CN113661886A - Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion - Google Patents
Ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion Download PDFInfo
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- CN113661886A CN113661886A CN202110956325.7A CN202110956325A CN113661886A CN 113661886 A CN113661886 A CN 113661886A CN 202110956325 A CN202110956325 A CN 202110956325A CN 113661886 A CN113661886 A CN 113661886A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight and improving quality and efficiency by planting dandelion, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The method comprises the following steps: the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer before the pepper is planted is increased by 10-30% compared with the conventional amount; the pepper is planted in high ridges, double rows are arranged on the ridges, and the pepper is planted according to the conventional density; watering by adopting a drip irrigation mode under a mulching film, and covering the mulching film by adopting a black film; after the peppers are fixedly planted, dandelion is fixedly planted among the peppers in each hole of the pepper row; removing lateral branches and leaves below the capsicum according to the growth of the dandelion and the growth state of the capsicum; the dandelion is harvested for multiple times, namely, the dandelion is harvested when the leaves grow to 15-25 cm. According to the method, by reasonably planting the dandelion, the occurrence of the phytophthora blight of the main crop capsicum is effectively prevented and controlled, the yield of the main crop capsicum is increased, the quality of the capsicum is improved, the land utilization rate is increased, and the purpose of ecologically and efficiently planting the capsicum is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion.
Background
The pepper phytophthora blight is the most common disease in pepper production, and once the pepper phytophthora blight occurs, the pepper yield can be reduced by more than half, even the pepper cannot be produced. The pepper phytophthora blight belongs to soil-borne diseases, is mainly transmitted in soil, can also be widely transmitted through air, watering, wind and rain splashing, diseased plant residues and other ways, and has the characteristics of high transmission speed, strong transmission capability, difficult control and the like. At present, chemical pesticides are mostly adopted for prevention and treatment in production, but the prevention and treatment mode has the problems of pesticide residue, environmental pollution and the like, and meanwhile, the pesticide resistance is easy to generate, and the prevention and treatment effect is not obvious. Disease control is mainly prevention and treatment, although the production is also facilitated by intercropping leeks or other crops (such as purple perilla) and peppers to prevent and control pepper phytophthora blight, the leeks or other crops and the peppers are planted in interlaced lines or spaced ridges and respectively occupy respective spaces, so that the pepper planting area or the pepper plant number is reduced, and the pepper disease is effectively prevented and controlled in the mode, but the yield of the peppers which are main planted crops is greatly reduced.
Therefore, finding a safe and efficient method for preventing and treating pepper phytophthora blight without affecting pepper yield is a technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing the quality and the efficiency by planting dandelion, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and achieve the technical effects of enhancing the quality and the efficiency of pepper while preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides an ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer before the pepper is planted is increased by 10-30% compared with the conventional amount;
(2) the pepper is planted in high ridges, double rows are arranged on the ridges, and the pepper is planted according to the conventional density; the high ridge planting specifically refers to the fact that the ridge is 20-25 cm high.
(3) Watering by adopting a drip irrigation mode under a mulching film, and covering the mulching film by adopting a black film; the mulching film adopts the black film to cover, so that the growth of weeds can be effectively prevented, the artificial weeding cost is reduced, meanwhile, the use of herbicides can be avoided, and the mulching film is more environment-friendly and green while the cost is saved.
(4) After the peppers are fixedly planted, dandelion is fixedly planted among the peppers in each hole of the pepper row;
(5) timely removing side branches and leaves below the capsicum annuum; specifically, when the lateral branches at the axilla of the leaf below the capsicum frutescens are 1-2 cm long, the lateral branches are removed, and when the leaves of the dandelion are 10-15 cm long after the first harvest, all the leaves below the capsicum frutescens are removed.
(6) The dandelion is harvested for multiple times, namely, the dandelion is harvested when the leaves grow to 15-25 cm.
