CN111527902A - Labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings - Google Patents
Labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN111527902A CN111527902A CN202010623312.3A CN202010623312A CN111527902A CN 111527902 A CN111527902 A CN 111527902A CN 202010623312 A CN202010623312 A CN 202010623312A CN 111527902 A CN111527902 A CN 111527902A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of citrus cultivation, and discloses a labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings, which comprises the following steps: step a: selecting rootstocks; step b: preparing scions, namely selecting citrus branches which are free of diseases and insect pests and are positioned at the middle upper part of a plant and have the diameter of 6-8mm as the scions, and soaking the scions with wax before grafting and then sealing and refrigerating the scions; step c: b, seedling grafting, namely cutting off the position 8-10cm away from the ground of the stock in the step a, cutting a 1-3cm grafting opening on the stock after the section is cut flat, and using for later use; cutting the bottom end of the scion in the step b into a wedge surface, quickly inserting the wedge surface end of the scion into a grafting opening of the stock, tightly attaching the scion and the stock, and sealing the grafting opening by using a grafting film; step d: and then managing. The citrus grafting method is simple in operation, simplifies the grafting process and reduces the labor investment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of citrus cultivation, in particular to a labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings.
Background
The citrus is the first fruit tree and the third trade agricultural product in the world, more than 130 countries for cultivating citrus all over the world exist, and the planting area is about 740 ten thousand hm2The yield is over 1 hundred million t, the annual international trade volume of fresh citrus and processed products thereof reaches $ 232 million, and the cultivation area and the total yield are the first fruit in the world. Citrus is a fruit product type with abundant nutrient substances, and is widely popular among the people in China. The technical work of making good citrus varieties and raising seedlings by actively taking proper measures is an important precondition for controlling and guaranteeing good harvest obtained in the process of citrus planting production activities.
At present, the grafting of citrus seedlings generally comprises the steps of selecting stocks, selecting scions, grafting, inverting the stocks or bending the stocks and shearing the stocks, the steps of bending the stocks and shearing the stocks are needed after the grafting is finished, the number of operation procedures is large, the manual investment is large, the stocks are subjected to damage treatment in the initial stage after the grafting is finished, the stocks compete for nutrients for grafting wound healing in the wound healing process, and the grafting survival rate is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings, and aims to solve the problems that the conventional grafting process of citrus seedlings is complicated in operation, large in manual investment and influences the survival rate of grafting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the labor-saving cultivation method of the citrus grafted seedlings comprises the following steps:
step a: selecting rootstocks;
step b: preparing scions, namely selecting citrus branches which are free of diseases and insect pests and are positioned at the middle upper part of a plant and have the diameter of 6-8mm as the scions, and soaking the scions with wax before grafting and then sealing and refrigerating the scions;
step c: b, seedling grafting, namely cutting off the position 8-10cm away from the ground of the stock in the step a, cutting a 1-3cm grafting opening on the stock after the section is cut flat, and using for later use; cutting the bottom end of the scion in the step b into a wedge surface, inserting the wedge surface end of the scion into a grafting opening of the stock, tightly attaching the scion and the stock, and sealing the grafting opening by using a grafting film;
step d: and then managing.
The principle and the advantages of the scheme are as follows: in practical application, in the preparation stage of the scion, after a proper scion is selected, the scion is stained with wax, so that the evaporation of water in the scion can be avoided, in addition, the breathing loss of the scion can be reduced as much as possible through low-temperature storage, the scion can be in a low-activity state before grafting, nutrients are reserved for the growth after grafting, and the grafting survival rate is further improved. In addition, in the technical scheme, after grafting is finished, the rootstock does not need to be subjected to wound treatment in the initial grafting stage like the prior art, the damage of the rootstock in the initial grafting stage can be reduced as much as possible, the rootstock is prevented from repairing damage and competing for nutrients with the scion, and therefore the survival rate of grafting is improved.
The beneficial effects of this technical scheme lie in:
1. according to the technical scheme, before grafting, the water evaporation of the scions can be avoided as far as possible through the pretreatment of the scions, the nutrients of the scions are reserved, and the grafting survival rate is improved.
2. According to the technical scheme, after grafting is finished, stock shearing treatment is not needed to be carried out on the stocks in the early stage of grafting, damage of the stocks in the early stage of grafting can be reduced as much as possible, and nutrients are prevented from being contended with scions due to damage repair of the stocks; and the grafting process is simplified, and the labor investment is reduced.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the step b, the scion is selected from an annual dormant branch or a young shoot with leaves, and when the scion is the young shoot with leaves, the leaves are removed before grafting.
