CN102498842A - Method for producing virus-free potato breeder's stock - Google Patents
Method for producing virus-free potato breeder's stock Download PDFInfo
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- CN102498842A CN102498842A CN2011103105745A CN201110310574A CN102498842A CN 102498842 A CN102498842 A CN 102498842A CN 2011103105745 A CN2011103105745 A CN 2011103105745A CN 201110310574 A CN201110310574 A CN 201110310574A CN 102498842 A CN102498842 A CN 102498842A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing virus-free potato breeder's stock. The method comprises the step of: planting virus-free potato test tube seedlings in a medium composed of nutrient soil at the lower layer, river sand at the middle layer and vermiculite at the upper layer so as to carry out mixed three-dimensional layered planting. The method has the characteristics that: the production cost of the potato breeder's stock is greatly reduced, and the unit area producing number of seeds and the weight of single grain are greatly improved at the same time, so that the production bottle-neck restriction of the potato breeder's stock is overcome, and the breeding and popularization and application of the virus-free potato are accelerated, thus elevation of the production level of potato and rapid development of the potato industry are promoted.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of producing virus-free potato primary stock.
(2) background technology
A key factor that influences potato yield is the viral degeneration of potato.Average underproduction 30%-80% behind the potato infective virus.Utilize biotechnology to carry out detoxification and produce the method that virus-free potato seed is at present effectively preventing virus disease, breeding in the production of virus-free seed potato, breeder's stock production is bottleneck.Breeder's stock production yields poorly, efficient is poor, the cost height is the key that the restriction toxicity-removing white potato is applied.Virus-free potato primary stock utilizes detoxification test tube plantlet in insect protected solarium booth, to produce and breeds out.And detoxification test tube plantlet culturing room's constant temperature, high humidity, the low light level according to (light), airtight blake bottle in, produce under the poor condition of ventilating, thereby test-tube plantlet is more tender and crisp, slim and frahile.Directly utilize soil to plant test-tube plantlet, test-tube plantlet generally all be difficult to become to live or survival rate extremely low.Be employed in all generally at present that fly net is indoor to be utilized soilless culture substrates such as vermiculite, peat, perlite to carry out test-tube plantlet to plant production detoxification breeder's stock.Soilless culture substrate has overcome the ventilative not enough shortcoming of loosing soil; Effectively improve test-tube plantlet and planted survival rate; But soilless culture substrate self does not have nutrition basically or fertilizer efficiency is lower, mainly sprays by nutrient solution, and nutrition supply is not enough; Make it that individual plant knot potato number is few, simple grain is little, the general output of China is at 300-500 grain/m
2, average simple grain focuses on 2-2.5g.Simultaneously, all with soilless culture substrate such as vermiculite, peat, perlite etc. and to spray cost with nutrient solution very high, general 10000m
2, cultivation matrix promptly needs about 200,000 yuan, and the breeder's stock individuality is little simultaneously, makes the breeding stock working condition requirement of following season high, yields poorly, and this has further improved potato seed again and has bred cost, and these potato seeds that all limited toxicity-removing white potato are bred and large scale application.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of high efficiency, low cost to produce the method for virus-free potato primary stock.
Adopt a kind of novel cultivation method to produce virus-free potato primary stock; When significantly reducing the breeder's stock production cost; It is heavy significantly to improve breeder's stock unit are production quantity and simple grain; To overcome the restriction of breeder's stock production bottleneck, accelerate breeding and applying of toxicity-removing white potato, thereby promote the raising of potato production level and the fast development of Potato Industry.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is: it is that nutrition soil, middle level are that river sand, upper strata are in the seedbed of vermiculite that the toxicity-removing white potato test-tube plantlet is planted in lower floor.
Realize that the better and economic method of the object of the invention effect is:
Nutrition soil thickness 10-15cm, river sand thickness 5-7cm, vermiculite thickness 2-3cm.
Transplant before the toxicity-removing white potato test-tube plantlet place that test-tube plantlet is placed on seeding room or windowsill scattered light intensity, refining seedling 5-7 days.
Keep air humidity behind the virus-free potato test tube plantlet transplanting within 10-15 days about 90%, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃.
The virus-free potato test tube plantlet transplanting degree of depth with blade not contacting substrate be advisable.
