CN106105480A - A kind of improve pears hybrid seed germination percentage and the method for planting percent - Google Patents
A kind of improve pears hybrid seed germination percentage and the method for planting percent Download PDFInfo
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- CN106105480A CN106105480A CN201610503398.XA CN201610503398A CN106105480A CN 106105480 A CN106105480 A CN 106105480A CN 201610503398 A CN201610503398 A CN 201610503398A CN 106105480 A CN106105480 A CN 106105480A
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- seed
- pears
- germination percentage
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses and a kind of improve pears hybrid seed germination percentage and the method for planting percent, its step includes: 1) hybridization picking fruit and storage: harvesting ripe fruit in being housed in storeroom one month；2) seed is stripped；3) earthing of seeds: need to cold preservation about 60 days in the refrigerator of 2 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C；4) sowing: chitting piece is directly sowed, non-chitting piece clear water is sowed after divesting seed episperm and endotesta after soaking；5) seedling management: two leaf stage, with first 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of downy mildew Lingshui Spring agent 1 ~ 2 time of 3%, prevents seedling blight from occurring；The present invention is easy and simple to handle, easy, have emerge fast, emerge neat, planting percent high, be effectively increased breeding efficiency, practical；Further increase germination percentage and the planting percent of pears hybrid seed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree hybridization breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of pears hybrid seed germination percentage and planting percent of improving
Method.
Background technology
Cross-breeding is the main path of current pears breeding.Hybrid seed quantity owing to being obtained by artificial hybridization is had
Limit, pears hybrid seed need to reach certain chilling requirement could breaking dormancy, and other hybridization such as pears hybrid seed and Fructus Mali pumilae
Seed is compared has kind of the feature such as skin depth, consolidation, brings certain difficulty to seed germination.Traditional breeding way is mainly by certainly
So low-temperature receiver, by lamination hybrid seed in winter 60 ~ 80 days, spring, accelerating germination was sowed again, and general planting percent only has 50 ~ 60%.
In the prior art, such as " the Chinese pear cenospecies accelerating germination of granted patent that number of patent application is 200910061395.5
The method of breeding ", need during its operation to arrange through the harvesting of Chinese pear allocarpy, fruit select, storage in advance, fruit cold storage, seed are shelled
From and clean, seed sand hide, sowing operating procedure, its operation is the most complicated, needs to last 3 in its fruit cold storage operating procedure
The time of individual month, count its seed sand Tibetan in 30 days, the breeding cycle time of at least 4 months, breeding cycle is longer, too increases
Breeding cost, though its germination percentage can reach 80 ~ 90%, but the more excellent germination percentage of distance there is also gap；Number of patent application is
In the published " a kind of method improving Kuerle delicious pear hybrid seed germination percentage " of 201510117501.2, its behaviour
Making method complicated, latter stage of ripening, needs 110 ~ 130 days, and lamination needs 55 ~ 60 days, though germination percentage can reach more than 85%, but breeding cycle
Long.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of improve pears hybrid seed germination percentage and the method for planting percent, it is intended to shorten nursery
In the cycle, make nursery easy and simple to handle, easy, improve pears hybrid seed germination percentage and planting percent further.
The technical solution used in the present invention is for achieving the above object:
A kind of improve pears hybrid seed germination percentage and the method for planting percent, comprise the steps:
1) hybridization picking fruit and storage:
Pluck after pears hybridization fruit fully maturation, be placed in storeroom, during placement, need layered putting, room temperature to be maintained at 10 ~ 15 DEG C,
Place and within one month, allow seed the most ripe；
2) seed is stripped:
Strip step 1 after January) in completely overstrike or the seed of dark brown pears hybridization fruit, and by the stickum on surface
Clean up；
3) earthing of seeds:
Seed is mixed loading nylon net bag with clean wet fine sand in the ratio of 1:4, puts into the plastic basket equipped with wet sand, put ice
Case cold preservation, temperature controls at 2 ~ 6 DEG C, regular moisturizing keep sand humidity hold agglomerating and do not drip, water content control 3 ~ 4%,
Stir weekly seed packet once, lamination about 60 days；
4) sowing:
Seed good for lamination is taken out, screens out fine sand, after rinsing well with water, chitting piece and non-chitting piece are separated, germinate
Seed is directly sowed；Non-chitting piece first soaks 2 hours in clear water, peels off seed episperm and endotesta, is careful not to wound
And plumule and cotyledon, it is seeded in the 50 mesh hole tray equipped with high-quality turfy soil or nursery soil, degree of depth 1cm；After planting spill permeable, cave
Dish upper cover non-woven fabrics moisturizing, spills a water for 5 ~ 7 days, removes non-woven fabrics after one week；
5) seedling management:
After planting seed 7 ~ 10 days be unearthed, every 2-3 days regard hole tray compost soil moisture content sprinkle water 1 time, two leaf stage with 3% first downy mildew
500 times of liquid irrigating roots of Lingshui Spring agent 1 ~ 2 time, prevent seedling blight from occurring, and move into the battalion of 8cm × 8cm during the hybrid seedling four leaf phase
Support alms bowl to continue to cultivate.
