding, which assembles, is carried out on the basis of being selected based on parent material, hybrid generation precocity walnut
Power be presented with the trend of matrocliny, the work that when breeding can preferentially select precocity walnut strong is maternal.But it is in production practice, early
Reality resource somethings can only be found by accident, and not through seeking, majority of case, and loquat hybrid generation grows directly from seeds, and strain juvenile phase is 5 years or so average, i.e., plant is completed
Conversion from nutrient growth to reproductive growth；In addition, the distribution of loquat seedling tree main root is deep, plant shape is tall and big, to be kept between plant
Certain growing space is just conducive to bud differentiation, and otherwise juvenile phase extends, therefore conventional cross-breeding space required is big, at high cost.
The usual way of one breeding of new variety: the filial generation juvenile phase that hybridization in 1 year assembles → 5 years grows → 2 years excellent strain evaluation and screenings
→ 2 years regional testings amount to needs 10 years or more time.
In conclusion existing breeding technique is completed from nutrient growth to reproductive growth due to its hybrid generation strain of growing directly from seeds
Transformation time, the selection of inheritance stability character superior strain, regional testing verify the times such as its inheritance stability character long reason, make
The technical problems such as big, achievements conversion rate is low, sustainable development is made slow progress are put at human and material resources and financial resources, thus a hybridization
The breeding of new varieties generally requires 10 years or more time, serious reduction economic benefit.
Solve the difficulty and meaning of above-mentioned technical problem:
Shorten the juvenile phase time, is realizing that nutrient growth is the difficult point of technical problem, this hair in the conversion of reproductive growth in short term
It is bright to greatly reduce production cost moreover, shortening breeding time compared with conventional method, it is easy to operate, it is engaged in fruit tree seedling culture
The staff of production is by the simple independently operable completion of training.
Grafting of the present invention is able to maintain the character of kind scion, and grows fastly, and tree vigo(u)r is strong, promotes lateral root shape thick and short,
Total root quantity can increase 30-50 times, and transplanting success can reach 98% or more, and management amount cost reduces 50% or more after transplanting；It educates
Seedling cycle time 2 years or more time limits.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of breeding methods that loquat hybrid new breed is trained fastly.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed is trained fastly, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: selecting good germplasm for parent, carries out hybridization and assembles, and filial generation seed is carried out nutrition cup sowing,
Nursery is carried out in greenhouse；
Step 2: two leaf maturity periods carried out outdoor and transplant seedlings field planting, and stock main root is disconnected to be cut half disleave and transplant；Cut lignifying journey
It spends the higher plant trunk that grows directly from seeds and makees scion, graft on stock seedling；
Step 3: using " control root cultivation container " and " spacing in the rows such as wide-and narrow-row " cropping pattern；Grafting grow to 15cm into
Row pinching, growth of letting nature take its course later；" spacing in the rows such as wide-and narrow-row " cropping pattern, the ventilative property of light passing is good, and branch is sturdy, and tree crown is equal
Weighing apparatus, is conducive to bud differentiation.
Step 4: early summer in next year carries out 15% paclobutrazol of foliage-spray, 300 times of liquid, and at different levels group center branches are protected with the raw branch in side
1:2 ratio is stayed, is yielded positive results to the end of plant juvenile phase, excellent strain screening and identification is carried out；
Through overtesting, it is lower than 300 times of liquid, concentration is lower, the effect for inhibiting nutrient growth is unable to reach, conversely, being higher than 300
Times liquid, excessive concentration, plant vegetative growth receive inhibition, and plant tree vigo(u)r is weaker；The raw branch of holding center branch and side retains the ratio of 1:2
Example, is conducive to result branch robust growth, bud differentiation is good.
Step 5: regional test is carried out, kind is named.
Further, in step 1, the preferable germplasm of precocity walnut is selected to make parent.
Further, it in step 2, grafts to graft on the stock seedling that affinity is strong, the property downgraded is good.
Further, in step 3, grafting grows to 15cm and carries out pinching, inspires young sprout growth.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
The present invention can complete a hybrid new breed breeding in 8 years, than conventional breeding methods shortening 2 years or more time limits,
It is a kind of more satisfactory loquat cross breeding method.
The breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed provided by the invention is trained fastly, has
(1) power of hybrid generation precocity walnut is presented with the trend of matrocliny, and Selection parent germplasm is crucial.
(2) grafting is able to maintain the character of kind scion, and grows fastly, and tree vigo(u)r is strong, as a result early.
(3) stock be completely cured half disleave transplanting, inspire lateral root and radicula, be conducive to improve graft survival rate；Can grafting at
Function depends primarily on the affinity between anvil fringe, and affinity is stronger, and graft union is better, and growth and development is more normal；In addition,
The adjustable tree vigo(u)r of stock and resistance.
(4) control root container for plant growth has the effect of increasing lateral root, control main root, growth promotion, lateral root shape can be made thick and short, no
The root disk that will form winding overcomes the defect that conventional vessel nursery brings root to wind, and total root quantity can increase 30-50 times, nursery stock
Transplanting success can reach 98% or more, and growing-seedling period shortens half, and management amount cost reduces 50% or more after transplanting.
(5) " spacing in the rows such as wide-and narrow-row " cropping pattern, the ventilative property of light passing is good, and branch is sturdy, and tree crown is balanced, is conducive to bud point
Change.
(6) 15% paclobutrazol of foliage-spray, 300 times of liquid inhibit summer shoot excessively to sprout, and center branch retains 1:2 ratio with the raw branch in side
Example is conducive to improve trunk infusion, promotes bud differentiation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the breeding method flow chart that loquat hybrid new breed provided in an embodiment of the present invention is trained fastly.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Application principle of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed provided in an embodiment of the present invention is trained fastly, specifically includes following
Step:
S101: selecting good germplasm for parent, carries out hybridization and assembles, and filial generation seed is carried out nutrition cup sowing, in temperature
Nursery is carried out in room；
S102: two leaf maturity periods carried out outdoor and transplant seedlings field planting, and stock main root is disconnected to be cut half disleave and transplant；Cut degree of lignification
The higher plant trunk that grows directly from seeds makees scion, grafts on stock seedling；
S103: using " control root cultivation container " and " spacing in the rows such as wide-and narrow-row " cropping pattern；Grafting grows to 15 cm progress
Pinching, growth of letting nature take its course later；
S104: early summer in next year carries out 15% paclobutrazol of foliage-spray, 300 times of liquid, and at different levels group center branches retain with the raw branch in side
1:2 ratio is yielded positive results to the end of plant juvenile phase, carries out excellent strain screening and identification；
S105: regional test is carried out, kind is named.
In step S101, the preferable germplasm of selection precocity walnut provided in an embodiment of the present invention makees parent.
In step S102, grafting provided in an embodiment of the present invention is grafting in the stock seedling that affinity is strong, the property downgraded is good
On.
In step S103, grafting provided in an embodiment of the present invention grows to 15cm and carries out pinching, inspires young sprout growth.
Application principle of the invention is further elaborated below with reference to specific experiment；
Experiment 1；
2009-201 selects precocity walnut stronger ' big five-pointed star ' (Sichuan breeding) and relatively weak ' liberation clock ' (good fortune
Build breeding) kind make parent carry out reciprocal cross hybridization assemble test.
In early June, 2010 harvest orthogonal systems assemble germinative seed 148 with germinative seed 128, reciprocal cross, broadcast immediately
Kind, it nurses young plants in hothouses.It is soaked seed 15min before sowing with 20ppm gibberellin, then with the carbendazim for accounting for seed total amount 0.2%-0.3%
(50%) wettable powder is dressed seed, and being sowed respectively in specification is in 8cm × 8cm nutrition cup, and culture substrate is mixed equivalent coconut palm
Chaff and turfy soil (disinfection treatment of 2%-3% nitrous acid ferrous iron).