Detoxification test tube plantlet constant temperature, high humidity, the low light level according to (light), airtight blake bottle in, produce under the poor condition of ventilating, thereby test-tube plantlet is more tender and crisp, slim and frahile.In the design: the soilless culture substrate vermiculite is layered on the superiors, can loose, ventilative good environment be provided for toxicity-removing white potato test-tube plantlet root system primary growth, it is alive to help planting into of test-tube plantlet; Lower floor's nutrition soil helps for the middle and later periods growth of test-tube plantlet prescribing adequate nutrition being provided, and improves the output of breeder's stock; The middle level is a river sand, and river sand combines with vermiculite, helps overcoming the shortcoming that the vermiculite water imbibition is too strong, water penetration is not enough, combines with soil, can improve the physicochemical character of soil, make soil non-sclerous, do not harden, help expanding of potato piece.Through such collocation by different level; For test-tube plantlet provides the satisfactory texture and the sufficient balanced fertility nutrition of loose, ventilative a, preserve moisture and fertility, both overcome the malnourished shortcoming of pure substrate culture, overcome pure soil again and be prone to sclerosis, harden; Structure is poor, and test-tube plantlet is planted the low shortcoming of survival rate.
The simple and clear specification requirement of embodiment of the present invention:
1, cultivates high-quality toxicity-removing white potato test-tube plantlet: mainly utilize detoxic seedling to produce sturdy test-tube plantlet in group training chamber.Before transplanting test-tube plantlet is placed on the place of seeding room or windowsill scattered light intensity, refining seedling 5-7 days.
2, make up the three-dimensional layering cultivation seedbed that mixes: the nutrition soil behind the about 10-15cm of seedling furrow bottom elder generation shop one deck, spread the thick river sand of 5-7cm then in the middle level, the upper strata repaves the vermiculite of 2-3cm.The optional common vegetable garden soil of nutrition soil according to the potato nutrient uptake feature, is surveyed soil and is joined become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer and an amount of chemical fertilizer of executing nutritive elements such as containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, for test-tube plantlet growth is created abundant nutrient environment.Fertilizer must fully become thoroughly decomposed, and fertilizer will spread fertilizer over the fields evenly.
3, strict sterilization: cultivating seedling furrow when arrangement, remove the inside and outside weeds of net canopy, residual branch dead leaf, mix and spread control soil insect medicament, soil, matrix carried out the thorough disinfection sterilization processing, be strictly on guard against the soil insect pest that spreads disease with disinfectant.
4, meticulously cultivation: transplant to soak the seedling furrow the previous day and irrigate overlay film, the leveling of loosening the soil once more in second day, then by the seeding row spacing test-tube plantlet that clean is good plant into; Unfold root system, the degree of depth with blade not contacting substrate be advisable, plant the light seedling base portion of pressing in back; And, wash the earth on the blade face with the sprayer water spray, drip and water the seedling base portion; Matrix is closely contacted, rear arch film heat and moisture preserving with root system.
5, precision management: keep air humidity after transplanting within 10-15 days about 90%, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃.Drew the sunshade net to shelter from heat or light noon when autumn air temperature was high; Suitably ventilate every day in the morning and evening; Water was watered in the seedbed of epiphragma in 7 days 2 times, and water is not watered 1-2 time in the seedbed of epiphragma every day; When winter temperature was low, the two embrane methods of utilization: promptly horticultural covering film added little shed film, and water waters less or do not water.After 10-15 days, film opens to all gradually and opens.Water based on doing wet situation later in good time.Transplant and spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate weekly once after 40 days.
6, the strict extermination of disease and insect pest: per 7～10 days of middle and later periods spray medicine is anti-to eliminate aphis and late blight etc. each 1 time, when finding diseased plant, immediately diseased plant is removed or pulled out to sick leaf, and sprays medicine 3-4 time continuously.
The inventive method only is not applicable to the production of potato primary stock, and the large tracts of land that is equally applicable to flowers and other plant test-tube plantlet expands numerous cultivation.
Experiment and production application show that the present invention compares with conventional method, and unit are is produced potato grain number increases 50-230%, and unit are is produced potato weight increases 90-500%, and average simple grain heavily increases 20-90%, and production cost reduces about 50%.The inventive method makes the detoxic seedling root system go deep in the loam drawing sufficient nutrition, light knot potato in loose vermiculite river sand, thus realize that the knot potato is many, tie potato greatly and the purpose that reduces cost greatly.
