CN109197306A - A kind of engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis - Google Patents
A kind of engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197306A CN109197306A CN201810810130.XA CN201810810130A CN109197306A CN 109197306 A CN109197306 A CN 109197306A CN 201810810130 A CN201810810130 A CN 201810810130A CN 109197306 A CN109197306 A CN 109197306A
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- bud
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- polychrome
- grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting methods of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis, and described method includes following steps: (1) stock is cultivated；(2) Root-stock selection；(3) scion is purchased;(4) it grafts；(5) Cultivate administration after grafting；(6) it is managed after taking off film；(7) transplant: the next spring is gone up a hill afforestation after grafting；Or the afforestation seedling of the big specification of transplanting breeding is carried out again, meet the needs of different size level.Engrafting method of the invention is not restricted by weather, and the rainy day can be grafted indoors, and plastic crate coverlay film can be neatly placed in after grafting, can be stored 2 weeks, is planted again or upper container wait become a fine day, the engrafting method is easy to operate, is easy to grasp；High survival rate, seedling growth is fast, and orthostatic is good, stem is thick, outplanting rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engrafting methods of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis, belong to Bougainvillea spectabilis graft technology field.
Background technique
Bougainvillea spectabilis is called bougainvillea, le cuckoo, paper flower etc., is the rattan shape xylophyta of Nyctaginaceae bougainvillea, I
The main ornamental part seen be not its flower, but its bract belongs to abnormal leaf.The common pattern of Bougainvillea spectabilis is red
Color, in addition there are also white, pink colour, yellow etc..Usual single plant can only open a kind of color.
Increasing with the demand of Bougainvillea spectabilis nursery stock to landscape in view of present society, numerous domestic scholar has carried out Bougainvillea spectabilis
Multiple target nursery research.Breeding is carried out to the kind of Bougainvillea spectabilis, selection blade is bright in luster, and the good Bougainvillea spectabilis of ornamental value is transferred
Propogation and culture nursery stock is connect, the Optimality for being able to maintain its kind is made to be greatly improved, while one plant of Bougainvillea spectabilis opens multiple color,
To be satisfied with the market demand, present invention seek to address that this technical problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis, the party are provided
Method high survival rate is up to 90%, and growth is fast, tree vigo(u)r is strong, can open multiple color, beautiful in colour.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis, described method includes following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated: in the 5-6 last ten-days period month, triangle plum seed in seed soaking disinfection rear chamber by being sowed, and 18-22 DEG C of room temperature,
Depth of planting 0.4-0.5cm is transplanted in 4.5cm × 10cm non-woven fabrics Light media container when Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling grows to 3-4 leaf,
Cultivate into ground diameter 0.4-0.6 cm nursery stock；
(2) Root-stock selection: ground diameter is in the healthy no disease and pests harm nursery stock of 0.4-0.6cm as anvil in selection non-woven fabrics Light media container
Wood；
(3) scion is purchased: choosing the 1 year raw branch in excellent strain middle and upper part, the branch of diameter degree 0.3-0.5cm adopts fringe in bud as fringe bar
It carries out before sprouting, is refrigerated after adopting, fringe bar notch is sealed with wax when refrigeration, and preservative film twines envelope, saves under the conditions of 4-6 DEG C；
(4) graft: grafting time is selected mid-August late July-, using cleft graft from non-woven fabrics Light media vessel faces 2-3cm
Place carries out disconnected anvil, and an osculum is symmetrically split on stock, and depth is 1.5-2.0 cm；
The scion for having full axillary-bud or top-bud is chosen, it is symmetrical at the lower part 0.5-1.0 cm of axillary-bud or top-bud respectively to cut a knife-edge
Wedgewise is whittled into two inclined-planes, and the long 1.5-2.0cm in inclined-plane, bevel is smooth, engage interface stock can with scion up and down,
Stay the long 1-1.5 cm of branch on axillary-bud or top-bud, when insertion requires stock to be aligned with scion side cortex, and scion shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.1-
0.2cm bandages the top of graft union and scion with grafting membrane, exposes axillary-bud or top-bud；
(5) Cultivate administration after grafting: concentrating kind in garden ground, and seeding row spacing 15*20cm or 20*25cm wait for that nursery stock is raw to early September
It carries out migrating to non-woven fabrics Light media container bag when growing to 5-8 blades；Container bag specification 14cm × 18cm or 15cm × 18
Cm, every row put 7 plants, and length according to garden adjusts, and are then covered with 25-35 days with the sunshade net of sunshade rate 70%；
(6) it is managed after taking off film: removing weeds, spray a fungicide, the fungicide uses Mancozeb or thiophanate methyl
600-800 times of liquid, stock rudiment of erasing once a week；Before by the end of October based on high nitrogen fertilizer, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer is primary, dense
Degree be 2/1000, reinforce the seedling growth initial stage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, November based on high potash fertilizer, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer one
Secondary, concentration 3/1000 when temperature change difference is big, carries out water conservation in time, drought resisting, removes weeds, fertilising and insect pest preventing and controlling work
Make；
(7) it transplants: going up a hill afforestation in the next spring；Or the afforestation seedling of the big specification of transplanting breeding is carried out again, meet
The demand of different size level.
