CN104982232A - Grafting and replanting method for tea tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grafting and replanting method for a tea tree. The method comprises the following steps: sawing rootstocks; selecting scions, and carrying out combined scion treatment by using gibberellin with a concentration of 50mg/L and kinetin with a concentration of 50mg/L; splitting the rootstocks; peeling the scions; inserting the scions; carrying out bagging; and carrying out shading. With the grafting and replanting method provided by the invention, grafting survival rate reaches at least 90%; underground pest prevention and control effects are good; old tea garden can quickly put into production; after grafting, picking starts in the fifth month and is 10 to 15 days earlier than planting; and the method also has the advantages of low energy consumption, simple operation and easy popularization.

Description

A kind of method of tea tree Grafting kind

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, specifically a kind of method of tea tree Grafting kind.

Background technology

Applying of improved tea variety plays conclusive effect to the benefit of enterprise and the market competitiveness.Guangxi tea cultivated area 66.5 ten thousand mu, wherein Yunnan large-leaf seed colony plants 280,000 mu, accounts for 42.10%.Elevation is the good raw material doing black tea, large green tea and Pu'er tea, but black tea, large green tea sluggish market, price is increasingly low, benefit is not high, this part old tea place is in the urgent need to transforming, by the technical measures of Grafting kind, promote optimizing and revising of Guangxi tea tree breed structure by being conducive to.

At present, Tea Production processing enterprise, tea grower upgrades the mode approach to change kind two kinds, and one is dug up in old tea place, again plants upper choiceness kind; Two is on existing tea place, adopt grafting method to carry out renewal change kind.The first approach cost is high, and become the garden time long, income is slow, enterprise, the more difficult acceptance of tea grower; The second approach cost is low, less investment, becomes garden fast, high efficiency, and need not increase tea place area newly, can avoid the quick growth of tea yield.The method that current tea tree Grafting kind generally adopts has: cleft graft, cut-grafting method, side grafting method.Three kinds of each have their own features of method.Cleft graft seam is tight, and scion is firm, is not easy mobile, and have larger help to tea tree healing, wherein cut its Quantity of the scion of bar cleft graft many, be beneficial to quick operation, earthing cleft grafting rule in contrast; Cut-grafting method, advantage is to select annotinous branch as stock, and its growth potential is vigorous, has facilitation to graft union, but the scion consumed is more; Side grafting method shortcoming is not easy to operate, therefore does not generally use; Bark graft method, easily scatter and disappear moisture, larger on the survival rate impact of scion.Consider the factor such as survival rate, operation period, cut bar bagging cleft graft and can meet above requirement.

But because nothing instructs tea tree to improve the technical standard of changing and planting, in the process of grafting renovation tea place, technology, management are difficult to specification, make to fail to produce due benefit in the transformation process of part old tea place, have a strong impact on the enthusiasm that the masses transform the production of old tea place, the normal development of restriction Tea Production.Therefore in the urgent need to specification whole district tea tree grafting standards system, for the transformation of old tea place provides technical support, to improve its output, quality and cultivation benefit, Development of Tea Industry is accelerated.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to, rely on the improved seeds of unit and scientific and technological advantage, carry out the technical research of tea tree Grafting kind, through method improvement, explore and grasp that supporting tea tree grafting improvedly to be changed kind, high-yield culture technique, for tea tree grafting scale, grafting tea place industrialization plantation exploitation provide technical support; Finally provide a kind of and change in the upgrading of old tea place the grafting method that in kind of transformation process, energy is quick, simple, feasible; reduce transpiration scatter and disappear moisture and graft survival rate high; for the industrialized scaleization development of my district's tealeaves provides Cultural practice; improve tea place yield and quality; improve breeding popularity rate and commodity rate; improve the market competitiveness of Guangxi tea, improve tea grower and increase income, increase the benefit of tea-enterprise.

