CN110150010B - Method for cultivating disease-free citrus reiculata container seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating disease-free citrus reiculata container seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0297—Grids for supporting several receptacles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of an Or cultivation method, and particularly provides a cultivation method of an Or disease-free container seedling, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a substrate, (2) transplanting seedlings, (3) managing after grafting, (4) preventing and treating main plant diseases and insect pests, and the like. According to the method, by optimizing the matrix formula, the hybrid citrus seedlings are placed into a seedling culture container for effective fermentation, and then are transplanted with citrus fertile rootstocks (Ziyang fragrant oranges and the like) or grafted citrus fertile seedlings, so that the germination of citrus rootstocks or citrus fertile seedlings is facilitated, and the hybrid citrus seedlings grow dark green. By applying the self-prepared water-soluble fertilizer and alternately spraying the water-soluble fertilizers with different formulas, the effects of regular germination, strong growth vigor, dark green leaf color and strong and full nursery stocks can be achieved; meanwhile, the main plant diseases and insect pests are comprehensively controlled through chemical agents, physical intervals (such as net sheds and seedling raising frames) and the like, so that the cultured Wo citrus container seedlings are neat in germination and strong in growth vigor, and the growth and development of the transplanted Wo citrus seedlings are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of an Or cultivation method, and particularly provides a cultivation method of an Or disease-free container seedling.
Background
The wogonin originates from Volcani agricultural research center in Israel, and is obtained by hybridizing and breeding tanpul orange and Danxi red orange. The Chongqing research institute of Citrus of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences is named as Wo gan at fixed time. The Wo citrus has the characteristics of beautiful appearance, high late-maturing and sugar content, high yield and quality, vigorous tree vigor, cold resistance, drought resistance, yellowing resistance, sunscald resistance, less fruit cracking and fruit dropping, storage and transportation resistance, harvesting in a low-season fruit and the like. High economic benefit and wide market prospect, and is suitable for popularization in various places in Guangxi province. However, the Or is susceptible to canker, and strict control on the Or in the seedling stage is required.
Compared with bare-rooted seedlings, the disease-free container seedlings are not easy to hurt roots and have high survival rate. The difference of the matrix, fertilizer, management mode and the like used by the rootless container seedlings also has important influence on the growth vigor of the container seedlings of the citrus reishi, so that the growth condition of the citrus reishi after transplanting is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the cultivation method of the disease-free container seedlings of the Wo oranges is provided, the high-quality disease-free container seedlings are provided by optimizing seedling culture matrixes, fertilizer formulas, management modes and the like, and transplanting, planting and popularization of the Wo oranges are facilitated.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cultivation method of disease-free container seedlings of Or comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the matrix: the seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following components in volume ratio: bagasse ash: rice husks: rotten animal manure = 3: (1-2): (1-2): (1-2). Loose new soil is preferably adopted as red mud soil; the bagasse ash has low cost (about 100 yuan per cubic meter), and is rich in elements such as potassium and the like; the cost of the chaff is low (about 120 yuan per cube), and the chaff is beneficial to reducing the specific gravity and increasing organic matters after being mixed into the matrix; the decomposed excrement is favorable for killing germs, viruses, parasites and the like in the excrement, and is favorable for forming primary slow-release fertilizer effect and reducing physiological root burning phenomenon.
(2) Filling the substrate into a container: loading the substrate into a container; watering the substrate in the container, and fermenting for 10-15 days. The substrate is put into a seedling culture container for further fermentation and then the seedlings are transplanted, which is beneficial to heating, sterilization and disinfection of the substrate and fusion and release of nutrient components, and reduces the occurrence of root burning.
(3) Transplanting the seedlings: transplanting stock seedlings or Or seedlings which are detected to be free from diseases such as citrus yellow shoot, canker, recession disease, skin cracking disease, leaf shattering disease and the like by sampling into a well-fermented container, and placing the container on a seedling raising frame in a seedling raising net shed. The seedlings are planted in the seedling raising container with the seedling raising matrix, and compared with bare-rooted seedlings in planting soil, the seedlings grow more vigorously, have strong and developed root systems and are convenient to transport; and can be directly transplanted, and the damage to the root system is small. The seedling raising container is placed on the seedling raising frame for cultivation, so that the seedlings are separated from soil, and compared with the situation that the seedling raising container is directly placed on the soil, the seedling raising container can reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, reduce the use of pesticides and is beneficial to cultivation of healthy seedlings. Meanwhile, water accumulation can be prevented, the root system of the stock is prevented from being hard to move out when being deeply pricked into soil, and the root system of the seedling is prevented from being damaged when the seedling is transplanted. In addition, the temperature around the nursery stock is maintained, so that the nursery stock is not easy to be sunburned.