The capsicum frutescens is the first fruit of capsicum frutescens to grow. The removal of the lateral branches below the capsicum frutescens is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, and meanwhile, the nutrient consumption of the lateral branches can be reduced, so that the growth recovery of capsicum plants after field planting is facilitated; when the dandelion leaves harvested for the first time are 10-15 cm long, all the leaves below the capsicum are removed, the capsicum plants can be restored to grow and are in a rapid growth stage, and the leaves below the capsicum are removed mainly for ventilation and light transmission, so that the normal growth of the dandelion is not influenced. The dandelion is harvested when the dandelion leaves grow to 15-25 cm, the mouth feel and the quality of the dandelion as fresh food are affected due to the fact that the dandelion leaves grow too much, harvesting times are increased if the dandelion leaves grow too little, labor cost is increased, and the economic value of the dandelion with the too small growth cannot be maximized, so that comprehensive consideration is given to the fact that the dandelion is harvested when the dandelion leaves grow to 15-25 cm preferably.
Further, the dandelion is planted on the day of hot pepper planting or within 7 days of hot pepper planting.
Furthermore, 1-2 dandelion plants are planted among the peppers in each hole of the pepper row.
Further, the dandelion is 4-5 dandelion in the true leaf stage.
Furthermore, when the dandelion is collected for the last time, the whole dandelion plant with roots is dug, the overground part of the dandelion can be used as fresh vegetables for eating, and the roots of the dandelion can be used as raw materials for tea or medicated diet.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) the dandelion is a medicine and food dual purpose plant, the crude extract of the dandelion can effectively inhibit the hypha growth and spore germination of cucumber soil-borne disease blight, and has good prospects in the aspect of developing novel botanical pesticides. According to the invention, by using the ecological cultivation method of dandelion planting for pepper epidemic disease prevention and control and quality enhancement and efficiency improvement, on the premise of not influencing pepper planting density, through reasonable planting of dandelion, not only is the occurrence of pepper epidemic disease of main planted crops effectively prevented and controlled, but also the unit area land utilization rate and economic output are increased, the yield of the main planted crops of pepper is increased, the quality of pepper is improved, and the purpose of ecological planting of pepper is achieved.
(2) According to the invention, the occurrence of the pepper phytophthora blight can be effectively prevented and controlled by using the dandelion planting ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling the pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency, the prevention and control effect is 56.8% -80.2%, the occurrence of the phytophthora blight is delayed, compared with the single crop of pepper, the delay is 21-28 days, and the use of chemical pesticides is greatly reduced. After the dandelion is reasonably planted, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD enzyme, POD enzyme and PPO enzyme), chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic efficiency in the pepper body can be obviously improved, meanwhile, the activities of related enzymes (soil urease, soil sucrase and soil phosphatase) in the pepper rhizosphere soil are also obviously improved, the disease resistance of the pepper is improved, and the growth of the pepper is promoted. Compared with the single cropping of the pepper, the yield of the pepper is improved by 29.4-62.7%, the total yield per unit area is improved by 64.8-102.7%, and the economic benefit is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the nutritional quality of the hot pepper is also improved (the content of soluble protein is improved by 8.6-13.2%, and the content of soluble sugar is improved by 5.4-23.5%). The reasonable planting of the dandelion effectively prevents and controls the occurrence of pepper phytophthora blight, promotes the growth of the peppers and provides an effective technical guarantee for the ecological cultivation of the peppers.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
A certain pepper planting area is selected in suburb areas of Harbin of Heilongjiang for a planting test, the planting area is divided into 7 blocks for the planting test of each embodiment/comparison example, and each block is 200 +/-5 square meters (about 0.3 mu).
