CN107494177A - A kind of Table Grape off-season cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to horticultural gardening technical field, and in particular to a kind of Table Grape off-season cultivation method.This method is to choose mid-early maturity Table Grape Varieties, one inferior fruit of ripe harvesting mid-June to mid-July, anti-season second fruit facility cultivation is carried out after harvesting：Cut in late August to summer during early September, the middle tip that hibernaculum is carried out when annual bearing young sprout is trimmed, and extract all blades, force hair hibernaculum, bud picking to determine the tip, pinching；When the lowest temperature is less than 10 DEG C after autumn, temperature of shed is adjusted by double-deck grape shed and automatic temperature control equipment, make after autumn night temperature of shed be not less than 10 DEG C；Second fruit is in the ripe harvesting of late December to late January.The present invention solves the problems such as temperature adjusting of off-season cultivation, and second fruit can be caused to start maturation during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, fully achieve the production of anti-season grape, avoids grape and concentrates listing period, to obtain more preferable economic benefit.

Description

A kind of Table Grape off-season cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of Table Grape off-season cultivation method, belong to horticultural gardening technical field.

Background technology

Grape is one of most ancient fruit tree species in the world, there is cultivation all over the world, nutritious, rich in sugared, organic A variety of nutriments such as acid, protein and vitamin, the maturity period of grape is mainly in 7-10 months, in the market grape at present Fresh fruit mainly for should the phase in 6-11 months, other times apparent availability is seldom, mostly import or storage grape class, compares It is single.In order to adjust the market supply phase of grape, meet the market demand, increase the plantation income of grape, related personnel couple The cultivation research of grape two crops a year has been carried out, has achieved corresponding achievement.Mainly spring forcing culture：Individual layer is utilized in advance Greenhouse or double-deck greenhouse (north utilizes heliogreenhouse) heat to grape, it is germinateed ahead of time, yield positive results, about can Early 20 to 40 days, in the case where the southern phenological period inherently compares morning, early-maturing variety can be advanceed on mid-March City.

Also autumn delayed cultivation：Utilize existing late variety, the maturity period, button canopy delayed cultivation could in 9, October Tree two months or so is hung, i.e., can reach also has Table Grape supply December.

Also one kind is to utilize summer bud second branch result, this Dai Tongtang of mode two, easily causes nutrient supply deficiency, product Matter declines, and supplies phase same delayed cultivation.

To sum up, there be limitation the off-season cultivation supply phase of comparative maturity at present, can only ensure before New Year's Day and mid-March Afterwards, a February is without the ripe grape of batch；Secondly summer bud second fruit damages larger to tree body, easily influences then and next year Yield；The delayed cultivation extension tree phase is equally lossy, and supply time has limitation.The new fresh grape supply phase of mass marketed at present In mid-March to by the end of December, 1,2 months still space.

The content of the invention

Insufficient existing for existing technology in order to solve, the present invention provides a kind of Table Grape off-season cultivation method.The party Method reaches the cultivation that anti-season grape is realized while production cost is reduced, and the supply phase for the grape that can effectively stagger, carries The high viticultural economic benefits of unit area.

To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows：

A kind of Table Grape off-season cultivation method, mid-early maturity Table Grape Varieties are chosen, an inferior fruit is in mid-June to 7 The middle of the month ripe harvesting, stays about every mu 1500 fringes of fruit amount；Anti-season second fruit facility cultivation is carried out after the harvesting of one inferior fruit, it is described anti- The season method of second fruit facility cultivation is：Top dressing culture tree vigo(u)r after the harvesting of one inferior fruit；In late August to the summer during early September Cut, the middle tip for when annual bearing young sprout stay 6-8 hibernaculum is trimmed, and extract all blades, hair hibernaculum is forced, after germinateing Carry out bud picking and determine the tip, the tip is away from 20cm；After growing young sprout, young sprout spends the last week to young sprout by 8-12 piece leaves perpendicular to main stem bondage Pinching is carried out, 2 pairs are stayed slightly under pinching mouth, remaining pair is slightly erased, and the sublateral shoot after Tipping under pinching mouth stays 3-4 leaves repeatedly Pinching；When the lowest temperature is less than 10 DEG C after autumn, temperature of shed is adjusted by double-deck grape shed and automatic temperature control equipment, makes night after autumn Between temperature of shed be not less than 10 DEG C；Second fruit is in the ripe harvesting of late December to late January.Stay about every mu 1500 fringes of fruit amount.