In the present invention, the fruit of harvesting ripe the storage indoor storage 1 month at 10 ~ 15 DEG C, seed can be made fully to inhale
Receive fruits nutrition, fully maturation, take direct cold preservation lamination about 60 days after planting, to break seed dormancy.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Compared with prior art, the operating procedure of the present invention is more simple and easy to do, the fruit of harvesting ripe at 10 ~ 15 DEG C
Storage indoor storage 1 month, can make seed the most ripe, can shorten seed maturity compared with existing cold preservation after-ripening operation
Phase；After relatively seed is dried in the shade by traditional method, it is the simplest that storage a period of time soaks moisture lamination to be suctioned operation again in water,
Although cold preservation lamination needs about 60 days, but whole growing-seedling period shortens；Chitting piece non-after lamination is directly peelled off episperm and
Sow again after endotesta, it is ensured that it germinates rapidly, improve percentage of seedgermination and seedling regularity；After planting cover nonwoven
Cloth moisturizing decreases watering number of times, makes soil temperature and humidity relative constancy, beneficially germination in hole tray；From seedling two leaf stage
By the first downy mildew spirit efficient germicide pouring root of 3%, prevention damping off occurs, and improves planting percent.
Implement the illustration 1:2016 germinative number to six pears cross combinations and the statistics of number of seedling.
The table 1:2016 germinative number to six pears cross combinations and the statistics of number of seedling
As shown in Table 1, the average germination percentage of six pears cross combinations is 2271/2388*100%=95.1%, and average planting percent is
2240/2388*100%=93.8%；Wherein code name is that the germination percentage of 81-14-01 × yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest combination of 2015-3 is the highest, can reach
447/458*100%=97.6%, is all the germination percentage that 81-14-01 × yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest combination code name is 2015-1 and takes second place, and its value is
96.7%, and the emerald that code name is 2015-4 × sweet pears early 8 combination germinating rates are minimum, but germination percentage still can reach 91%；Become
The highest the combining for 81-14-01 × yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest that code name is 2015-3 of Seedling rate, can reach 449/458*100%=97.38%, planting percent
Minimum for emerald × sweet pears early 8 combination that code name is 2015-4, its planting percent is 88.44%, and more take second place for code name is
Early 8 combination of the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest of 2015-5 × sweet pears, its planting percent is 91.71%；It can thus be appreciated that use the inventive method to be hybridized by pears
The germination percentage of seed brings up to more than 90%, and its average germination percentage can reach 95.1%, and its planting percent can bring up to 88% with
On, its average planting percent can reach 93.8%.
Implement illustration 2: stripping seed coat processes the impact of pears hybrid seed germination percentage after lamination.
2015, employing was combined as crisp hybrid seed 200 Huangguan Pear × morning and tests, and at 4 DEG C, lamination is after 60 days,
Seed being randomly divided into 2 parts, 100 every part, is respectively labeled as A group, B group, after A group statistics lamination, germination number is by all kinds
Son directly sowing, germination number after B group statistics lamination, the direct sowing germinateed, do not germinate soaks 2 hours in clear water
After peel off interior episperm and sow again, count growth of cereal crop seedlings condition (germination percentage) after 15 days, statistical data is shown in Table 2.
Table 2:2015 stripping seed coat processes the impact being combined as crisp hybrid seed germinative number Huangguan Pear × morning
As shown in Table 2, B its germination percentage of group hybrid seed using stripping seed coat to process is 95/100*100%=95%, and the hybridization of A group
Its germination percentage of seed is 64/100*100%=64%, it is seen then that stripping seed coat processes the germination percentage to the seed after lamination important shadow
Ring, germination percentage can be made to improve 31%.