(4) Managing after transplanting: after the seedlings are transplanted, sufficient root fixing water is sprayed, water is sprayed every 1-2 days for the first three times, and water is sprayed every 3-5 days after the leaves naturally stretch; spraying the water-soluble fertilizer every 15-20 days after the sprout is germinated.
(5) The main pest control; and (3) preventing the canker, and spraying an A + B mixed medicament to the nursery stock in the high-incidence period of the canker for 5-9 months, wherein the medicament A is a three-kilo or basic copper sulfate medicament, and the medicament B is zineb or mancozeb, and is sprayed once every 15-20 days. Other pest control is carried out according to a conventional method, and the nursery stock is ensured to be a disease-free container seedling.
(6) Stock seedling grafting: selecting disease-free, full and aged Or scions in 1-2 months, and grafting the scions onto stock seedlings by a scion grafting method; in 7-8 months, disease-free, full and mature disease-free Wo citrus scions are selected and grafted to rootstock seedlings by a side grafting method. And the Wo citrus seedlings do not need to be grafted and are only cultivated and managed according to the method.
Further, in the step (1), the weight ratio of red mud: bagasse ash: rice husks: decomposed manure = 2: 1:1: 1.
further, in the step (1), the decomposed animal manure is decomposed cow manure or sheep manure. Compared with poultry excrement, the organic fertilizer is not easy to attract underground pests, and has better effect when being matched with organic matters such as red soil and the like.
Furthermore, the seedling raising container is a plastic cup, the height of the seedling raising container is 33-35cm, the width of the upper opening is 10-12cm, and the width of the lower opening is 8-10 cm.
Further, in the step (3), the citrus aurantium is selected as the stock, and the height of the seedling is 15-20 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a first water-soluble fertilizer and a second water-soluble fertilizer, and the first water-soluble fertilizer and the second water-soluble fertilizer are alternately used; the first water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components with water: the fertilizer is prepared by adding 25-30L of Gendele, 10-12L of Fendehon, 25-30kg of 19-19-19 macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of Nopof and 25-30kg of Gaomaidie fertilizer into per 10000kg of water; the second water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components with water: the macroelement water soluble fertilizer is characterized in that macroelement water soluble fertilizer with 18-18-18 parts of deep root algae, seaweed dew, 20-24L of leguminous deep algae, 20-24kg of seaweed dew, 20-24kg of leguminous deep algae and 40-48kg of macroelement water soluble fertilizer with 18-18-18 parts of golden largess are added into 10000kg of water.
Further, in the step (5), the A reagent is 46% of 1500-fold liquid or 27.12% of 1200-fold liquid containing basic copper sulfate 1000, and the B reagent is 80% of 500-fold liquid or 80% of 800-fold liquid containing mancozeb 500.
Further, in the step (5), the red spider disease is also prevented, and 99% of mineral oil 200-.
Further, in the step (3), the seedling raising net shed adopts a net with more than 40 meshes; the seedling raising frame comprises support legs and screen plates arranged on the support legs, outer frames are arranged on two sides of each screen plate and made of angle steel, the screen plates are fixed with the outer frames through bolts, and guardrails are arranged above the outer frames; and reinforcing ribs are arranged below the screen plate. Further, in the step (2), the substrates are loaded into the container by using a container loading machine, the container loading machine comprises a support, a container box arranged on the support and a cover hinged with the container box, a plurality of grooves are uniformly distributed in the container box, the cover is provided with a plurality of through holes, the size and the position of each through hole are matched with those of the grooves, and a pressing sheet protruding towards one side of the container box is arranged on the edge of each through hole on the inner side of the cover. When the container pressing piece is used, the container is placed into the groove, the opening of the container is just level with the opening of the groove, the cover is covered, and at the moment, the pressing piece is just inserted into the container to fix the container. After the cover is fixed with the box body, the matrix is filled above the cover and spread and compacted, and the matrix falls into the container from the perforation of the cover, thus completing the filling of the matrix. Because the container box can be used for simultaneously placing a plurality of containers, the substrates of the containers can be filled at one time, the filling is uniform, the operation is simple and convenient, and the efficiency is high.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. by optimizing the matrix formula, the citrus stocks or the grafted Wo citrus seedlings are transplanted after being placed into a seedling culture container for further fermentation, so that tillering of the seedlings after root burning is avoided, and the seedlings grow dark green. Meanwhile, the matrix raw materials are easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the method is favorable for popularization and application.