For realizing above object, this invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of method of tea tree Grafting kind, comprises following concrete steps:

(1) saw stock, at overhead 20-30 ㎝ place, tea tree is cut bar, the trunk staying 5-10 root branch to be evenly distributed, scabbles otch, and every strain tea tree stays the small and weak stock branch of 1-2 root not cut bar, the thing so that tea tree water transpiration and support are shaded;

(2) select scion, select hypomere in the branch of semi-lignified, require sturdy, axillalry bud is full, and without damage by disease and insect, extract bud, the long 3-4 ㎝ of each scion, cuts off the blade of 1/2-1/3 with one; Adopt concentration to be the gibberellin of 50mg/L and concentration to be 50mg/L kinetin to combine and carry out scion process;

(3) split stock, in the middle of stock, split a vertical incision, degree of depth 1.5-2.5 ㎝ with grafting knife; Otch is strutted, to facilitate insertion scion;

(4) cut scion, the hypomere of scion branch is whittled into wedge shape, bevel is about 1-2 ㎝ and smooth;

(5) grafting fringe, inserts the scion of cutting the stock one or both ends of having rived, and makes the formation layer of scion and the formation layer alignment of stock;

(6) bagging, entangles opening down for plastic sack together with scion and stock, sack bandage is tightened on stock, and to keep the humidity of scion in bag, bagging inwall is greater than 2 ㎝ from scion;

(7) shade, cover sunshade net, sunshade net and plastic sack have interval, and bottom ventilation is breathed freely, degree of shading more than 90%.

The method of described tea tree Grafting kind also comprises the management process after grafting, and concrete management method is as follows:

(1) apply compound pesticide preparation in case soil insect at stock place, the active ingredient of described compound pesticide preparation is made up of humus, chitin and the clothianidin weight ratio mixture according to 15:5:1;

(2) after healing, when the grafting bud tip grows to 2-3 leaf, separate bag in time, prevent scion young sprout from growing and encounter plastic sack and occur burnt leaf; Carry out taking off sunshade net hardening when growing to 3-4 leaf;

(3) after scion is healed enter normal growth completely, weeding, the sprouting bud of erasing on stock; When spray grows to 25 more than ㎝, earth up.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

1, graft survival rate is high, reaches more than 90%.

2, old tea place can be made to go into operation fast, exploitation in 5th month after grafting, than the Zao 10-15 days of plantation.

3, energy consumption is low, simple to operate, is easy to promote.

4, controlling underground pest is effective.

Embodiment

To further describe technical scheme of the present invention by embodiment below, but the present invention is not limited to illustrated embodiment.

A method for tea tree Grafting kind, comprises the management process after grafting step and grafting:

One grafting

(1) saw stock, at overhead 20-30 ㎝ place, tea tree is cut bar, the trunk staying 5-10 root branch to be evenly distributed, scabbles otch, and every strain tea tree stays the small and weak stock branch of 1-2 root not cut bar, the thing so that tea tree water transpiration and support are shaded;

(2) select scion, select hypomere in the branch of semi-lignified, require sturdy, axillalry bud is full, and without damage by disease and insect, extract bud, the long 3-4 ㎝ of each scion, cuts off the blade of 1/2-1/3 with one; Adopt concentration to be the gibberellin of 50mg/L and concentration to be 50mg/L kinetin to combine and carry out scion process;

(3) split stock, in the middle of stock, split a vertical incision, degree of depth 1.5-2.5 ㎝ with grafting knife; Otch is strutted, to facilitate insertion scion;

(4) cut scion, the hypomere of scion branch is whittled into wedge shape, bevel is about 1-2 ㎝ and smooth;

(5) grafting fringe, inserts the scion of cutting the stock one or both ends of having rived, and makes the formation layer of scion and the formation layer alignment of stock;

(6) bagging, entangles opening down for plastic sack together with scion and stock, sack bandage is tightened on stock, and to keep the humidity of scion in bag, bagging inwall is greater than 2 ㎝ from scion;

(7) shade, cover sunshade net, sunshade net and plastic sack have interval, and bottom ventilation is breathed freely, degree of shading more than 90%.