Implement illustration 3: different layers accumulated temperature degree is on pears hybrid seed germination percentage and the impact of planting percent.
2015, use and be combined as Huangguan Pear × morning shortcake hybrid seed and test, respectively 0 DEG C, 2 DEG C, 4 DEG C, 6 DEG C, 8
Under DEG C five thermogrades, constant temperature lamination 60 days, processes seed, chitting piece respectively and directly sows, and non-chitting piece peels off kind
Skin is sowed again, adds up percentage of seedgermination after 15 days, two leaf stage with 3% first 500 times of liquid irrigating roots of downy mildew Lingshui Spring agent 2 times, four leaves
Phase transplants statistics planting percent；Statistical data is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: different layers accumulated temperature degree is on pears hybrid seed germinative number and the impact of number of seedling
As shown in Table 3, percentage of seedgermination when 0 DEG C is 23/50*100%=46%, and planting percent is 22/50*100%=44%；When 2 DEG C
Germination percentage be 92%, planting percent is 92%；Germination percentage when 4 DEG C is 94%, and planting percent is 92%；Germination percentage when 6 DEG C is 90%,
Planting percent is 88%；Germination percentage when 8 DEG C is 34%, and planting percent is 34%；As can be seen here, when lamination temperature is 2 ~ 6 DEG C, can be true
Protecting germination percentage is more than 90%, and planting percent more than 88%, wherein 2 ~ 4 DEG C can ensure that planting percent and germination percentage all reach more than 90%；And
When lamination temperature less than 2 DEG C or more than 6 DEG C time, germination percentage and planting percent are the decline of cliff of displacement formula, as shown in Table 38 DEG C time send out
Bud rate and planting percent are minimum.
Summary, uses the operational approach of the present invention can be effectively improved germination percentage and the planting percent of pears hybrid seed；Permissible
The germination percentage of pears hybrid seed is brought up to more than 90%, and its planting percent can bring up to more than 88%.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of improve pears hybrid seed germination percentage and the method for planting percent, comprise the steps:
1) hybridization picking fruit and storage:
Pluck after pears hybridization fruit fully maturation, be placed in storeroom, during placement, need layered putting, room temperature to be maintained at 10 ~ 15 DEG C,
Place and within one month, allow seed the most ripe；Storeroom answers shady and cool ventilation, room temperature need to strictly be maintained between 10 ~ 15 DEG C, temperature mistake
High then easily cause fruit rot, temperature is too low, then affect the maturation of seed；Avoid damage to during picking fruit, need to stay when putting
Gap, layering is had to place；
2) seed is stripped:
Strip step 1 after January) in completely overstrike or the seed of dark brown pears hybridization fruit, and by the stickum on surface
Clean up；When taking kind, need to choose complete overstrike or the seed of dark brown pears hybridization fruit, its neutron absorption nutrition is filled
Point, ripe, germination percentage can be ensured further；
3) earthing of seeds:
Seed is mixed loading nylon net bag with clean wet fine sand in the ratio of 1:4, puts into the plastic basket equipped with wet sand, put ice
Case cold preservation, temperature controls at 2 ~ 6 DEG C, regular moisturizing keep sand humidity hold agglomerating and do not drip, water content control 3 ~ 4%,
Stir weekly seed packet once, lamination about 60 days；For breaking seed physiology dormancy, the refrigerator of 2 ~ 6 DEG C needs cold preservation lamination
About 60 days, temperature must be strict controlled in 2 ~ 6 DEG C, and the germination percentage that all can affect seed too high or too low for temperature should be tried one's best simultaneously
Keeping constant temperature, the temperature of constant temperature may select 2 DEG C ~ 4 DEG C；Seed is 1:4 with the mixed proportion of clean wet fine sand, with conventional 1:5
Compare, decrease and measure with sand, and only need when operating to stir weekly a seed packet, it is not necessary to repeatedly stir and mix operation,
Decreasing manual operation load, the raising for stratification rate provides safeguard further；
4) sowing:
Seed good for lamination is taken out, screens out fine sand, after rinsing well with water, chitting piece and non-chitting piece are separated, germinate
Seed is directly sowed；Non-chitting piece first soaks 2 hours in clear water, peels off seed episperm and endotesta, is careful not to wound
And plumule and cotyledon, it is seeded in the 50 mesh hole tray equipped with high-quality turfy soil or nursery soil, degree of depth 1cm；After planting spill permeable, cave
Dish upper cover non-woven fabrics moisturizing, spills a water for 5 ~ 7 days, removes non-woven fabrics after one week；For stratification and seedling, the present invention is to not sending out
Bud seed has carried out manual intervention, manually peels off seed episperm and endotesta, and uses the turfy soil of high-quality or nursery soil to enter
Row is cultivated, and reduces watering number of times by non-woven fabrics moisturizing, and operation also becomes easy, and in can making hole tray, soil temperature and humidity is the most permanent
Fixed；
5) seedling management:
After planting seed 7 ~ 10 days be unearthed, every 2-3 days regard hole tray compost soil moisture content sprinkle water 1 time, two leaf stage with 3% first downy mildew
500 times of liquid irrigating roots of Lingshui Spring agent 1 ~ 2 time, prevent seedling blight from occurring, and move into the battalion of 8cm × 8cm during the hybrid seedling four leaf phase
Support alms bowl to continue to cultivate.