(4), embodiment
Embodiment 1: contrast experiment-the inventive method and conventional method are used contrast
Autumn in 2007 handled for 5 kinds with vermiculite, perlite, vermiculite+perlite, river sand, nutrition soil+river sand+vermiculite respectively and does the cultivation seedbed; Each is handled thickness and is 18cm; Wherein handle 5 and be nutrition soil 10cm+ river sand 5cm+ vermiculite 3cm; Nutrition soil is vegetable garden soil, and every square metre is added compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 40g, phosphorus ammonium 30g, urea 10g, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 10g, the withered 150g mixing of the paulownia of becoming thoroughly decomposed.Each is handled kind and is the river taro early, respectively plants test-tube plantlet 10m by seeding row spacing 5cmx7cm
2Repeat for 3 times.Before the results, sampling send the plant quarantine station detection of Sichuan Province Department of Agriculture not contain PVX, PVY, PLRV, PVS, PVM, six kinds of viruses of PVA.Result of the test such as following table.
Different cultivation matrixes are produced virus-free potato primary stock output and matrix cost information slip
Annotate: raising the output, amount of increase in production, cost reduction amplitude are mixing layering stereo cultivation method and other each processing of nutrition soil+river sand+vermiculite and compare.
In various processing, it is best that processing 5 promptly mixes layering stereo cultivation method effect, and output is the highest, on average gathers in the crops 718/m of breeder's stock
2, meter 2168.3g/m
2, increase grain 67%, raising the output 134.5% than handling 1; 2 amounts of increase in production are the highest than handling, and increase respectively to reach 234%, 514.9%; Single potato block size also has apparent in view raising, and the average simple grain 3.02g that weighs produces the heavy 2.15g weightening finish of average simple grain 0.87g than handling 1, and simple grain weightening finish amplitude reaches 40.5%; Than handling the heavy 1.54g weightening finish of 4 average simple grains 1.48g, the weightening finish amplitude reaches 96.1%.And the matrix cost reduces greatly, compares with processing 1,2,3, and the matrix cost reduces by 58.3%, 46.4%, 53.1% respectively.
Result of the test shows: handle the method for 5 production breeder's stocks, compare the effect of increasing production highly significant with current other main production method, its output comprises that quantity, weight all show significantly raising the output, and the potato seed size also has a more substantial increase; Under the situation that the matrix cost reduces greatly, realized the remarkable increase of breeder's stock unit are production output, the remarkable weightening finish that simple grain is heavy.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt for 2009 autumns and handle 5 mixing chpn cultivation method; Earlier evenly spread fertilizer over the fields compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50g, phosphorus ammonium 30g, urea 10g, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 10g, the withered 200g of the paulownia of becoming thoroughly decomposed for last every square metre at vegetable garden soil (thickness 12cm); After cover the thick back of river sand 5cm mixing, on repave vermiculite 3cm, carry out test-tube plantlet according to specification requirement again and plant and manage; Cultivar is a Qin taro 30, plants area 96m
2, amount to results breeder's stock 207kg, 74000, on average produce breeder's stock 2156.3g/m
2, 771/m
2Before the results; The expert group that Department of Agriculture sends through Sichuan Province carries out the scene sampling to plant; Then by the Plant Quarantine in Sichuan station according to the GB requirement, carry out DAS-ELISA virus and detect, detect 6 kinds of viruses (PVX, PVY, PLRV, PVS, PVM, PVA); The result does not all contain detection virus, qualification rate 100%.
Embodiment 3:
Spring in 2010; In 10 simple plastic greenhouse, all adopt processing 5 to mix solids and be divided into cultivation method; Seedling furrow thickness is 25cm, wherein nutrition soil 15cm (executing compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 60g, phosphorus ammonium 30g, urea 15g, fused calcium magnesium phosphate 10g, the withered 200g of the paulownia of becoming thoroughly decomposed for every square metre), river sand 7cm, vermiculite 3cm, and other is all operated according to simple and clear specification requirement; Cultivar is No. 10, dam potato, plants area 1200m
2Before results, carry out plant sampling and the detection of DAS-ELISA virus by Sichuan Province Department of Agriculture plant quarantine station.1200m as a result
2Gather in the crops virus-free potato primary stock 2517kg altogether, 90.36 ten thousand, average yield is 2097.5g/m
2, 753/m
2Virus testing result: all do not contain and detect virus, qualification rate 100%.
Claims (5)
1. method of producing virus-free potato primary stock is characterized in that: it is that nutrition soil, middle level are that river sand, upper strata are to mix the chpn cultivation in the matrix of vermiculite that the toxicity-removing white potato test-tube plantlet is planted in lower floor.
2. the method for production virus-free potato primary stock according to claim 1 is characterized in that: nutrition soil thickness 10-15cm, river sand thickness 5-7cm, vermiculite thickness 2-3cm.
3. the method for production virus-free potato primary stock according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: transplant before the toxicity-removing white potato test-tube plantlet place that test-tube plantlet is placed on seeding room or windowsill scattered light intensity, refining seedling 5-7 days.
