CN117918080A - Rice field straw returning method for carbon fixation and emission reduction - Google Patents
Rice field straw returning method for carbon fixation and emission reduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN117918080A CN117918080A CN202410257645.7A CN202410257645A CN117918080A CN 117918080 A CN117918080 A CN 117918080A CN 202410257645 A CN202410257645 A CN 202410257645A CN 117918080 A CN117918080 A CN 117918080A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009406 nutrient management Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000359 Triticum dicoccon Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice field straw returning method for carbon fixation and emission reduction, which mainly comprises three aspects: firstly, gathering all straws in a field in a small area, uniformly ploughing and returning the straws to the field, and returning the rest areas without straws to the field; secondly, carrying out rain-raising moisture management on rice in a rice growing season in a straw concentrated returning area; thirdly, the straws are concentrated in the area which is not returned to the field in the next year, and the moisture management of the straw returning area and the straw-free returning area is carried out in reference to the area in the last year, and then the process is repeatedly circulated every year. The technology not only maintains the production habit of directly returning the straws to the field in the past, is easy to realize in practical operation, but also can flexibly plan the concentrated returning area and returning amount of the straws according to the size of the field and the total amount of the straws, and has strong flexibility. The technology can effectively reduce the total emission of greenhouse gases in the rice field and improve the organic carbon content of soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a carbon fixation and emission reduction rice field straw returning method.
Background
Moisture management and organic material addition are two of the most critical factors affecting rice field methane emission, and rice field is an important emission source of greenhouse gases CH 4 and N 2 O, and the emission of the rice field CH 4 is far higher than that of N 2 O, so that the emphasis of reducing the emission of the greenhouse gases is to reduce CH 4 emission. In production practice, returning crop straws to fields is beneficial to improving soil fertility and increasing yield and creating income, but returning the straws to fields under flooding conditions can obviously promote methane emission of rice fields, so that the rice fields are a huge carbon emission source, and smooth realization of agricultural double-carbon targets is hindered.
Compared with continuous flooding after the conventional uniform mixing Shi Hai of the straw and the continuous flooding after the conventional uniform mixing Shi Hai of the straw, the strip-shaped covering returning used in the early stage can obviously reduce methane emission by reducing direct contact of the straw and water, but the straw is difficult to be molded after long-time flooding before the straw is drained and roasted (about 40 days after transplanting), so that the strip-shaped effect is influenced, and insect egg diseases are easily caused to grow; in recent years, the methane carbonization and returning effect of the straw to the field is obvious, but the straw needs to be returned to the field after leaving the field, the comprehensive cost such as straw carbonization energy consumption is high, part of biochar is often caused to drift away along with flowing water during drainage and field baking, and the methane carbonization and returning method is difficult to popularize and apply in a large area in practical production.
In production, the straw rice season can be directly returned to the field to be non-rice Ji Haitian, so that the straw is decomposed in an aerobic environment, and CH 4 emission of the following rice season is reduced. However, the method also needs to transport the straws out of the field, and return the straws to the field after being placed in a season, so that on one hand, a certain amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, carbon emission during the storage of the straws is often easily ignored, and the underestimation of emission is caused; on the other hand, the method does not conform to the current habit of directly returning the mechanically-harvested straws to the field, particularly to a double-cropping rice area or a rice-wheat rotation area, and the effective treatment of the straws in the summer of the paddy field is still not well solved.
Therefore, how to provide a rice straw returning technology, which can remarkably reduce the total emission amount of comprehensive greenhouse gases (CH 4 and N 2 O) in the growing season of rice in a rice cropping system, saves time and labor, and is a problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a carbon-fixing and emission-reducing rice field straw returning method, which adopts a centralized rotation returning-to-field coupling rain-raising planting mode to obviously reduce CH 4 emission and greenhouse gas total emission of rice fields.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A carbon fixation and emission reduction rice field straw returning method comprises the following steps:
(1) Dividing a field to be treated into a returning area and a blank area, cutting all straws in the field to be treated, intensively returning the cut straws to the returning area, and uniformly turning over and returning the straws to the returning area before transplanting rice seedlings;
(2) A rain and nutrient management mode is adopted in the returning area, and a conventional water management mode is adopted in the blank area;
(3) Cutting crop straws in the next year, and then collecting the cut crop straws into a blank area of the previous year for returning to the field, namely converting the blank area of the previous year into a returning area, and managing according to the management mode of the step (2);
(4) And (3) circularly returning the field in the returning area and the blank area according to the steps.