2. By applying the self-prepared water-soluble fertilizer and alternately spraying the water-soluble fertilizers with different formulas; meanwhile, the diseases and the pests are comprehensively controlled by chemical agents, physical intervals (such as net sheds and seedling raising frames) and the like, so that the seedlings of the hybrid oranges are regular in germination, strong in growth vigor, dark green in leaf color, robust and full in seedling, and favorable for growth of the transplanted hybrid oranges.
3. The Wo citrus container seedlings cultivated by the method have developed root systems, strong green growth vigor and no infectious diseases, can be directly transported and transplanted, and compared with bare-rooted seedlings, the Wo citrus container seedlings are not easy to damage roots and have high survival rate; meanwhile, the matrix in the seedling culture container is slowly released, which is also beneficial to the growth of the transplanted seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a container filling machine;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the seedling rack.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-bracket, 2-container, 3-cover, 4-groove, 5-perforation, 6-tabletting, 7-wheel, 8-mesh plate, 9-outer frame, 10-guardrail, 11-reinforcing rib and 12-support leg.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A scientific research base is built in Guangxi agricultural science institute in Guangxi Ming district of Guangxi Nanning in 2016 to cultivate disease-free citrus seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the matrix: the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing the following components in volume ratio: bagasse ash: rice husks: rotten animal manure = 2: 1:1: 1. the red soil is loose new soil; the bagasse ash is purchased in the market, and each cube is 100 yuan; the chaff is 120 yuan per cube, and the specific gravity is reduced and organic matters are increased after the chaff and the ground substances are mixed; the decomposed manure is the decomposed sheep manure, so that germs, viruses, parasites and the like in the manure can be eliminated, and meanwhile, the preliminary slow-release fertilizer effect can be formed, and the physiological root burning phenomenon can be reduced.
(2) Seedling planting: and filling the prepared matrix into a seedling container by using a container filling machine, watering, moistening, fermenting for 12 days, and then transplanting the Ziyang orange rootstock into the seedling container in a cuttage manner. The seedling raising container is a plastic cup, the height of the seedling raising container is 35cm, the width of an upper opening is 10cm, and the width of a lower opening is 8 cm.
As shown in fig. 1, the container machine comprises a support 1, a container box 2 arranged on the support 1, and a cover 3 hinged to the container box 2, wherein a plurality of grooves 4 are uniformly distributed in the container box 2, the cover 3 is provided with a plurality of through holes 5, the size and the position of each through hole 5 are matched with those of the grooves 4, and the edge of each through hole 5 on the inner side of the cover 3 is provided with a pressing sheet 6 protruding towards one side of the container box. Wheels 7 are arranged below the support, and the support is convenient to move.
When the container is used, the container is placed into the groove 4, the opening of the container is just flush with the opening of the groove 4, the cover 3 is covered, and at the moment, the pressing sheet 6 is just inserted into the container to fix the container. After the cover 3 is fixed to the container 2, the substrate is loaded on the cover 3, and the cover is spread and compacted, and the substrate falls into the container from the perforation 5 of the cover 3, thereby completing the filling of the substrate. Because the container box can be used for simultaneously placing a plurality of containers, the substrates of the containers can be filled at one time, the filling is uniform, the operation is simple and convenient, the efficiency is high, and the large-scale planting application is facilitated.
The stock is planted in a seedling container with a seedling medium, compared with bare-rooted seedlings in planting soil, the stock is more vigorous in growth, strong and developed in root system and convenient to transport; and can be directly transplanted, and the damage to the root system is small. The matrix is placed into a seedling culture container for further fermentation and then transplanted into the stock, which is beneficial to the disinfection of the matrix and the fusion and release of nutrient components, can reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and is beneficial to the cultivation of disease-free container seedlings.
(3) Seedling management: and placing the transplanted seedling culture container on a seedling culture frame in a seedling culture net shed. The seedling raising net shed adopts a net with more than 40 meshes. After the seedlings are transplanted, sufficient root fixing water is sprayed, water is sprayed every 1-2 days for the first three times, and water is sprayed every 3-5 days after the leaves naturally stretch; spraying the water-soluble fertilizer every 15-20 days after the sprout is germinated.