In the technical scheme, the scion is selected as the annual dormant branch, so that the scion is in a dormant state with low nutrient consumption before grafting, and excessive nutrient consumption is avoided; when the scion is selected as a new shoot with leaves, the nutrients consumed by the self-respiration can be reduced by removing the leaves before grafting, the nutrient consumption of the scion can also be reduced after grafting, more nutrient supply interfaces of the scion and the stock can be healed, and the grafting survival rate is further improved.
Preferably, as an improvement, the scion is provided with at least one bud, and the cutting position of the scion is 2-3cm above the bud.
In the technical scheme, strong basic conditions can be provided for scion germination by carrying buds on the scions.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the step b, the scion is sealed and refrigerated in such a way that the cross section of the scion is sealed by a wet towel or a preservative film and then stored in a refrigerator.
Among this technical scheme, can guarantee through wet towel parcel that the scion section keeps moist, and then reuse plastic wrap is sealed can avoid wet towel and scion section moisture evaporation, through with it storage in the fridge, can provide an environment that is similar to the dormancy for the scion, reduces the nutrient consumption of self.
Preferably, as a modification, the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerator is 4 to 10 ℃.
In the technical scheme, the refrigeration temperature can reduce the activity of the scion and avoid freezing injury of the scion due to too low temperature, and is a suitable storage temperature.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the step c, two wedge surfaces are arranged at the bottom end of the scion, the two wedge surfaces are symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of the scion as a center, and the surfaces of the two wedge surfaces are smoothly arranged.
In the technical scheme, the contact area between the scion and the internal tissues of the rootstock can be increased by arranging the bottom end of the scion in a manner that the two wedge surfaces are symmetrically arranged; in addition, the surface of the wedge surface is smooth, so that the frictional resistance between the rootstock and the scion in the grafting process can be reduced, and the success rate of grafting is improved.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the step c, the cambium of the scion is butted with the cambium of the rootstock when the wedge surface of the scion is inserted into the grafting notch of the rootstock.
In the technical scheme, the survival rate of grafting can be improved by ensuring the butt joint of the forming layer of the scion and the stock.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the step d, survival is checked 10-15d after grafting, and if no survival is detected, the grafting is performed.
According to the technical scheme, survival condition examination and timely supplementary grafting are performed in time after grafting, and cost loss caused by grafting failure can be reduced.
Preferably, as an improvement, the rootstock is subjected to rootstock cutting and sprout removal treatment 30-45 days after grafting.
In the technical scheme, the stock is not required to be cut before grafting, and after grafting, the cut stocks are easy to sprout on the base parts and the branches, so that the stocks are cut in time and sprout removal treatment is carried out, the sprouts can be prevented from competing for the nutrients of the scions, and the good growth of the scions is ensured.
Preferably, as an improvement, in the management step after the step d, a growth regulator can be periodically sprayed, wherein the growth regulator is a mixed solution of indoleacetic acid and kinetin, the concentration of the indoleacetic acid is 50mg/L, and the concentration of the kinetin is 10 mg/L.
In the technical scheme, the indoleacetic acid and the kinetin are safe and effective after long-term verification, and have the advantages of wide sources, easy obtainment and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a refrigerator body in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view at a1 in fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a pickup unit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an enlarged view at a2 in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the refrigerator comprises a refrigerator body 1, a servo motor 2, an accommodating cavity 3, a door 4, a handle 5, a roller 6, a placing partition plate 7, an insertion groove 8, a water receiving disc 9, a water guide pipe 10, a blocking cover 11, a placing ring 12, a supporting seat 13, a bidirectional screw rod 14, an adjusting block 15, a taking rod 16, an insertion strip 17 and a handle 18.