Preferably, the area ratio of the returning area to the blank area in the step (1) is 1: (1-7).
Preferably, the cutting length of the straw in the step (1) is about 15 cm to 20 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the rain management mode specifically includes: and (3) flooding water for 10-15 days during rice transplanting, and then, no artificial irrigation is performed on the rice field until the rice is harvested.
Preferably, the conventional moisture management mode in step (2) specifically includes: the paddy field blocks are always in a flooded state within 35-40 days after the transplanting, then the paddy field blocks are roasted for 7-10 days after the mid-term drainage, then the paddy field blocks are rewatered for 10-15 days, irrigation is carried out once every 10-15 days in the later-stage paddy field, and no irrigation is carried out 7-10 days before the harvesting of the paddy field.
Compared with the prior art, the rice field straw returning method for carbon fixation and emission reduction has the following beneficial effects:
The rice straw returning technology of the invention can obviously reduce the total emission amount of comprehensive greenhouse gases (CH 4 and N 2 O) in the growing season of rice in a rice cropping system and can also improve the organic carbon content of soil, thereby achieving the purposes of carbon fixation and emission reduction. The technology not only maintains the production habit of directly returning the straws to the field in the past, is easy to realize in practical operation, but also can flexibly plan the concentrated returning area and returning amount of the straws according to the size of the field and the total amount of the straws, and has strong flexibility. And if the area of the concentrated straw returning area is too small but the straw returning amount is too large, even crops with less water consumption and drought resistance such as sweet potatoes, cassava and the like can be planted instead of rice, so that the grain yield of a whole farmland is ensured, and the method has strong selectivity. Finally, the technology can effectively reduce the total emission of greenhouse gases in the rice field and improve the organic carbon content of soil. Compared with the even mixed application of the straw, the concentrated rotation returning coupling rain-raising planting mode of the straw obviously reduces CH 4 emission and total greenhouse gas emission of the whole rice field, ensures the yield of the rice and increases the organic carbon content of the soil, thereby achieving the effects of carbon fixation and emission reduction under the stable yield condition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the technical scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparative view of greenhouse gas emission field experiment of example 1 and comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing comparison of organic carbon retention rates of inventive example 1 and comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The straw centralized rotation returning method is adopted to treat the rice fields of Ding Shuzhen Zhangcun villages (119.91 DEG E,31.28 DEG N) in Yixing city:
After crops are harvested in the first year, carrying and concentrating all straws to a 1/2 field area as a returning area, crushing the straws to 20cm long, and uniformly turning over and returning the straws to the field; the rest 1/2 field areas are returned to the field without straw and are used as blank areas.
The water management of rain-raising is carried out in the returning area, namely, the paddy rice is flooded for 10-15 days during transplanting, and then artificial irrigation is not carried out on the paddy field until the paddy rice is harvested under the condition that the normal growth of the paddy rice is ensured;
The blank area is conventional water management, namely, the field blocks are always in a flooded state within 35-40 days after the rice is transplanted, then the field is roasted for 7-10 days by draining water in the middle stage, then rehydration is carried out for 10-15 days, irrigation is carried out on the rice field in the later stage every 10-15 days, and no irrigation is carried out 7-10 days before the rice is harvested.
The crop straws are concentrated into the blank area in the first year in the second year, namely the returning area and the blank area are exchanged in the second year, and the cyclic treatment is carried out.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that 1/4 of the field area is selected as the return area and 3/4 of the area is selected as the blank area each year.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that 1/8 of the field area is selected as the return area and 7/8 of the area is selected as the blank area each year.
Comparative example 1
Straw evenly mixes Shi Haitian: after the crops are harvested, the straws are crushed to 20cm in length and are directly and uniformly ploughed and returned into the field. Before transplanting, the paddy field is subjected to secondary ploughing, harrowing, leveling and other operations according to local production habits, and then the paddy is planted. After the rice is transplanted, field moisture management is carried out according to local conventional moisture management, wherein the local conventional moisture management is that the field blocks are always in a flooded state within 35-40 days after the rice is transplanted, then the field is roasted for 7-10 days after medium-term drainage, then rehydration is carried out for 10-15 days, irrigation is carried out every 10-15 days in the later period, and no irrigation is carried out 7-10 days before the rice is harvested.