Management after two graftings

(1) apply compound pesticide preparation in case soil insect at stock place, the active ingredient of described compound pesticide preparation is made up of humus, chitin and the clothianidin weight ratio mixture according to 15:5:1;

(2) after healing, when the grafting bud tip grows to 2-3 leaf, separate bag in time, prevent scion young sprout from growing and encounter plastic sack and occur burnt leaf; Carry out taking off sunshade net hardening when growing to 3-4 leaf;

(3) after scion is healed enter normal growth completely, weeding, the sprouting bud of erasing on stock; When spray grows to 25 more than ㎝, earth up.

Test below by raw test and further illustrate technique effect of the present invention.

Test a HORMONE TREATMENT scion to test the impact of graft survival rate

Carry out grafting again after adopting gibberellin GA and kinetin KT to carry out the scion of variable concentrations process tealeaves, the result of graft survival rate is as shown in table 1:

The different Plant hormone treatment scion of table 1 is on the impact of graft survival rate

According to result of the test: processing 7. KT50ppm+GA50ppm has obvious facilitation to graft survival rate, being used alone of hormone does not show obvious effect to raising graft survival rate, and can reduce graft survival rate on the contrary along with the increase of working concentration.

Test two humus, chitin and clothianidin mixture to test the Toxicity Determination of tea tree soil insect grub

Test method: field gathers scarabs and raises, and lays eggs, newly hatched larvae Fructus Hordei Germinatus was raised to 2 ages.10s dip method is adopted to measure, 72h " Invest, Then Investigate " examination worm death condition.The statistical analysis of result is carried out with Microsoft Excel, calculate regression curve, LC50 value, the synergistic effect of pharmacy mix is evaluated according to the co-toxicity coefficient method (CTC) of SunJohnson (1960), coefficient CTC is spent in calculating together, CTC≤80 are antagonism, 80<CTC<120 is summation action, and CTC >=120 are synergistic effect.Result of the test is as shown in table 2.

Table 2 humus, chitin and clothianidin mixture are to the indoor joint toxicity measuring result of the test statistics of grub

Medicament	LC 50(ppm)	Actual measurement toxicity index	Theoretical toxicity index	Co-toxicity coefficient
					Humus (A)	221.34	1.57	/	/
Chitin (B)	156.7	2.21	/	/
					Clothianidin (C)	3.47	100.00	/	/
A:B:C＝15:5:1	30.45	11.40	6.41	177.8
					A:B:C＝1:1:1	9.11	38.09	34.59	110.1
A:B:C＝1:5:1	20.39	17.02	16.09	105.8
					A:B:C＝10:5:1	39.06	8.88	7.92	112.1

A:B:C＝15:1:1

55.71

6.23

7.40

84.2

As known from Table 2, humus, chitin and clothianidin possess synergistic function according to the weight ratio mixture of 15:5:1, and other ratios are only summation action.

Test three: the field experiment of grafting survival rate

Inventor is in the 1-3 month in 2010 and the 10-12 month, the 1-3 month in 2011, promote grafting gold tawny daylily 135 mu, emerald 100 mu respectively at hotwork experiment station, pioneer farm, credit farm, north, wherein hotwork experiment station grafting gold tawny daylily 30 mu, emerald 30 mu, average survival 91%, pioneer farm grafting gold tawny daylily 40 mu, emerald 20 mu, average survival 91.1%, north credit farm grafting gold tawny daylily 50 mu, reaches 92% through investigating average graft survival rate.Long Bei farm grafting gold tawny daylily 15 mu, emerald 50 mu, average survival 90.7%.

Test four: grafting method of the present invention is on the impact test of tea tree productive life, output and Tea ingredient

1. the change of biological property

Observe the characteristic such as leaf length, Ye Kuan, leaf area, leaf look, leaf-teeth saw, leaf margin, blade, blade tip of golden tawny daylily emerald, Iron Guanyin, this mountain leaflet yellow dawn, fragrant 6 the kind graftings of almond and plantation, result shows: by the observation to Grafted Variety, the bud tip of grafting is sprouted than about 7-10 days ahead of time that plant, and Oolong tea can do sth. in advance exploitation in 10-15 days.