Example one
The labor-saving cultivation method of the citrus grafted seedlings comprises the following steps:
step a: selecting rootstocks;
step b: preparing a scion, selecting an annual dormant branch or a young shoot with leaves of a citrus which is free of plant diseases and insect pests and is positioned at the middle upper part of a plant and has the diameter of 6-8mm as the scion, wherein the scion is at least provided with one bud, the cutting position of the scion is positioned 2-3cm above the bud, when the scion is the young shoot with leaves, the leaves are removed before grafting, after the section is stained with wax, the scion is sealed by a wet towel or a preservative film and stored in a refrigerator, and the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerator is 4-10 ℃;
step c: b, seedling grafting, namely cutting off the position 8-10cm away from the ground of the stock in the step a, cutting a 1-3cm grafting opening on the stock after the section is cut flat, and using for later use; cutting the bottom end of the scion in the step b into two symmetrically arranged smooth wedge surfaces, quickly inserting the wedge surface end of the scion into the grafting opening of the stock to ensure that the cambium of the scion is butted with the cambium of the stock, and tightly binding and sealing the grafting opening by using a grafting film;
step d: managing after grafting, and regularly spraying a growth regulator (or not spraying the growth regulator as appropriate) after grafting, wherein the growth regulator is a mixed solution of indoleacetic acid and kinetin according to the volume ratio of 1:1, the concentration of the indoleacetic acid is 50mg/L, and the concentration of the kinetin is 10 mg/L; checking survival condition 10-15 days after grafting, if not, performing additional grafting, and performing stock cutting and bud removing treatment 30-45 days after grafting.
The fridge in this embodiment is the vertical fridge structure among the prior art, and fridge sliding connection a plurality of horizontal settings place the baffle, places the scion that remains to use on the baffle, before the grafting, when taking the scion, operating personnel will place the baffle and take out, with the scion transfer to wait the position of grafting can.
After grafting is finished, the method does not need to carry out wound treatment such as stock shearing on the stocks in the early stage of grafting, can reduce the damage of the stocks in the early stage of grafting as much as possible, and avoids the damage of the stocks in the early stage of grafting from competing for nutrients with scions due to repair damage of the stocks; and the grafting process is simplified, and the labor investment is reduced.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: the fridge in this embodiment includes fridge body 1, and the top of fridge body 1 is fixed with servo motor 2 through the bolt, is provided with in the fridge body 1 and holds chamber 3, and the front side that holds chamber 3 is provided with the opening, and the opening part is connected with two relative settings of opening the door 4 through hinge rotation, and two 4 can open respectively or close to opening to realize that open-ended part/whole is opened or is closed, two open the door 4 all bond on the lateral part that is close to each other and have handle 5. The bottom of refrigerator body 1 rotates and is connected with four gyro wheels 6, and convenient operation is laborsaving because the position of refrigerator body 1 is removed to accessible gyro wheel 6.
Hold in the chamber 3 and be equipped with four vertical setting's lifter (not shown in the figure) through the bolt rigid coupling, the lifter in this embodiment is common electric lift pole among the prior art, just can control electric lift pole's lift process through automatically controlled button promptly, and structure and automatically controlled principle are no longer repeated here. The side wall of the electric lifting rod is provided with a plurality of concave placing grooves. Transverse placing clapboards 7 are placed between the placing grooves, as shown in a combined figure 2, inserting grooves 8 are formed in the top ends of the placing clapboards 7, and the placing clapboards 7 are used for placing stand-by scions.
The bottom of the accommodating cavity 3 is connected with a water receiving tray 9 with an opening at the upper part in a sliding manner, the side part of the water receiving tray 9 is communicated with a soft water guide pipe 10, and one end, far away from the water receiving tray 9, of the water guide pipe 10 is connected with a blocking cover 11 in a threaded manner.
The lateral part of refrigerator body 1 still is fixed with a plurality of rings of placing 12, place and all place the subassembly of taking in the ring 12, combine fig. 3, shown in fig. 4, the subassembly of taking is including the supporting seat 13 of horizontal setting, the recess of horizontal setting is seted up to the bottom of supporting seat 13, the recess internal rotation is connected with horizontal two-way lead screw 14, two screw thread portions of two-way lead screw 14 all overlap be equipped with threaded connection's regulating block 15 with it, the equal lateral sliding connection in the recess in top of regulating block 15, the bottom of regulating block 15 all is fixed with the pole 16 of taking of vertical setting, the pole 16 of taking in this embodiment also is electric telescopic handle, can realize flexible through electric control button. The outer side parts of the taking rods 16 are fixedly connected with vertically arranged insertion strips 17, and the insertion strips 17 can be inserted into the insertion grooves 8. The top rigid coupling of supporting seat 13 has the handle 18 of vertical setting, all overlaps on the handle 18 to be equipped with anti-skidding cover.