As shown in fig. 2, the seedling raising frame comprises support legs 12 and a screen plate 8 arranged on the support legs 12, wherein outer frames 9 are arranged on two sides of the screen plate 8, the outer frames 9 are made of angle steel, the screen plate 8 is fixed with the outer frames 9 through bolts, and guardrails 10 are arranged above the outer frames 9; and reinforcing ribs 11 are arranged below the screen plate 8.
The seedling raising container is placed on the seedling raising frame for cultivation, so that the seedlings are separated from soil, and compared with the situation that the seedling raising container is directly placed on the soil, the seedling raising container can reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, reduce the use of pesticides and is beneficial to cultivation of healthy seedlings. Meanwhile, water accumulation can be prevented, the root system of the stock is prevented from being hard to move out when being deeply pricked into soil, and the root system of the seedling is prevented from being damaged when the seedling is transplanted. In addition, the temperature around the nursery stock is maintained, so that the nursery stock is not easy to be sunburned. The seedling raising net shed adopts a net with more than 40 meshes, which is favorable for blocking the spread of the huanglongbing. When the sun is strongly irradiated, the sunshade net can be opened, the citrus reticulata seedlings are prevented from being sunburned, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.
(4) Pest control; and (3) preventing the canker, and spraying an A + B mixed medicament to the nursery stock in the high-incidence period of 5-9 months, wherein the A medicament is 46% triple 1500-fold liquid and the B medicament is 80% zineb 500-fold liquid and the B medicament is 2000-fold liquid. Spraying every 15-20 days. For preventing and treating red spider disease, 43 percent of bifenazate 3000-4000-fold liquid and 20 percent of etoxazole 3000-4000-fold liquid are sprayed. Other pest control is carried out according to a conventional method, and the nursery stock is ensured to be a disease-free container seedling.
Stock seedling grafting: in 1-2 months, selecting disease-free, full and mature Or scions, and grafting by adopting a cutting grafting method. Meanwhile, part of the stock seedlings are respectively selected to be grafted in 5 months and 10 months. The results are shown in Table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the Wo citrus by the cut grafting method in spring is obviously higher than that in summer and autumn, and because the paper strip content of the autumn tips is full, the temperature in spring is more suitable for grafting. In summer, because of high temperature and much humidity, the grafting is easy to be infected by anthracnose, and the survival rate is very low.
Other cultivation and management methods are carried out according to the conventional method.
Example 2
The present embodiment is also cultivated in a scientific research base built in Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences in Guangxi Mining, Guangxi, and the cultivation method is similar to that of embodiment 1, and the difference is as follows: the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing the following components in volume ratio: bagasse ash: rice husks: rotten animal manure = 3: 2: 2: 1.
comparative example 1
The cultivation process is similar to that of example 1, with the following differences: the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing the following components in volume ratio: turfy soil: chaff =1:1: 1.
Comparative example 2
The cultivation process is similar to that of example 1, with the following differences: the seedling substrate is pure red soil.
Comparative example 3
The cultivation process is similar to that of example 1, with the following differences: the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by volume: vermiculite = 10: 1
The 5 methods are adopted to cultivate citrus stock seedlings and transplant and graft citrus. The plant height and plant stem after one year of stock cultivation and one year of grafted mandarin orange planting are measured respectively, and the overall growth vigor of the plants is recorded, and the results are as follows.
As can be seen from Table 2, the seedling raising substrate is prepared by mixing red soil, bagasse ash, chaff and decomposed animal manure according to a certain proportion, is most beneficial to the growth of the Or seedlings, has low cost and is beneficial to popularization and application.
Example 3
In 2017, a scientific research base is built in Guangxi agricultural science college in Guangxi Mining district, Guangxi Nanning city, and the method for cultivating the disease-free citrus container seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of the matrix: the seedling culture substrate is prepared by mixing the following components in volume ratio: bagasse ash: rice husks: rotten animal manure = 2: 1:1: 1. the red soil is loose new soil; the bagasse ash is purchased in the market, and each cube is 100 yuan; the chaff is 120 yuan per cube, and the specific gravity is reduced and organic matters are increased after the chaff and the ground substances are mixed; the decomposed manure is the decomposed sheep manure, so that germs, viruses, parasites and the like in the manure can be eliminated, and meanwhile, the preliminary slow-release fertilizer effect can be formed, and the physiological root burning phenomenon can be reduced.