In the present invention, the cultivation of an inferior fruit can use conventional method, such as：Mid-early maturity Table Grape Varieties are chosen, it is previous Carried out after year winter fruit harvesting the winter cut, the sterilizing of clear garden；1 bearing basal shoot is selected and remain every 20cm when winter cuts, bearing basal shoot is carried out Stay the short cane pruning of 2-3 bud；The tip is determined in bud picking after germination, and the tip is away from 20cm；Normal cultivation management is carried out after growing young sprout；One inferior fruit In ripe harvesting mid-June to mid-July, about every mu 1500 fringes of fruit amount are stayed.

Above-mentioned anti-season second fruit facility cultivation processing, is recommended to be cultivated using diesis " Y " type frame posture, may advantageously facilitate The sprouting of clip hibernaculum and the growing way of second fruit, facility plastic greenhouse use double layer plastic greenhouse.

As Fig. 1, spacing width of first of the steel wire of diesis Y type frame away from the 3rd steel wire common at present are left in 80cm The right side, it is proposed that being improved, spacing of first of steel wire away from the 3rd steel wire is increased to 100cm after improvement, because entering During row pruning modes, the trim mode of middle tip trimming is taken, causes setting fruit position outer can move, tied up climing and avoid new for convenience The tip is long beyond steel wire and fractures, so to widen spacing, while can also strengthen the growth potential of young sprout.

Above-mentioned anti-season second fruit facility cultivation requires management with reference to high quality and stable yield planting technology, from field planting, with organic Based on fertilizer, to promote well developed root system, while specification cultivation technology method, up to high and stable yields purpose.

Being heated into grape shed described in above-mentioned anti-season second fruit facility cultivation, on the basis of double-deck canopy button canopy, in canopy Grape in the ranks installs air blast warming-up device, while using automatic temperature control equipment regulation temperature of shed, makes night temperature of shed after autumn Not less than 10 DEG C.In addition, control rudiment maximum temperature to before blooming is no more than 35 DEG C, florescence maximum temperature is no more than 25 DEG C, fruit Real puberty maximum temperature is no more than 35 DEG C.

The present invention using double-deck greenhouse one be in order to play a part of insulation, second, can reduce post facility heating into This.

In the inventive method, during whole temperature adjusting the control of lowest temperature be：The lowest temperature is not detained when being higher than 10 DEG C Canopy, only it is used as to take shelter from rain；The lowest temperature first detains the first layer film of double-deck greenhouse when being less than 10 DEG C, ensure that night is not less than 10 DEG C； When first layer plastic sheeting is hermetically sealed, nocturnal temperature is also below 10 DEG C, then second layer plastic sheeting sealed；When two layers of modeling After expecting that film all seals, automatic temperature control equipment detects meeting automatic start temperature raising device compensation temperature when temperature of shed is less than 10 DEG C Degree.

The invention provides the anti-season viticultural optimization process period, while work out grape anti-season growth period Between controllable preference temperature of each stage.

(1) selection on the period：Upper difference of different grape variety processing times, is provided with period check experiment Different time sections processing by the end of September is arrived from early August, causes to fall wherein flower bud development is bad, temperature is higher before showing as August 20 Flower, temperature is relatively low during the developments of the post processing of September 10, facility heating cost increase, so considering in August 20 days to 9 During months 10 days preferably, September after 10 days secondly, calculate and consider from grape breeding time, it is not recommended that processing after October, the can be influenceed Two annual bearings.(2) selection on temperature is selected come what is embodied mainly in conjunction with the period, and the temperature of different time sections is not Together, while the maximum temperature upper limits of different growing periods is set according to grape optimum growh developmental temperature, and minimum temperature is current It is tested to 10 DEG C.

The present invention has been carried out the experiment in cultivation of anti-season second fruit and taken by double layer plastic greenhouse combination facility temperature control device Must succeed, solve the problems, such as the temperature adjusting of off-season cultivation, can make it that first season fruit starts maturation June, second fruit in Start maturation during New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, fully achieve the production of anti-season grape, avoid grape and concentrate listing period, to take Obtain more preferable economic benefit.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is diesis " Y " type frame posture schematic diagram.