During the in-service use, to-be-used scion is tied up the successive layer and is placed and keep in on placing baffle 7, when needs use the scion to carry out the grafting, operating personnel according to the size (10 branches are tied a bundle/20 branches are tied a bundle etc.) that the scion was tied, adjust the distance between two take poles 16, and is concrete, rotate two-way lead screw 14, two-way lead screw 14 rotates the regulating block 15 that drives threaded connection with it and slides along the recess of supporting seat 13, because the soon of two screw thread portion of two-way lead screw 14 is opposite, make two regulating block 15 be close to each other or keep away from the removal, and then drive two take poles 16 and be close to each other or keep away from the removal, realize the adjustment of distance between two regulation poles.
Then operating personnel takes a handle 18 of a pole 16 of taking in one hand, the pole 16 of taking is violently put, make the insertion strip 17 on the pole 16 of taking insert in placing the insertion groove 8 of baffle 7 bottom, the direction of pole 16 of taking is realized with the cooperation of insertion groove 8 to insertion strip 17, then upwards lift two poles 16 of taking, make two poles 16 of taking shift up, thereby shift to between two poles 16 of taking from placing baffle 7 with the scion, then take two poles 16 of taking outwards, just can take out the scion in the refrigerator body 1, because there are more spines on the scion branch of oranges and tangerines, it is not only convenient but also can avoid the finger to stab through the pole 16 of taking, the security of using has been improved, and certain isolation and the effect of protection also can be played to operating personnel's hand to the setting of supporting seat 13.
After the scion on of lower floor takes, need take out the scion of upper strata, at this moment, because the higher inconvenient problem of taking of existence in position of scion, control lifter descends this moment, drives the upper end and places baffle 7 and descend, repeats foretell step of taking, just can be with the quick taking out of the scion after descending.
In the process of storing the scion in the refrigerating box body 1, water drops may be generated, the water receiving tray 9 is used for receiving the water, after a certain amount of water is stored in the water receiving tray 9, an operator can open the plugging cover 11 in a rotating mode, the water is led out along the water guide pipe by 10 times, the unified collection of the water can be achieved, and the operation is convenient.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention and common general knowledge in the art of designing and/or characterizing particular aspects and/or features is not described in any greater detail herein. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The labor-saving cultivation method of the citrus grafted seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a: selecting rootstocks;
step b: preparing scions, namely selecting citrus branches which are free of diseases and insect pests and are positioned at the middle upper part of a plant and have the diameter of 6-8mm as the scions, and soaking the scions with wax before grafting and then sealing and refrigerating the scions;
step c: b, seedling grafting, namely cutting off the position 8-10cm away from the ground of the stock in the step a, cutting a 1-3cm grafting opening on the stock after the section is cut flat, and using for later use; cutting the bottom end of the scion in the step b into a wedge surface, inserting the wedge surface end of the scion into a grafting opening of the stock, tightly attaching the scion and the stock, and sealing the grafting opening by using a grafting film;
step d: and then managing.
2. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step b, the scion is selected from annual dormant branches or young shoots with leaves, and when the scion is the young shoots with leaves, the leaves are removed before grafting.
3. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: the scion is provided with at least one bud, and the cutting position of the scion is 2-3cm above the bud.
4. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 3, characterized in that: and in the step b, the sealing and refrigerating mode of the scion is that the cross section of the scion is sealed by a wet towel or a preservative film and then is stored in a refrigerator.
5. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 4, characterized in that: the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerating box is 4-10 ℃.
6. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step c, two wedge surfaces are arranged at the bottom end of the scion, the two wedge surfaces are symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of the scion as a center, and the surfaces of the two wedge surfaces are smoothly arranged.
7. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 6, characterized in that: and c, when the wedge surface of the scion is inserted into the grafting opening of the stock, butting the cambium of the scion with the cambium of the stock.
8. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step d, the survival condition is checked 10-15d after grafting, and if the survival condition is not detected, the supplementary grafting is carried out.
9. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 8, characterized in that: and after 30-45d of grafting, performing stock cutting and sprout removing treatment on the stock.
10. The labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the management step after the step d, a growth regulator can be regularly sprayed, wherein the growth regulator is a mixed solution of indoleacetic acid and kinetin, the concentration of the indoleacetic acid is 50mg/L, and the concentration of the kinetin is 10 mg/L.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010623312.3A CN111527902A (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010623312.3A CN111527902A (en) | 2020-06-30 | 2020-06-30 | Labor-saving cultivation method of citrus grafted seedlings |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113179777A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-30 | 南京林业大学 | Connecting device for grafting landscape ginkgo tree |
| CN114451157A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-05-10 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Oranges and tangerines stock curved stock device |
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Application publication date: 20200814 |