Comparative example: pepper planting method
A planting method of hot peppers (quick pepper types) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) applying an organic fertilizer, namely applying a farmyard organic fertilizer in a planting area, wherein the farmyard organic fertilizer is composted by decomposed chicken manure, and the fertilizing amount is 5000 kg/mu;
(2) making high ridges, wherein the ridge height is 20-25 cm, the ridge surface width is 70-80 cm, and the ridge distance is 40-50 cm; planting the peppers in a double-row mode on the ridges, and planting the peppers when buds appear, wherein the planting density is 4500 holes/mu, and 1 plant is planted in each hole;
(3) the irrigation adopts a drip irrigation mode under the mulch film, and the mulch film is covered by a black film;
(4) watering is carried out according to the growth vigor of plants and the climate condition, the squat seedling is finished after the capsicum annuum is seated, and then soil moisture management is carried out according to the condition that the soil is kept in a moist state.
As a result: the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight of the control example is zero, and the acre yield, the soluble protein content, the soluble sugar content and the like are specifically shown in table 1.
Example 1
(1) The application amount of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer (namely the base fertilizer) before the permanent planting of the hot pepper (the type of the pepper is fast) is improved by 30 percent compared with the control example;
(2) the pepper is planted in high ridges, double rows are arranged on the ridges, and the pepper is planted according to the density of a control example;
(3) watering by adopting a drip irrigation mode under a mulching film, and covering the mulching film by adopting a black film;
(4) on the day after the field planting of the peppers, 1-2 dandelion (No. east cattail) with 4-5 leaves at the true leaf stage are planted among each pepper in the pepper rows;
(5) when the lateral branches at the axilla of the leaf below the capsicum frutescens are 1-2 cm long, removing the lateral branches, and when the leaf of the dandelion after the first harvest is 10-15 cm long, removing all the leaves below the capsicum frutescens.
(6) The dandelion is harvested for multiple times, namely, the dandelion is harvested in time when the leaves grow to 15-25 cm, the whole plant with roots can be dug when the dandelion is harvested for the last time, and the roots can be used as raw materials for tea or medicated diet.
As a result: the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight reaches 71.8%, the yield per mu reaches 3899kg, and compared with the single cropping pepper, the yield per mu of the pepper is improved by 45.2%, the total yield per unit area is improved by 96.6%, the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits is improved by 12.6%, and the content of soluble sugar is improved by 8.5%, which are shown in table 1.
Example 2
The difference from the example 1 is only that the period of permanent planting of the dandelion is the seventh day after the permanent planting of the pepper.
As a result: the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight of the embodiment reaches 60.5%, the yield per mu reaches 3631kg, and compared with the pepper which is planted singly, the yield per mu of the pepper of the embodiment is improved by 35.2%, the total yield per unit area is improved by 78.1%, the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits is improved by 10.6%, and the content of soluble sugar is improved by 6.8%, which is specifically shown in table 1.
Example 3
The difference from the embodiment 1 is only that the application amount of the organic fertilizer is increased by 20 percent compared with the conventional amount, and the field planting time of the dandelion is the third day after the field planting of the pepper.
As a result: the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight reaches 61.2%, the yield per mu reaches 3695kg, and compared with the single cropping pepper, the yield per mu of the pepper is improved by 37.6%, the total yield per unit area is improved by 82.2%, the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits is improved by 10.9%, and the content of soluble sugar is improved by 7.0%.
Example 4
The difference from the example 1 is only that the application amount of the organic fertilizer is increased by 10 percent compared with the conventional amount.
As a result: the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight reaches 56.8%, the acre yield reaches 3475kg, and compared with single-cropping peppers, the acre yield of the peppers is improved by 29.4%, the total yield per unit area is improved by 64.8%, the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits is improved by 8.6%, and the content of soluble sugar is improved by 5.4%.
Example 5
The difference from example 1 is only that the planted pepper is bell pepper type bell pepper No. six.
As a result: the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight reaches 71.3%, the yield per mu reaches 5540kg, and compared with single-cropping peppers, the yield per mu of the peppers is improved by 57.7%, the total yield per unit area is improved by 95.3%, the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits is improved by 13.2%, and the content of soluble sugar is improved by 20.5%.