Finally it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not limited to the present invention,
Although being described in detail the present invention with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, it still may be used
So that the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments to be modified, or wherein portion of techniques feature is carried out equivalent.
All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is improved pears hybrid seed germination percentage and the method for planting percent, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
1) hybridization picking fruit and storage:
Pluck after pears hybridization fruit fully maturation, be placed in storeroom, during placement, need layered putting, room temperature to be maintained at 10 ~ 15 DEG C,
Place and within one month, allow seed the most ripe；
2) seed is stripped:
Strip step 1 after January) in completely overstrike or the seed of dark brown pears hybridization fruit, and by the stickum on surface
Clean up；
3) earthing of seeds:
Seed is mixed loading nylon net bag with clean wet fine sand in the ratio of 1:4, puts into the plastic basket equipped with wet sand, put ice
Case cold preservation, temperature controls at 2 ~ 6 DEG C, regular moisturizing keep sand humidity hold agglomerating and do not drip, water content control 3 ~ 4%,
Stir weekly seed packet once, lamination about 60 days；
4) sowing:
Seed good for lamination is taken out, screens out fine sand, after rinsing well with water, chitting piece and non-chitting piece are separated, germinate
Seed is directly sowed；Non-chitting piece first soaks 2 hours in clear water, peels off seed episperm and endotesta, is careful not to wound
And plumule and cotyledon, it is seeded in the 50 mesh hole tray equipped with high-quality turfy soil or nursery soil, degree of depth 1cm；After planting spill permeable, cave
Dish upper cover non-woven fabrics moisturizing, spills a water for 5 ~ 7 days, removes non-woven fabrics after one week；
5) seedling management:
After planting seed 7 ~ 10 days be unearthed, every 2 ~ 3 days regard hole tray compost soil moisture content sprinkle water 1 time, two leaf stage with 3% first downy mildew
500 times of liquid irrigating roots of Lingshui Spring agent 1 ~ 2 time, prevent seedling blight from occurring, and move into the battalion of 8cm × 8cm during the hybrid seedling four leaf phase
Support alms bowl to continue to cultivate.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107047187A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method for cultivating apple hybrid seedling |
| CN108293553A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-07-20 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of pears seed sowing crossbreeds strong sprout method |
| CN111492883A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-07 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Efficient apple crossbreeding method |
| CN111713331A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-09-29 | 禹州市瑞华生态农业开发有限公司 | Efficient rot disease-resistant early-stage selective breeding method for pear trees |
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| CN101507383A (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2009-08-19 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Germinating breeding method of Chinese pear cross-breed |
| CN102217484A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-10-19 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Easy and fast seedling method for hybrid pear seeds |
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| CN101507383A (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2009-08-19 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Germinating breeding method of Chinese pear cross-breed |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107047187A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-08-18 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method for cultivating apple hybrid seedling |
| CN108293553A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2018-07-20 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of pears seed sowing crossbreeds strong sprout method |
| CN111492883A (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-08-07 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Efficient apple crossbreeding method |
| CN111713331A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-09-29 | 禹州市瑞华生态农业开发有限公司 | Efficient rot disease-resistant early-stage selective breeding method for pear trees |
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