The two leaf maturity period of early August carries out outdoor and transplants seedlings field planting, assembles seedling and is colonized in the A prepared meticulously respectively and tests
Place, seeding row spacing 3m × 2m, 276 plants of occupied areas are about 2.5 mu, and each listed identification of strain number of growing directly from seeds executes conventional breeding
Management；The same period, the uniformity of respective numbers is good, affinity is strong, the property downgraded is good, and ' raw rootstock seedling is short within Bian Yangmi hat ' germplasm 1 year
Main root, half disleave are cut, it is (container diameter 32cm, height 30cm) and " wide to execute " control root cultivation container " in the test site B for transplanting
The spacing in the rows such as narrow row " cropping pattern (wide row line-spacing 1.5m, narrow row line-spacing 1.0m, spacing in the rows 0.8m), 276 plants of occupied areas are about 0.3
Mu, culture substrate are chaff shell, turfy soil, sandy soil, and configuration proportion Kang Ke ︰ turf Tu ︰ sandy soil=1%:3%:15%, matrix is stringent
It is mixed disinfection.In late March, 2011 selects 20-25 DEG C of fair weather of temperature, it is higher to cut degree of lignification from the test site A
The strain trunk that grows directly from seeds that assembles make scion, with scrubbing brush the villus in scion is net along scrub, dry moisture after graft in B test
On the stock plant of field.
The seedling scion of the test site A is adopted cut after inspire young sprout, reinforce rich water and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control field management, along its from
Right growth result.
After the test site B grafting survives, 15cm pinching is grown to it and inspires young sprout, reinforces rich water and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Field management, growth of letting nature take its course；Early summer in next year, cooperation tip killing agent and phosphorus potassium resource library use, 15% paclobutrazol 300 of foliage-spray
Times liquid (grasps number, should not be used continuously), and at different levels group centers branches retain 1:2 ratio with the raw branch in side, extra to prune off.
It observes and records the test site A, B plant and just spends just fruiting period, count positive and negative hybridization and assemble strain juvenile phase strain rate.
A test: orthogonal systems, which are matched, yields positive results strain rate 78.1%, 2017 year 6.3%, 2016 year 2015 12.5%, 2018
Year 3.1%；Reciprocal cross, which assembles, yields positive results strain rate 74.3%, 2017 year 11.5%, 2016 year 2.7%, 2015 year 2014
8.1%, 2018 3.4%；
B test: orthogonal systems, which are matched, yields positive results strain rate 75%, 2015 year 15.6%, 2014 year 2013 9.4%；Reciprocal cross group
With yielding positive results strain rate 78.4%, 2015 year 16.2%, 2014 year 2013 5.4%.
Statistics indicate that:
(1) A tests Orthogonal Composite plant juvenile phase 4-7,5.13 years average；Plant juvenile phase 3-7 is combined in reciprocal cross, average
4.98 year；B tests Orthogonal Composite plant juvenile phase 2-4,2.94 average；B tests reciprocal cross and combines plant juvenile phase 2-4, average
2.89 year.
(2) B tests plant juvenile phase ratio A test and shortens 2.14, and A test reciprocal cross assembles plant juvenile phase than orthogonal systems with contracting
It is 0.15 short, from A, B test data it is also seen that the shorter reciprocal cross of juvenile phase assembles early real plant quantity matches more than orthogonal systems, illustrate morning
Real sex expression has the characteristic of matrocliny.
2, in conjunction with experimental result of the invention, the breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed is trained fastly is obtained are as follows:
The selection preferable germplasm of precocity walnut makees parent, carries out hybridization and assembles → filial generation seed nutritional cup sowing, nurses young plants in hothouses
→ bis- leaf maturity periods carried out outdoor and transplant seedlings field planting, and disconnected section half disleave of stock main root transplants → cut that degree of lignification is higher grows directly from seeds
Plant trunk makees scion, grafts on the stock seedling that affinity is strong, the property downgraded is good → execute " control root cultivation container " and " width
The spacing in the rows such as row " cropping pattern → grafting grows to 15cm pinching and inspires young sprout, growth of letting nature take its course → early summer in next year blade face spray
15% paclobutrazol, 300 times of liquid are applied, at different levels group center branches, which retain 1:2 ratio → plant juvenile phase with the raw branch in side, to be terminated to yield positive results,
Carry out excellent strain screening and identification → regional testing, kind name.