2. Yield compari@

The grafting of each tested variety and the observation of plantation output are compared and shows, grafting First Year per mu yield 65 kilograms, fresh leaf (mean value), Second Year per mu yield 500 kilograms, and plant the fresh leaf of Second Year per mu yield and be only 170 kilograms, 3rd year is 350 kilograms, within 2 years, amounts to grafting 565 kilograms, plants 520 kilograms, grafting is higher by 9% than plantation, and early exploits 1 year.

3. biochemical component compares

Respectively from golden tawny daylily, emerald, this mountain, Iron Guanyin, the leaflet yellow dawn, the great Ye yellow dawn, almond is fragrant, the grafting of eriocheir sinensis 8 kinds and plantation tea tree are adopted the two leaves and a bud sample of standard, send tea quality supervision test center of the Ministry of Agriculture to detect water extraction, Tea Polyphenols, amino acid, caffeine content, test result shows, the grafting of each kind average water extract is 45.4%, and plantation is 44.1%, and grafting is than plantation increasing 1.3 percentage points, amplification is 2.9%, average polyphenol content grafting is 30.2%, and plantation is 32.8%, and grafting is lower 2.6 percentage points than plantation, amount of decrease is 8.6%, the grafting of average amino acid content is 2.5%, and plantation is 1.9%, and grafting is higher 0.6 percentage point than plantation, amplification is 31%, caffeine content grafting is 5%, and plantation is 4.8%, and grafting is higher 0.2 percentage point than plantation, amplification is 4.1%, and the fresh leaf as can be seen here after grafting is than the fresh leaf water extraction of plantation, amino acid, caffeine content increases, and especially amino acid amplification reaches 31%, and Tea Polyphenols slightly reduces, and therefore, the present invention is conducive to being reduced to the bitter taste of sampling tea, and increases fresh refreshing degree, fragrance and concentration.

Claims (2)

1. a method for tea tree Grafting kind, is characterized in that, comprises following concrete steps:

(1) saw stock, at overhead 20-30 ㎝ place, tea tree is cut bar, the trunk staying 5-10 root branch to be evenly distributed, scabbles otch, and every strain tea tree stays the small and weak stock branch of 1-2 root not cut bar, the thing so that tea tree water transpiration and support are shaded;

(2) select scion, select hypomere in the branch of semi-lignified, require sturdy, axillalry bud is full, and without damage by disease and insect, extract bud, the long 3-4 ㎝ of each scion, cuts off the blade of 1/2-1/3 with one; Adopt concentration to be the gibberellin of 50mg/L and concentration to be 50mg/L kinetin to combine and carry out scion process;

(3) split stock, in the middle of stock, split a vertical incision, degree of depth 1.5-2.5 ㎝ with grafting knife; Otch is strutted, to facilitate insertion scion;

(4) cut scion, the hypomere of scion branch is whittled into wedge shape, bevel is about 1-2 ㎝ and smooth;

(5) grafting fringe, inserts the scion of cutting the stock one or both ends of having rived, and makes the formation layer of scion and the formation layer alignment of stock;

(6) bagging, entangles opening down for plastic sack together with scion and stock, sack bandage is tightened on stock, and to keep the humidity of scion in bag, bagging inwall is greater than 2 ㎝ from scion;

(7) shade, cover sunshade net, sunshade net and plastic sack have interval, and bottom ventilation is breathed freely, degree of shading more than 90%.

2. the method for tea tree Grafting kind according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise the management process after grafting after shading, concrete management method is as follows:

(1) apply compound pesticide preparation in case soil insect at stock place, the active ingredient of described compound pesticide preparation is made up of humus, chitin and the clothianidin weight ratio mixture according to 15:5:1;

(2) after healing, when the grafting bud tip grows to 2-3 leaf, separate bag in time, prevent scion young sprout from growing and encounter plastic sack and occur burnt leaf; Carry out taking off sunshade net hardening when growing to 3-4 leaf;

(3) after scion is healed enter normal growth completely, weeding, the sprouting bud of erasing on stock; When spray grows to 25 more than ㎝, earth up.