Preferably, Light media described in step (1) is that thin mud powder and the cavings ratio of 5:4 in mass ratio fermented are matched
System, then plus 0.7-0.8Kg/m3Controlled Release Fertilizer, or thin mud powder, vermiculite and perlite are selected, 5:2:3 ratio is prepared in mass ratio, base
0.8 cm of plasmid diameter <；
The thin mud powder is to make after pretreatment, order mesoporous dielectric loading, drying and crushing using mudflat sludge as raw material
?.
Preferably, the thin mud powder the preparation method is as follows:
S1: the pretreatment of mudflat sludge:
The mud for acquiring beach area deposition, screens out wherein impurity, adds a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, reaction is sufficiently stirred, and aoxidizes
Decompose organic components unstable in mud；
S2: order mesoporous dielectric loading:
Step S1 treated mudflat sludge, is added a certain amount of dispersing agent, stabilizer and order mesoporous medium, 1- is sufficiently stirred
2h is uniformly mixed, then vacuum and/or ultrasonic wave degassing；
S3: drying and dehydrating:
The material of step S2 is lower than 40% by squeezing or centrifugal dehydration to moisture content, is subsequently placed in dryer, with 80 ~ 105 DEG C
It is dried to moisture content 5-8%；
S4: it crushes:
The crushing material of step S3 is to 80-100 mesh.
It is rich in a large amount of nutriment in flat sedimentation mud, the organic matters such as nitrogen therein, phosphorus and polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis are gone out
Tooth, breeding effectively combine, and certainly will facilitate the proliferation of polychrome triangle plum seed, growth is rapid, bud ratio and high survival rate；
In addition, order mesoporous medium passes through the booster action of dispersing agent and stabilizer, efficiently mixed with mudflat sludge, organic matter and nitrogen phosphorus
Potassium element is carried in order mesoporous medium, then by water suction exudation, is realized the effect of sustained release, was grafted for polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis
Lasting nutrient is provided in journey, the utilization rate built up fertility.
Preferably, the dispersing agent is any one in polyacrylamide, guar gum and fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester, institute
Stating stabilizer is lignosulfonates, and order mesoporous medium is ordered mesoporous carbon.
Preferably, the additive amount of the dispersing agent is the 1-2% of mudflat sludge quality, and stabilizer is mudflat sludge quality
0.5-1%, the additive amount of the order mesoporous medium are the 5-6% of mudflat sludge quality.
Preferably, the control measure of pest and disease damage is as follows: the control measure of pest and disease damage is as follows: leaf spot, using Mancozeb
500-600 times of liquid of 600-800 times of liquid or thiophanate methyl is spraying；Subterranean pest-insect grub, with 5% phoxim granule or chlopyrifos
Granule mixes substrate soil, and additive amount is 1kg/m3 substrate soil；Leafeating insect 5% Beta-cypermethrin EC, 1500 times of liquid or 10%
600-800 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed.
Preferably, in step (5), in first 5-10 days after grafting, 75% or more relative humidity in sunshade is kept,
Moisturizing is sprayed when humidity deficit in time.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: method graft union healing of the invention is fast, securely, high survival rate, seedling is fast for engagement,
It is suitable for large scale cultivating nursery stock；As needed, the Bougainvillea spectabilis scion for selecting different patterns, grafts on same stock, realizes one
Strain Bougainvillea spectabilis outputs the flower of polychrome.