3, key problem in technology of the invention analysis:
(1) power of hybrid generation precocity walnut is presented with the trend of matrocliny, and Selection parent germplasm is crucial.
(2) grafting is able to maintain the character of kind scion, and grows fastly, and tree vigo(u)r is strong, as a result early.
(3) stock be completely cured half disleave transplanting, inspire lateral root and radicula, be conducive to improve graft survival rate；Can grafting at
Function depends primarily on the affinity between anvil fringe, and affinity is stronger, and graft union is better, and growth and development is more normal；In addition,
The adjustable tree vigo(u)r of stock and resistance.
(4) control root container for plant growth has the effect of increasing lateral root, control main root, growth promotion, lateral root shape can be made thick and short, no
The root disk that will form winding overcomes the defect that conventional vessel nursery brings root to wind, and total root quantity can increase 30-50 times, nursery stock
Transplanting success can reach 98% or more, and growing-seedling period shortens half, and management amount cost reduces 50% or more after transplanting.
(5) " spacing in the rows such as wide-and narrow-row " cropping pattern, the ventilative property of light passing is good, and branch is sturdy, and tree crown is balanced, is conducive to bud point
Change.
(6) 15% paclobutrazol of foliage-spray, 300 times of liquid inhibit summer shoot excessively to sprout, and center branch retains 1:2 ratio with the raw branch in side
Example is conducive to improve trunk infusion, promotes bud differentiation.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed is trained fastly, it is characterised in that the loquat hybrid new breed was trained fastly educates
Kind method, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: Selection parent carries out hybridization and assembles, filial generation seed is carried out nutrition cup sowing, carries out nursery in the greenhouse；
Step 2: two leaf maturity periods carried out outdoor and transplant seedlings field planting, and stock main root is disconnected to be cut half disleave and transplant；Cut degree of lignification compared with
The high plant trunk that grows directly from seeds makees scion, grafts on stock seedling；
Step 3: using " control root cultivation container " and " spacing in the rows such as wide-and narrow-row " cropping pattern；Grafting grows to 15cm and is plucked
The heart；
Step 4: early summer in next year carries out 15% paclobutrazol of foliage-spray, 300 times of liquid, and at different levels group center branches retain 1 with the raw branch in side:
2 ratios are yielded positive results to the end of plant juvenile phase, carry out excellent strain screening and identification；
Step 5: regional test is carried out, kind is named.
2. the breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed as described in claim 1 is trained fastly, it is characterised in that in the step 1, choosing
It selects the preferable germplasm of precocity walnut and makees parent.
3. the breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed as described in claim 1 is trained fastly, it is characterised in that in the step 2, transfer
Grafting is connected on the stock seedling that affinity is strong, the property downgraded is good.
4. the breeding method that loquat hybrid new breed as described in claim 1 is trained fastly, it is characterised in that in the step 3, transfer
Seedlings picking grows to 15cm and carries out pinching, inspires young sprout growth.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115024143A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly |
| CN115997676A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-04-25 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Breeding method of white loquat and method for shortening childhood |
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| CN106937576A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-07-11 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method for shortening loquat juvenile phase |
| CN107079772A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-22 | 苏州胥山农产品有限公司 | A kind of Loquat Cultivars breeding method for improving fruit quality |
| CN107197771A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-09-26 | 苏州胥山农产品有限公司 | A kind of breeding method for improving loquat quality |
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| CN105660237A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 | Method for shortening juvenile period of directive breeding hybrid seedlings of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. |
| CN106937576A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-07-11 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | A kind of cultural method for shortening loquat juvenile phase |
| CN107079772A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-22 | 苏州胥山农产品有限公司 | A kind of Loquat Cultivars breeding method for improving fruit quality |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115024143A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-09-09 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and grow seedlings quickly |
| CN115024143B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-03-26 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for promoting loquat hybrid seeds to sprout and quickly grow seedlings |
| CN115997676A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-04-25 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Breeding method of white loquat and method for shortening childhood |
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