4. the method for production virus-free potato primary stock according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: keep air humidity behind the virus-free potato test tube plantlet transplanting within 10-15 days about 90%, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃.
5. the method for production virus-free potato primary stock according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the virus-free potato test tube plantlet transplanting degree of depth with blade not contacting substrate be advisable.
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Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103461029A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-25 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | Flower-fruit pot soil structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN103798011A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-05-21 | 李永成 | Mountain natural isolation breeding technology for virus-free potato stock seeds |
| CN105123211A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-09 | 杨胜成 | Honeysuckle planting method |
| CN106171444A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method of potato primary stock |
| CN106258975A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-04 | 遵义华富生物科技有限公司 | A kind of potato primary stock production method |
| CN106561327A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Nutrient soil for pomegranate seed-seedling growing |
| CN107439199A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 迪庆州农业科学研究所 | A kind of virus-free potato primary stock efficient breeding method |
| CN107646614A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-02 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of transplanting seedbed for being used to produce potato primary stock |
| CN107652127A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-02 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer for being used to produce potato primary stock |
| CN107736244A (en) * | 2017-10-22 | 2018-02-27 | 威海市农业科学院 | Potato Shoot-tips peel off detoxifying fast breeding method |
| CN107827491A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-23 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer with insecticidal action |
| CN107873443A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-04-06 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of method for producing potato primary stock |
| CN107889720A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-10 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of transplanting seedbed with insecticidal action |
| CN109502756A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-22 | 苏州科技大学 | Microbial ecological bed |
| CN112753509A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-07 | 广西大学 | Seedling cultivation method suitable for potato water culture test |
| CN112970546A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-18 | 河北农业大学 | Method for cultivating potato breeder seeds through tissue culture seedlings |
| CN113170715A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-27 | 乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院 | Soil for culturing potato seedlings and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113728998A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-03 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Soil disinfection device and disinfection method for vegetable soil-borne diseases |
| CN113940246A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-18 | 内蒙古中加农业生物科技有限公司 | Potato original stock breeding matching technology |
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Cited By (25)
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| CN103461029A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-25 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | Flower-fruit pot soil structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN103461029B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-04-29 | 东莞市农业科学研究中心 | Flower-fruit pot soil structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN103798011A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-05-21 | 李永成 | Mountain natural isolation breeding technology for virus-free potato stock seeds |
| CN105123211A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-09 | 杨胜成 | Honeysuckle planting method |
| CN106171444A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method of potato primary stock |
| CN106258975A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-04 | 遵义华富生物科技有限公司 | A kind of potato primary stock production method |
| CN106561327A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-19 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Nutrient soil for pomegranate seed-seedling growing |
| CN107439199A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 迪庆州农业科学研究所 | A kind of virus-free potato primary stock efficient breeding method |
| CN107873443A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-04-06 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of method for producing potato primary stock |
| CN107827491A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-23 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer with insecticidal action |
| CN107646614A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-02 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of transplanting seedbed for being used to produce potato primary stock |
| CN107652127A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-02 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer for being used to produce potato primary stock |
| CN107736244A (en) * | 2017-10-22 | 2018-02-27 | 威海市农业科学院 | Potato Shoot-tips peel off detoxifying fast breeding method |
| CN107889720A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-04-10 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | A kind of transplanting seedbed with insecticidal action |
| CN112136644A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-12-29 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | Preparation method of transplanted seedbed |
| CN112136645A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-12-29 | 固原天启薯业有限公司 | Application of transplanting seedbed in potato breeding |
| CN109502756B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-03-22 | 苏州科技大学 | Microbial ecological bed |
| CN109502756A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-22 | 苏州科技大学 | Microbial ecological bed |
| CN112753509A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-07 | 广西大学 | Seedling cultivation method suitable for potato water culture test |
| CN112753509B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-03-11 | 广西大学 | Seedling cultivation method suitable for potato water culture test |
| CN112970546B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2022-07-29 | 河北农业大学 | Method for cultivating potato breeder seeds through tissue culture seedlings |
| CN112970546A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-18 | 河北农业大学 | Method for cultivating potato breeder seeds through tissue culture seedlings |
| CN113170715A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-07-27 | 乌兰察布市农牧业科学研究院 | Soil for culturing potato seedlings and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113728998A (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2021-12-03 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Soil disinfection device and disinfection method for vegetable soil-borne diseases |
| CN113940246A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-18 | 内蒙古中加农业生物科技有限公司 | Potato original stock breeding matching technology |
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Application publication date: 20120620 |