(2) Seedling planting: filling the prepared matrix into a seedling container, watering, moistening, fermenting for 10 days, and then transplanting the Ziyang orange rootstock into the seedling container in a cuttage manner. The seedling raising container is a non-woven bag plastic cup, the height of the seedling raising container is 35cm, the width of an upper opening is 12cm, and the width of a lower opening is 10 cm.
(3) Seedling management: and (3) placing the transplanted seedling culture container on a seedling culture frame in a seedling culture net shed, spraying enough root fixing water after the seedlings are transplanted, spraying water every 1-2 days for the first three times, and spraying water every 3-5 days after the leaves naturally stretch. And spraying the water-soluble fertilizer every 15-20 days after the sprouts germinate, wherein the dosage of each seedling is 0.25-0.5 kg, and the dosage is determined according to the growth vigor in the whole growing season. The water-soluble fertilizer comprises a first water-soluble fertilizer and a second water-soluble fertilizer, and the first water-soluble fertilizer and the second water-soluble fertilizer are alternately used; the first water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components with water: the fertilizer is prepared by adding 25L of Gentle, 10L of Fengdai essence, 25kg of Norpopex macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 25kg of Gagmai double-enzyme fertilizer into per 10000kg of water; the cost of the combined suit is about 2500 yuan. The second water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components with water: the root algae deep, the seaweed dew, the mellea elegant and golden great macroelement water soluble fertilizer are added into per 10000kg of water, and 7.5L of the root algae deep, 20L of the seaweed dew, 20kg of the mellea elegant and golden great macroelement water soluble fertilizer is added into the water; the cost of the combined suit is about 900 yuan.
(4) Pest control; and (3) preventing the canker, and spraying an A + B mixed reagent to the nursery stock in the high-incidence period of 5-9 months, wherein the A reagent is 1200 times of 27.12 percent basic copper sulfate and 800 times of 80 percent mancozeb 600. Spraying every 15-20 days. For preventing and treating red spider disease, spraying 22.4 percent of spirotetramat 3000-. Other pest control is carried out according to a conventional method, and the nursery stock is ensured to be a disease-free container seedling.
Other cultivation and management methods are carried out according to the conventional method.
Comparative example 4
The cultivation method is similar to that of example 2, and the differences are as follows: the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing root poly dragon and common water-soluble fertilizer according to the following weight ratio: 17-17-17 common water soluble fertilizer =1: 1.
comparative example 5
The cultivation method is similar to that of example 2, and the differences are as follows: the seedling culture substrate is prepared from coconut chaff: the decomposed chicken manure is prepared from the following raw materials in a weight ratio of 1:1 blending; the water-soluble fertilizer is a common water-soluble fertilizer.
And (3) cultivating the Or seedlings by adopting the 2 methods. The lengths of the first and second shoots of the Wo citrus seedlings were measured, respectively, and the overall growth thereof was observed, with the following results.
As can be seen from table 3, water soluble fertilizers of different formulations were sprayed alternately by applying a self-formulated water soluble fertilizer; the seedlings of the Or and the method have regular germination and strong growth vigor, and are favorable for the growth of the transplanted Or and the method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and the like. And the water-soluble fertilizer has moderate overall cost and is beneficial to popularization.
In conclusion, by optimizing the formula of the matrix, the hybrid citrus seedlings are placed into a seedling culture container for effective fermentation and then transplanted, so that tillering of the hybrid citrus seedlings is facilitated, and the hybrid citrus seedlings grow dark green. By applying the self-prepared water-soluble fertilizer and alternately spraying the water-soluble fertilizers with different formulas; meanwhile, the diseases and insect pests are comprehensively controlled by chemical agents and physical intervals (such as net sheds, seedling raising frames and the like), so that the seedlings of the Or are regular in germination and strong in growth vigor, and the growth of the transplanted Or is facilitated.