Example 6
The difference from example 1 is only that the planted pepper is green pepper No. one of sweet pepper type. As a result: the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight reaches 80.2%, the yield per mu reaches 5075kg, and compared with the single cropping pepper, the yield per mu of the pepper is improved by 62.7%, the total yield per unit area is improved by 102.7%, the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits is improved by 12.2%, and the content of soluble sugar is improved by 23.5%.
Example 7
The only difference from example 1 is that the planted dandelion was Shennong dandelion.
As a result: the control effect of the pepper phytophthora blight reaches 68.8%, the yield per mu reaches 3818kg, and compared with the single cropping pepper, the yield per mu of the pepper is improved by 42.2%, the total yield per unit area is improved by 92.5%, the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits is improved by 11.5%, and the content of soluble sugar is improved by 7.2%.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the comparative example is only that the application amount of the organic fertilizer is increased by 30 percent.
As a result: the control effect of the control example on the pepper phytophthora blight is zero, the yield per mu is 2810Kg, and the content of soluble protein is 0.199 mg.g-1The soluble sugar content was 2.37%.
TABLE 1
Note: the different lower case letters in table 1 represent different embodiments with significant differences in level.
The epidemic disease prevention and control effect calculation method in the above embodiments and the comparative examples of the present invention is as follows:
the preventing and treating effect (%) is (contrast disease index-treatment disease index)/contrast disease index x 100%. (ii) a
Disease index ∑ diseased number × diseased number ]/[ total number of investigated plants × highest diseased number ] × 100.
And (3) determining disease indexes: disease was classified into 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, wherein 0: no disease; level 1: the aerial parts only have scabs on leaves and fruits; and 3, level: brown rot on the overground stem and branch; and 5, stage: brown rot spots are formed at the base of the stem; and 7, stage: brown rot spots are formed on the bases of overground stems, branches and stems; and 9, stage: the plant died.
The detection methods of soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, net photosynthetic rate, enzyme activity and the like are conventional technical means in the field and are not described in detail herein.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. An ecological cultivation method for preventing and controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer before the pepper is planted is increased by 10-30% compared with the conventional amount;
(2) the pepper is planted in high ridges, double rows are arranged on the ridges, and the pepper is planted according to the conventional density;
(3) watering by adopting a drip irrigation mode under a mulching film, and covering the mulching film by adopting a black film;
(4) after the peppers are fixedly planted, dandelion is fixedly planted between every two adjacent holes of the peppers in the pepper rows;
(5) removing lateral branches and leaves below the capsicum according to the growth of the dandelion and the growth state of the capsicum;
(6) the dandelion is harvested for multiple times, and the dandelion is harvested when the leaves grow to 15-25 cm each time.
2. The ecological cultivation method for controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the dandelion is planted on the day of pepper field planting or within 7 days of pepper field planting.
3. The ecological cultivation method for controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion according to claim 1, wherein 1-2 dandelion plants are planted between two adjacent holes of pepper in the step (4).
4. The ecological cultivation method for controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion according to claim 2, wherein the planted dandelion is 4-5 dandelion in a true leaf stage.
5. The ecological cultivation method for controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the whole plant with roots is dug when the dandelion is collected for the last time.
6. The ecological cultivation method for controlling pepper phytophthora blight and enhancing quality and efficiency by planting dandelion according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the removing of the side branches and leaves below the capsicum frutescens is specifically: when the lateral branches at the axilla of the leaf below the capsicum frutescens are 1-2 cm long, removing the lateral branches, and when the leaf of the dandelion after the first harvest is 10-15 cm long, removing all the leaves below the capsicum frutescens.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116724982A (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-09-12 | 忻州市农业产业发展中心 | Automatic weeding and pesticide spraying equipment for animal husbandry |
| CN116724982B (en) * | 2023-08-15 | 2023-10-24 | 忻州市农业产业发展中心 | Automatic weeding and pesticide spraying equipment for animal husbandry |
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