Embodiment

Choose " liquor-saturated gold is fragrant " grape, to implement kind, to cultivate using facility double layer plastic greenhouse, be equipped with auto temperature controlled system And air blast warming-up device.

Winter pruning is carried out December, divests the withered bark of tree body, Qing Yuan, full garden sprays the killing of 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs Bacterium and worm's ovum of surviving the winter；1 full bearing basal shoot is selected and remain every 20cm, bearing basal shoot stay the short of 2-3 bud when winter cuts The tip is trimmed；Bud picking is carried out after germination in March, and bud picking principle is gone by force weak to stay, and is left；Carried out when sprouting is grown to 5-10cm Determine the tip, now may determine that whether young sprout has flower, the tip is away from 20cm；Excessive inflorescence is removed simultaneously, mu stays the fringe of fringe amount about 1500, Hua Qian Inflorescence shaping is carried out, while to young sprout stay the pinching of 8-12 piece leaves within one week, 2 pairs are stayed under pinching mouth slightly, remaining is secondary slightly equal Erase, the sublateral shoot after Tipping under pinching mouth stays the pinching repeatedly of 3-4 leaves；Rear fruit is spent to carry out fruit thinning set when having soybean grain size Bag；One inferior fruit is in ripe harvesting mid-June to mid-July, per mu yield about 750kg.

Top dressing culture tree vigo(u)r after the harvesting of one inferior fruit；Carrying out the summer after before the August 25 days cuts, to carrying out staying 6- when annual bearing young sprout The middle tip trimming of 8 hibernaculums, while extract all blades, forces hair hibernaculum, and bud picking is carried out after germinateing and determines the tip, the tip away from 20cm, its His growth management same spring；Rudiment maximum temperature to before blooming is controlled to be no more than 35 DEG C after autumn, all wound membranes are opened logical during this Wind, preventing and treating high temperature cause fallen flowers；Florescence maximum temperature is no more than 25 DEG C, and fruit development period maximum temperature is no more than 35 DEG C, in canopy When the lowest temperature is less than 10 DEG C, according to the first outer canopy of button, then detain interior canopy, temperature in the sequential adjustment canopy of automatic temperature control equipment is finally opened Degree, ensures that each stage temperature is in favourable scope.Main management is identical with an inferior fruit in other growth courses, and second fruit is 1 The ripe harvesting of the first tenday period of a month to the early Febuary moon, per mu yield about 750kg.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Table Grape off-season cultivation method, mid-early maturity Table Grape Varieties are chosen, an inferior fruit is in mid-June to July The middle ten days ripe harvesting, anti-season second fruit facility cultivation is carried out after inferior fruit harvesting, it is characterised in that：After the harvesting of one inferior fruit, stay About every mu 1500 fringes of fruit amount；The method of the anti-season second fruit facility cultivation is：Top dressing culture tree vigo(u)r after the harvesting of one inferior fruit；In Late August to the summer during early September is cut, and the middle tip for when annual bearing young sprout stay 6-8 hibernaculum is trimmed, and is extractd all Blade, forces hair hibernaculum, and bud picking is carried out after germinateing and determines the tip, the tip is away from 20cm；After growing young sprout, young sprout is perpendicular to main stem bondage, flower The last week carries out pinching to young sprout by 8-12 pieces leaf, and 2 pairs are stayed slightly under pinching mouth, and remaining pair is slightly erased, and is plucked after Tipping Sublateral shoot under the pit of the stomach stays the pinching repeatedly of 3-4 leaves；When the lowest temperature is less than 10 DEG C after autumn, by double-deck grape shed and automatic temperature-controlled set Standby regulation temperature of shed, make after autumn night temperature of shed be not less than 10 DEG C；Second fruit is adopted in late December to late January maturation Receive.

2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in anti-season second fruit facility cultivation, using diesis " Y " Type frame posture is cultivated, and may advantageously facilitate the sprouting of clip hibernaculum and the growing way of second fruit, facility plastic greenhouse uses double layer plastic greenhouse.

3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that first of steel wire of diesis " Y " the type frame posture away from The spacing of 3rd steel wire is 100cm.

4. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that it is characterized in that：Control rudiment highest temperature to before blooming Degree is no more than 35 DEG C, and florescence maximum temperature is no more than 25 DEG C, and fruit development period maximum temperature is no more than 35 DEG C.