Engrafting method of the invention is not restricted by weather, and the rainy day can be grafted indoors, and plastics can be neatly placed in after grafting
Basket coverlay film, can store 2 weeks, plant again or upper container wait become a fine day, the engrafting method is easy to operate, is easy to grasp；At
Motility rate is high, and seedling growth is fast, and orthostatic is good, stem is thick, outplanting rate is high.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention will be further explained in detail.
The present invention is in red, high nitrogen fertilizer (N-P-K:21-6-12)；Based on high potash fertilizer (N-P-K:15-5-25).
Embodiment 1:
A kind of engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis, described method includes following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated: in late May, triangle plum seed 18-22 DEG C of room temperature, is broadcast by being sowed in seed soaking disinfection rear chamber
Kind depth 0.4-0.5cm, is transplanted in 4.5cm × 10cm non-woven fabrics Light media container when Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling grows to 3-4 leaf, trains
It is bred as ground diameter 0.4cm nursery stock；
(2) Root-stock selection: ground diameter is in the healthy no disease and pests harm nursery stock of 0.4cm as stock in selection non-woven fabrics Light media container；
(3) scion is purchased: choosing the 1 year raw branch in excellent strain middle and upper part, the branch of diameter degree 0.3cm adopts fringe and sprout in bud as fringe bar
Preceding progress, refrigerates after adopting, and fringe bar notch is sealed with wax when refrigeration, and preservative film twines envelope, saves under the conditions of 4 DEG C;
(4) graft: grafting time was selected in late July, was broken at from non-woven fabrics Light media vessel faces 2cm using cleft graft
Anvil symmetrically splits an osculum, depth 1.5cm on stock；
The scion for having full axillary-bud or top-bud is chosen, a symmetrical knife of respectively cutting forms wedge at the lower part 0.5cm of axillary-bud or top-bud
Shape is whittled into two inclined-planes, and the long 1.5cm in inclined-plane, bevel is smooth, engage interface stock can with scion up and down, axillary bud or top
Stay the long 1cm of branch on bud, when insertion requires stock to be aligned with scion side cortex, and scion shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.1cm, is bandaged and is transferred with grafting membrane
Axillary-bud or top-bud is exposed at the top of interface and scion；
(5) Cultivate administration after grafting: concentrating kind in garden ground, and seeding row spacing 15*20cm waits for seedling growth to 5-8 to early September
It carries out migrating to non-woven fabrics Light media container bag when blade；Container bag specification 14cm × 18cm, every row put 7 plants, length according to
It adjusts to garden, is then covered with 25-28 days with the sunshade net of sunshade rate 70%；
(6) it is managed after taking off film: removing weeds, spray a fungicide, the fungicide uses 800 times of liquid of Mancozeb, on every Mondays
Secondary stock rudiment of erasing；Before by the end of October based on high nitrogen fertilizer, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer is primary, concentration 2/1000, reinforces seedling
The wooden early growth period prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, November, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer was primary based on high potash fertilizer, concentration 3/1000, gas
When warm variation is big, water conservation, drought resisting are carried out in time, removes weeds, fertilising and insect pest preventing and controlling work；
(7) it transplants: going up a hill afforestation in the next spring；Or the afforestation seedling of the big specification of transplanting breeding is carried out again, meet
The demand of different size level.
In the present invention, Light media described in step (1) is that thin mud powder and the cavings ratio of 5:4 in mass ratio fermented are matched
System, then plus 0.7Kg/m3Controlled Release Fertilizer, 0.8 cm of matrix partial size <；
The thin mud powder is to make after pretreatment, order mesoporous dielectric loading, drying and crushing using mudflat sludge as raw material
, the thin mud powder the preparation method is as follows:
S1: the pretreatment of mudflat sludge:
The mud for acquiring beach area deposition, screens out wherein impurity, adds a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, reaction is sufficiently stirred, and aoxidizes
Decompose organic components unstable in mud；
S2: order mesoporous dielectric loading:
Step S1 treated mudflat sludge, is added a certain amount of dispersing agent, stabilizer and order mesoporous medium, 1h is sufficiently stirred
It is uniformly mixed, then vacuum and/or ultrasonic wave degassing；
S3: drying and dehydrating:
The material of step S2 is lower than 40% by squeezing or centrifugal dehydration to moisture content, is subsequently placed in dryer, is dried with 80 DEG C
To moisture content 8%；
S4: it crushes:
The crushing material of step S3 is to 80 mesh.
Specifically, the dispersing agent is polyacrylamide, and the stabilizer is lignosulfonates, order mesoporous medium
For ordered mesoporous carbon, the additive amount of the dispersing agent is the 1% of mudflat sludge quality, and stabilizer is the 0.5% of mudflat sludge quality,
The additive amount of the order mesoporous medium is the 5% of mudflat sludge quality, and the control measure of pest and disease damage is as follows: leaf spot, using generation
600-800 times of liquid of gloomy MnZn is spraying；Subterranean pest-insect grub, with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate；Leafeating insect 5% effective cypermethrin cream
Oily 1500 times of liquid be sprayed, in step (5), in first 5-10 days after grafting, relative humidity 75% in holding sunshade with
On, moisturizing is sprayed when humidity deficit in time.
Embodiment 2
A kind of engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis, described method includes following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated: June, triangle plum seed is sowed after seed soaking disinfection, and 18-22 DEG C of room temperature, depth of planting
0.4-0.5cm is transplanted in 4.5cm × 10cm non-woven fabrics Light media container when Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling grows to 3-4 leaf, is cultivated into ground
0.6 cm nursery stock of diameter；
(2) Root-stock selection: ground diameter is in the healthy no disease and pests harm nursery stock of 0.6cm as stock in selection non-woven fabrics Light media container；
(3) scion is purchased: choosing the 1 year raw branch in excellent strain middle and upper part, the branch of diameter degree 0.5cm adopts fringe and sprout in bud as fringe bar
Preceding progress, refrigerates after adopting, and fringe bar notch is sealed with wax when refrigeration, and preservative film twines envelope, saves under the conditions of 6 DEG C;
(4) graft: grafting time was selected mid-August, was broken at from non-woven fabrics Light media vessel faces 3cm using cleft graft
Anvil, symmetrically splits an osculum on stock, and depth is 2.0 cm；
The scion for having full axillary-bud or top-bud is chosen, a symmetrical knife of respectively cutting forms wedge at 1.0 cm of the lower part of axillary-bud or top-bud
Shape is whittled into two inclined-planes, and the long 2.0cm in inclined-plane, bevel is smooth, engage interface stock can with scion up and down, axillary bud or top
Stay long 1.5 cm of branch on bud, when insertion requires stock to be aligned with scion side cortex, and scion shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.2cm, is wrapped up with grafting membrane
Axillary-bud or top-bud is exposed at the top of good graft union and scion；
(5) Cultivate administration after grafting: concentrating kind in garden ground, and seeding row spacing 20*25cm waits for seedling growth to 5-8 to early September
It carries out migrating to non-woven fabrics Light media container bag when blade；The container bag specification cm of 15cm × 18, every row put 7 plants, length according to
It adjusts to garden, is then covered with 25-35 days with the sunshade net of sunshade rate 70%；
(6) it is managed after taking off film: removing weeds, spray a fungicide, the fungicide uses 600 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl, weekly
Primary stock rudiment of erasing；Before by the end of October based on high nitrogen fertilizer, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer is primary, concentration 2/1000, reinforces
The seedling growth initial stage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, November, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer was primary based on high potash fertilizer, concentration 3/1000,
When temperature change difference is big, water conservation, drought resisting are carried out in time, removes weeds, fertilising and insect pest preventing and controlling work；
(7) it transplants: going up a hill afforestation in the next spring；Or the afforestation seedling of the big specification of transplanting breeding is carried out again, meet
The demand of different size level.
In the present invention, Light media described in step (1) is thin mud powder, vermiculite and perlite, and 5:2:3 ratio in mass ratio is matched
System, 0.8 cm of matrix partial size <；The thin mud powder be using mudflat sludge as raw material, by pretreatment, order mesoporous dielectric loading,
It is dry and be made after crushing, the thin mud powder the preparation method is as follows:
S1: the pretreatment of mudflat sludge:
The mud for acquiring beach area deposition, screens out wherein impurity, adds a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, reaction is sufficiently stirred, and aoxidizes
Decompose organic components unstable in mud；
S2: order mesoporous dielectric loading:
Step S1 treated mudflat sludge, is added a certain amount of dispersing agent, stabilizer and order mesoporous medium, 2h is sufficiently stirred
It is uniformly mixed, then vacuum and/or ultrasonic wave degassing；
S3: drying and dehydrating:
The material of step S2 is lower than 40% by squeezing or centrifugal dehydration to moisture content, is subsequently placed in dryer, is dried with 105 DEG C
It does to moisture content 5%；
S4: it crushes:
For the crushing material of step S3 to 100 mesh, the dispersing agent is guar gum, and the stabilizer is lignosulfonates, orderly
Mesoporous media is ordered mesoporous carbon, and the additive amount of the dispersing agent is the 2% of mudflat sludge quality, and stabilizer is mudflat sludge matter
The 1% of amount, the additive amount of the order mesoporous medium are the 6% of mudflat sludge quality, and the control measure of pest and disease damage is as follows: tikka
Disease, it is spraying using 500-600 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl；Subterranean pest-insect grub, chlopyrifos granule mix substrate soil, and additive amount is
1kg/m3 substrate soil；Leafeating insect is sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 800 times of liquid, in step (5), after grafting
In first 5-10 days, 75% or more relative humidity in sunshade is kept, is sprayed moisturizing when humidity deficit in time.
Embodiment 3
A kind of engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis, described method includes following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated: in late May, triangle plum seed 18-22 DEG C of room temperature, is broadcast by being sowed in seed soaking disinfection rear chamber
Kind depth 0.4-0.5cm, is transplanted in 4.5cm × 10cm non-woven fabrics Light media container when Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling grows to 3-4 leaf, trains
It is bred as 0.5 cm nursery stock of ground diameter；
(2) Root-stock selection: ground diameter is in the healthy no disease and pests harm nursery stock of 0.5cm as stock in selection non-woven fabrics Light media container；
(3) scion is purchased: choosing the 1 year raw branch in excellent strain middle and upper part, the branch of diameter degree 0.5cm adopts fringe and sprout in bud as fringe bar
Preceding progress, refrigerates after adopting, and fringe bar notch is sealed with wax when refrigeration, and preservative film twines envelope, saves under the conditions of 5 DEG C;
(4) graft: grafting time was selected in late July, was broken at from non-woven fabrics Light media vessel faces 2cm using cleft graft
Anvil symmetrically splits an osculum, depth 1.5cm on stock；
The scion for having full axillary-bud or top-bud is chosen, a symmetrical knife of respectively cutting forms wedge at the lower part 0.5cm of axillary-bud or top-bud
Shape is whittled into two inclined-planes, and the long 2.0cm in inclined-plane, bevel is smooth, engage interface stock can with scion up and down, axillary bud or top
Stay the long 1cm of branch on bud, when insertion requires stock to be aligned with scion side cortex, and scion shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.1cm, is bandaged and is transferred with grafting membrane
Axillary-bud or top-bud is exposed at the top of interface and scion；
(5) Cultivate administration after grafting: concentrating kind in garden ground, and seeding row spacing 15*20cm waits for seedling growth to 5-8 to early September
It carries out migrating to non-woven fabrics Light media container bag when blade；The container bag specification cm of 15cm × 18, every row put 7 plants, length according to
It adjusts to garden, is then covered with 25-35 days with the sunshade net of sunshade rate 70%；
(6) it is managed after taking off film: removing weeds, spray a fungicide, the fungicide uses 800 times of liquid of Mancozeb, on every Mondays
Secondary stock rudiment of erasing；Before by the end of October based on high nitrogen fertilizer, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer is primary, concentration 2/1000, reinforces seedling
The wooden early growth period prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, November, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer was primary based on high potash fertilizer, concentration 3/1000, gas
When warm variation is big, water conservation, drought resisting are carried out in time, removes weeds, fertilising and insect pest preventing and controlling work；
(7) it transplants: going up a hill afforestation in the next spring；Or the afforestation seedling of the big specification of transplanting breeding is carried out again, meet
The demand of different size level.
In the present invention, Light media described in step (1) is that thin mud powder and the cavings ratio of 5:4 in mass ratio fermented are matched
System, then plus 0.8Kg/m3Controlled Release Fertilizer；
The thin mud powder is to make after pretreatment, order mesoporous dielectric loading, drying and crushing using mudflat sludge as raw material
, the thin mud powder the preparation method is as follows:
S1: the pretreatment of mudflat sludge:
The mud for acquiring beach area deposition, screens out wherein impurity, adds a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, reaction is sufficiently stirred, and aoxidizes
Decompose organic components unstable in mud；
S2: order mesoporous dielectric loading:
Step S1 treated mudflat sludge, is added a certain amount of dispersing agent, stabilizer and order mesoporous medium, 1h is sufficiently stirred
It is uniformly mixed, then vacuum and/or ultrasonic wave degassing；
S3: drying and dehydrating:
The material of step S2 is lower than 40% by squeezing or centrifugal dehydration to moisture content, is subsequently placed in dryer, is dried with 100 DEG C
It does to moisture content 6%；
S4: it crushes: the crushing material of step S3 to 90 mesh.
In the present invention, the dispersing agent is fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester, and the stabilizer is lignosulfonates, is orderly situated between
Hole medium is ordered mesoporous carbon, and the additive amount of the dispersing agent is the 1.5% of mudflat sludge quality, and stabilizer is mudflat sludge matter
The 0.75% of amount, the additive amount of the order mesoporous medium are the 5.5% of mudflat sludge quality, and the control measure of pest and disease damage is as follows:
Leaf spot, using 800 times of liquid of Mancozeb；Subterranean pest-insect grub mixes substrate soil, additive amount 1kg/ with 5% phoxim granule
M3 substrate soil；Leafeating insect is sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 600 times of liquid, the preceding 5- in step (5), after grafting
In 10 days, 75% or more relative humidity in sunshade is kept, is sprayed moisturizing when humidity deficit in time.
Grafting result investigation of the invention:
Pass through test in 2 years using this method, investigation in 2016 shows: on October 25th, 2016 investigates grafting nursery,
Show that grafting shoot survival percent is 93.5%, container transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is high, is not limited by weather and season, grafting is can work
Factoryization carries out indoors, can reduce cost 45%；On March 21st, 2018 is investigated, average 85.8 cm of plant height, ground diameter 0.86
cm.It can go up a hill afforestation in the next spring；Or the afforestation seedling of the big specification of transplanting breeding is carried out again, meet different rule
The demand of compartment time.
Grafting is influenced in the present invention, survives the factor with seedling growth
(1) quality of fringe bar: suitable fringe bar is the most key, and the stronger select tree middle and upper part of growth potential, upright nothing are found in test
The fringe bar of branch, graft survival rate, seedling growth are significantly better than tree body middle and lower part fringe bar.Therefore, reinforce the rich water of cutting orchard
It is managed with trimming, cultivates good fringe bar, be beneficial to carry out the large-scaled propugation of Bougainvillea spectabilis choiceness, meet in production
Demand.
(2) Root-stock selection: 1 year raw non-woven fabrics Light media one year old seedling is selected to make stock grafting, graft union healing, engagement
Securely, high survival rate, seedling is fast, is suitable for large scale cultivating nursery stock.
Above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, not the present invention is made in any form
Limitation, there are also other variations and modifications on the premise of not exceeding the technical scheme recorded in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis, it is characterised in that: described method includes following steps:
(1) stock is cultivated: in 5-6 month, triangle plum seed 18-22 DEG C of room temperature, is broadcast by being sowed in seed soaking disinfection rear chamber
Kind depth 0.4-0.5cm, is transplanted in 4.5cm × 10cm non-woven fabrics Light media container when Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling grows to 3-4 leaf, trains
It is bred as ground diameter 0.4-0.6cm nursery stock；
(2) Root-stock selection: ground diameter is in the healthy no disease and pests harm nursery stock of 0.4-0.6cm as anvil in selection non-woven fabrics Light media container
Wood；
(3) scion is purchased: choosing the 1 year raw branch in excellent strain middle and upper part, the branch of diameter degree 0.3-0.5cm adopts fringe in bud as fringe bar
It carries out before sprouting, is refrigerated after adopting, fringe bar notch is sealed with wax when refrigeration, and preservative film twines envelope, saves under the conditions of 4-6 DEG C；
(4) graft: grafting time is selected mid-August late July-, using cleft graft from non-woven fabrics Light media vessel faces 2-3cm
Place carries out disconnected anvil, and an osculum is symmetrically split on stock, and depth is 1.5-2.0 cm；Selection has connecing for full axillary-bud or top-bud
Fringe, it is symmetrical at the lower part 0.5-1.0 cm of axillary-bud or top-bud respectively to cut a knife-edge wedgewise, two inclined-planes are whittled into, inclined-plane is long
1.5-2.0cm, bevel is smooth, engage interface stock can with scion up and down, the long 1-1.5 cm of branch is stayed on axillary-bud or top-bud,
Stock is required to be aligned with scion side cortex when insertion, scion shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally 0.1-0.2cm, bandages graft union and scion with grafting membrane
Top, expose axillary-bud or top-bud；
(5) Cultivate administration after grafting: concentrating kind in garden ground, and seeding row spacing 15*20cm or 20*25cm wait for that nursery stock is raw to early September
It carries out migrating to non-woven fabrics Light media container bag when growing to 5-8 blades；Container bag specification 14cm × 18cm or 15cm × 18
Cm, every row put 7 plants, and length according to garden adjusts, and are then covered with 25-35 days with the sunshade net of sunshade rate 70%；
(6) it is managed after taking off film: removing weeds, spray a fungicide, the fungicide uses Mancozeb or thiophanate methyl
600-800 times of liquid, stock rudiment of erasing once a week；Before by the end of October based on high nitrogen fertilizer, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer is primary, dense
Degree be 2/1000, reinforce the seedling growth initial stage prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, November based on high potash fertilizer, 7-10 Tian Jiaoshi compound fertilizer one
Secondary, concentration 3/1000 when temperature change difference is big, carries out water conservation in time, drought resisting, removes weeds, fertilising and insect pest preventing and controlling work
Make；
(7) it transplants: going up a hill afforestation in the next spring；Or the afforestation seedling of the big specification of transplanting breeding is carried out again, meet
The demand of different size level.
2. the engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Light media described in step (1)
It is prepared for the ratio of thin mud powder and the cavings 5:4 in mass ratio to ferment, then plus 0.7-0.8Kg/m3Controlled Release Fertilizer, or select thin mud
Powder, vermiculite and perlite, in mass ratio 5:2:3 ratio are prepared, 0.8 cm of matrix partial size <；
The thin mud powder is to make after pretreatment, order mesoporous dielectric loading, drying and crushing using mudflat sludge as raw material
?.
3. the engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the preparation method of the thin mud powder
It is as follows:
S1: the pretreatment of mudflat sludge:
The mud for acquiring beach area deposition, screens out wherein impurity, adds a certain amount of hydrogen peroxide, reaction is sufficiently stirred, and aoxidizes
Decompose organic components unstable in mud；
S2: order mesoporous dielectric loading:
Step S1 treated mudflat sludge, is added a certain amount of dispersing agent, stabilizer and order mesoporous medium, 1- is sufficiently stirred
2h is uniformly mixed, then vacuum and/or ultrasonic wave degassing；
S3: drying and dehydrating:
The material of step S2 is lower than 40% by squeezing or centrifugal dehydration to moisture content, is subsequently placed in dryer, with 80 ~ 105 DEG C
It is dried to moisture content 5-8%；
S4: it crushes:
The crushing material of step S3 is to 80-100 mesh.
4. the engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the dispersing agent is polyacrylamide
Any one in amine, guar gum and fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester, the stabilizer are lignosulfonates, order mesoporous medium
For ordered mesoporous carbon.
5. the engrafting method of the polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the addition of the dispersing agent
Amount is the 1-2% of mudflat sludge quality, and stabilizer is the 0.5-1% of mudflat sludge quality, the additive amount of the order mesoporous medium
For the 5-6% of mudflat sludge quality.
6. the engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the control measure of pest and disease damage is such as
Under: leaf spot, it is spraying using 500-600 times of liquid of 600-800 times of liquid of Mancozeb or thiophanate methyl；Subterranean pest-insect grub is used
5% phoxim granule or chlopyrifos granule mix substrate soil, and additive amount is 1kg/m3 substrate soil；5% efficient chlorine of leafeating insect
1500 times of liquid of Cyano chrysanthemate missible oil or 600-800 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder are sprayed.
7. the engrafting method of polychrome Bougainvillea spectabilis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (5), after grafting
In first 5-10 days, 75% or more relative humidity in sunshade is kept, is sprayed moisturizing when humidity deficit in time.
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