Experimental example
The gas samples were collected using the static chamber method for the fields of example 1 and comparative example 1 during rice growth, and were collected every 4 days. On each sampling day, 4 gas samples were collected from each cell with 24mL vacuum bottles every 10min from 9:00 am to 11:30 am.
The field test results for 2 years continuously show that in the paddy rice season, CH 4 emission and total greenhouse gas emission of the concentrated straw returning field are respectively 96.0-102kg ha –1 and 3.12-3.34t CO 2-eq t-1, which are obviously reduced by 19% and 17% compared with the uniform straw mixing application. The rice yield of the concentrated straw returning field is 5.61-5.77t ha –1, compared with the uniform straw mixed application, the concentrated straw returning field has no obvious difference (5.59-6.08 t ha –1). In addition, the soil organic carbon retention rate of the concentrated straw returning field is 0.37t of the Cha –1yr–1, which is 0.12t of the Cha –1yr–1 higher than that of the uniform mixed straw application (see figure 3). Therefore, in the season of rice, the straws are concentrated and returned to the field, and the water management of partial regional rain is combined, so that the total emission of greenhouse gases can be obviously reduced while the yield is ensured, the carbon fixation rate of organic carbon in soil is improved, and the method is an effective carbon fixation and emission reduction field management technology.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A carbon fixation and emission reduction rice field straw returning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Dividing a field to be treated into a returning area and a blank area, cutting all straws in the field to be treated, intensively returning the cut straws to the returning area, and uniformly turning over and returning the straws to the returning area before transplanting rice seedlings;
(2) A rain and nutrient management mode is adopted in the returning area, and a conventional water management mode is adopted in the blank area;
(3) Cutting crop straws in the next year, and then collecting the cut crop straws into a blank area of the previous year for returning to the field, namely converting the blank area of the previous year into a returning area, and managing according to the management mode of the step (2);
(4) And (3) circularly returning the field in the returning area and the blank area according to the steps.
2. The method for returning rice straw to the field with carbon sequestration and emission reduction as recited in claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the returning field area to the blank area in the step (1) is 1: (1-7).
3. The carbon sequestration and emission reduction rice field straw returning method according to claim 1, wherein the straw cutting length in the step (1) is 15-20cm.
4. The method for returning carbon-fixed and emission-reducing rice field straw to the field of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the rain-raising management mode specifically comprises: and (3) flooding water for 10-15 days during rice transplanting, and then, no artificial irrigation is performed on the rice field until the rice is harvested.
5. The method for returning rice straw to the field with carbon sequestration and emission reduction as recited in claim 1, wherein the conventional moisture management mode in the step (2) is specifically: the paddy field blocks are always in a flooded state within 35-40 days after the transplanting, then the paddy field blocks are roasted for 7-10 days after the mid-term drainage, then the paddy field blocks are rewatered for 10-15 days, irrigation is carried out once every 10-15 days in the later-stage paddy field, and no irrigation is carried out 7-10 days before the harvesting of the paddy field.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1774986A (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2006-05-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ricefield milk vetch cultivating method for saving cost and increasing production |
| CN101702966A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-05-12 | 东北农业大学 | Conservation tillage cultivation method |
| CN108093728A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | The method that paddy methane discharges after reduction wheat stalk returning |
| CN111066403A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-28 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Synchronous emission reduction CH4And N2O and method for improving soil fertility |
| AU2020100519A4 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-05-28 | Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center | Method for high rice yield by deep plowing and comprehensive soil nutrient management in south china |
| CN116369141A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-07-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | Annual fallow rotation and water-saving anti-stain cultivation method for rice and wheat |
-
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- 2024-03-07 CN CN202410257645.7A patent/CN117918080A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1774986A (en) * | 2005-12-06 | 2006-05-24 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ricefield milk vetch cultivating method for saving cost and increasing production |
| CN101702966A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-05-12 | 东北农业大学 | Conservation tillage cultivation method |
| CN108093728A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-06-01 | 江苏省农业科学院 | The method that paddy methane discharges after reduction wheat stalk returning |
| CN111066403A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-28 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | Synchronous emission reduction CH4And N2O and method for improving soil fertility |
| AU2020100519A4 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-05-28 | Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center | Method for high rice yield by deep plowing and comprehensive soil nutrient management in south china |
| CN116369141A (en) * | 2023-04-19 | 2023-07-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | Annual fallow rotation and water-saving anti-stain cultivation method for rice and wheat |
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