It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method of disease-free container seedlings of Or is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of the matrix: the seedling culture substrate is prepared from the following components in volume ratio: bagasse ash: rice husks: rotten animal manure = 3: (1-2): (1-2): (1-2);
(2) filling the substrate into a container: loading the substrate into a container; watering the substrate in the container, and fermenting for 10-15 days;
(3) transplanting the seedlings: transplanting the rootstock seedlings or the Or citrus grandis seedlings which are detected to be disease-free by sampling into a fermented container, and placing the container on a seedling raising frame in a seedling raising net shed;
(4) managing after transplanting: after the seedlings are transplanted, sufficient root fixing water is sprayed, water is sprayed every 1-2 days for the first three times, and water is sprayed every 3-5 days after the leaves naturally stretch; spraying water-soluble fertilizer every 15-20 days after the sprout is germinated; the water-soluble fertilizer comprises a first water-soluble fertilizer and a second water-soluble fertilizer, and the first water-soluble fertilizer and the second water-soluble fertilizer are alternately used; the first water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components with water: the fertilizer is prepared by adding 25-30L of the Gendele, 10-12L of the Fendehon, 25-30kg of the 19-19-19 macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of the Norplene and 25-30kg of the Gaomaidie fertilizer into per 10000kg of water; the second water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components with water: the macroelement water soluble fertilizer is characterized in that macroelement water soluble fertilizer with the root, the algae, the golden medium and the golden medium of 18-18-18 is added, and the macroelement water soluble fertilizer with the root, the algae, the golden medium and the golden medium of 7.5-9L, the algae, 20-24L, the golden medium and the golden medium of 20-24kg and 40-48kg are added in per 10000kg of water;
(5) the main pest control; preventing canker, spraying A + B mixed agent to nursery stock in the high-incidence period of 5-9 months, wherein the A agent is sanqian or alkali copper sulfate, the B agent is zineb or mancozeb, and the spraying is carried out once every 15-20 days; the A medicament is 46 percent of 2000-fold liquid capable of killing triple-1500-fold or 27.12 percent of 1200-fold liquid capable of killing basic copper sulfate 1000-fold, and the B medicament is 80 percent of 700-fold liquid capable of killing zineb 500-fold or 80 percent of 800-fold liquid capable of killing maneb 600-fold;
(6) stock seedling grafting: selecting disease-free, full and aged Or scions in 1-2 months, and grafting the scions onto stock seedlings by a scion grafting method; in 7-8 months, disease-free, full and mature disease-free Wo citrus scions are selected and grafted to rootstock seedlings by a side grafting method.
2. The method for cultivating disease-free container seedlings of Or [ 1 ], wherein in the step (1), the ratio of red soil: bagasse ash: rice husks: decomposed manure = 2: 1:1: 1.
3. the method for cultivating disease-free container seedlings of Or V-shaped citrus according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the decomposed animal waste is decomposed cow or sheep waste.
4. The method for cultivating disease-free citrus reticulata container seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seedling container is in a hollow round table shape, the height of the seedling container is 33-35cm, the width of an upper opening is 10-12cm, and the width of a lower opening is 8-10 cm.
5. The cultivation method of the disease-free container seedlings of Or, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the parental stock is Ziyang fragrant orange with plant height of 15-20 cm.
6. The cultivation method of the disease-free container seedling of the Or, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), red spider disease is also prevented and controlled, and at low temperature in winter, 99% mineral oil 200-.
7. The method for cultivating disease-free container seedlings of Or, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the seedling cultivation net shed is a net of 40 mesh or more; the seedling raising frame comprises support legs and screen plates arranged on the support legs, outer frames are arranged on two sides of each screen plate and made of angle steel, the screen plates are fixed with the outer frames through bolts, and guardrails are arranged above the outer frames; and reinforcing ribs are arranged below the screen plate.
8. The method for cultivating disease-free citrus seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the substrate is loaded into the container by a container loader comprising a support, a container box mounted on the support, and a cover hinged to the container box, wherein the container box is uniformly provided with a plurality of grooves, the cover is provided with a plurality of through holes, the size and position of the through holes match those of the grooves, and the edge of the through hole on the inner side of the cover is provided with a pressing piece protruding towards one side of the container box.
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Application publication date: 20190823 Assignee: Yangshuo Qixianfeng Tea Industry Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046031 Denomination of invention: A Method for Cultivating Disease Free Container Seedlings of Citrus Granted publication date: 20210820 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190823 Assignee: Yangshuo Yulong River Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046028 Denomination of invention: A Method for Cultivating Disease Free Container Seedlings of Citrus Granted publication date: 20210820 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190823 Assignee: Guizhu Jinju Professional Cooperative in Baisha Town, Yangshuo County Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046026 Denomination of invention: A Method for Cultivating Disease Free Container Seedlings of Citrus Granted publication date: 20210820 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190823 Assignee: Guangxi Nanning Yuancheng Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046024 Denomination of invention: A Method for Cultivating Disease Free Container Seedlings of Citrus Granted publication date: 20210820 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |