CN103543686B - Intelligent accurate fertilizer applicator and control thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent accurate fertilizer applicator and control thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103543686B CN103543686B CN201310455536.8A CN201310455536A CN103543686B CN 103543686 B CN103543686 B CN 103543686B CN 201310455536 A CN201310455536 A CN 201310455536A CN 103543686 B CN103543686 B CN 103543686B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种智能精准施肥机及其控制。 The invention relates to an intelligent precision fertilizer applicator and its control.
背景技术 Background technique
目前的作物施肥一般通过人工或机器撒施，存在的问题是，大量的肥料洒落到了农作物上或土壤表面，而并没有进入土壤里面，极容易被雨水冲刷流失或肥料养分的散失，从而造成肥料的巨大浪费。根据土壤养分和作物的差异，对作物进行精准施肥是未来精准农业发展的需要和趋势。然而，当前传统的施肥方式，在施用固体肥料时，通过人工撒施的方式费时费力，通过机器撒施也没有进入到土壤，造成肥料的浪费。同时，施肥过程中，也没有根据不同地点和不同作物的差异进行肥料组成成份比例的适时组合撒施，从而更加精准地进行施肥，实现在满足不同作物的肥份要求的同时，大量减少肥料的浪费。 The current crop fertilization is generally applied manually or by machine. The problem is that a large amount of fertilizer is spilled on the crops or on the soil surface, but does not enter the soil. It is very easy to be washed away by rain or the fertilizer nutrients are lost, resulting in fertilizer huge waste. According to the differences between soil nutrients and crops, precise fertilization of crops is the need and trend of the future development of precision agriculture. However, the current traditional fertilization method, when applying solid fertilizer, is time-consuming and labor-intensive through manual spreading, and machine spreading does not enter the soil, resulting in waste of fertilizer. At the same time, in the process of fertilization, there is no timely combined application of fertilizer composition ratios according to the differences of different locations and different crops, so as to perform fertilization more accurately, and achieve a large reduction in fertilizer consumption while meeting the fertilizer requirements of different crops. waste.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种智能精准施肥机及其控制。 In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent precision fertilizer applicator and its control.
本发明采用以下方案实现：一种智能精准施肥机，包括一施肥机本体，其特征在于：所述施肥机本体上设置一处理单元，所述处理单元连接一采集单元、一控制单元和一下料单元，所述控制单元连接复数个电磁阀用以对应控制复数个贮肥箱的启闭，所述复数个电磁阀分别通过计量表连接到一混合箱，所述混合箱连接到所述下料单元。 The present invention adopts the following scheme to realize: an intelligent precision fertilizer applicator, including a fertilizer applicator body, characterized in that: a processing unit is arranged on the fertilizer applicator body, and the processing unit is connected with a collection unit, a control unit and a feeding unit unit, the control unit is connected to a plurality of electromagnetic valves to correspondingly control the opening and closing of a plurality of fertilizer storage boxes, and the plurality of electromagnetic valves are respectively connected to a mixing box through a meter, and the mixing box is connected to the feeding unit.
在本发明一实施例中，所述采集单元是一土壤氮磷钾检测仪。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the collection unit is a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium detector.
在本发明一实施例中，所述下料单元包括一筒形体，所述筒形体下端设有导向套筒，所述筒形体和导向套筒体内穿设有可伸出导向套筒体下端进行土层钻孔的钻头，所述导向套筒侧部设有导料管道，所述导料管道的下端通入导向套筒中，所述导料管道的上端与备料箱连接，所述导料管道上设有与所述处理单元连接的电磁阀，所述备料箱通过备料管道与所述混合箱连接。 In one embodiment of the present invention, the feeding unit includes a cylindrical body, the lower end of the cylindrical body is provided with a guide sleeve, and the lower end of the cylindrical body and the guide sleeve is pierced with a protruding guide sleeve body for The drill bit for drilling holes in the soil layer, the side of the guide sleeve is provided with a guide pipe, the lower end of the guide pipe leads into the guide sleeve, the upper end of the guide pipe is connected with the stock box, and the guide pipe A solenoid valve connected to the processing unit is provided on the pipeline, and the material preparation box is connected to the mixing box through the material preparation pipeline.
在本发明一实施例中，所述备料箱与一高压气路连通。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the material preparation box is in communication with a high-pressure air circuit.
在本发明一实施例中，所述导向套筒内壁面呈喇叭口状。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall of the guide sleeve is in the shape of a bell mouth.
在本发明一实施例中，所述导向套筒与筒形体通过螺纹可拆连接。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the guide sleeve is detachably connected to the cylindrical body through threads.
在本发明一实施例中，所述下料单元还包括一计量表，设置于所述导料管道上。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding unit further includes a meter, which is arranged on the feeding pipeline.
在本发明一实施例中，所述混合箱还包括一搅拌器。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the mixing box further includes a stirrer.
在本发明一实施例中，所述处理单元为单片机或PLC模块。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the processing unit is a single-chip microcomputer or a PLC module.
本发明还提供一种智能精准施肥机的控制方法，其特征在于：处理单元控制采集单元采集待施肥点的土壤信息，并根据该土壤信息控制电磁阀的启闭以在混合箱中进行固体肥料的混合和搅拌，将混合和搅拌后的混合固体肥料送入备料箱，导向套筒靠近或直接放在待施肥点，通过钻头的转动作用开始对土层进行钻孔，钻孔过程中，启动电磁阀，使备料箱中的混合固体肥料在高压的作用下部分肥料冲入钻孔的土层里，在达到预设施肥量的情况下，关闭电磁阀和钻头的转动，即完成一个施肥点的施肥。 The present invention also provides a control method for an intelligent and precise fertilizing machine, which is characterized in that: the processing unit controls the acquisition unit to collect the soil information of the point to be fertilized, and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve according to the soil information to perform solid fertilizer in the mixing box. Mixing and stirring, the mixed and stirred mixed solid fertilizer is sent into the material preparation box, the guide sleeve is placed close to or directly at the point to be fertilized, and the soil layer is drilled through the rotation of the drill bit. During the drilling process, start Solenoid valve makes the mixed solid fertilizer in the feed box rush into the soil layer of the drilled hole under the action of high pressure. When the pre-applied fertilizer amount is reached, the solenoid valve and the rotation of the drill bit are closed to complete a fertilization point. fertilization.
本发明操作方便，且有利于针对性的施肥，减少肥料的浪费。 The invention is convenient to operate, is beneficial to pertinent fertilization, and reduces waste of fertilizer.
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下将通过具体实施例和相关附图，对本发明作进一步详细说明。 In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments and related drawings.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明智能精准施肥机结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the intelligent precision fertilizer applicator of the present invention.
图2是本发明中下料单元结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the unloading unit in the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
如图1所示，本发明提供一种智能精准施肥机，包括一施肥机本体，所述施肥机本体上设置一处理单元1，所述处理单元1连接一采集单元2、一控制单元3和一下料单元8，所述控制单元3连接复数个电磁阀4用以对应控制复数个贮肥箱5（优选的，可以选用三个贮肥箱，分别存储富含氮、磷、钾元素的肥料）的启闭，所述复数个电磁阀4分别通过计量表6连接到一混合箱7，所述混合箱7连接到所述下料单元8。该施肥机可以是一辆带遥控功能的小车，以利于方便的进行移动进而进行智能施肥。 As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides an intelligent precision fertilizer, comprising a fertilizer body, a processing unit 1 is arranged on the fertilizer body, and the processing unit 1 is connected to an acquisition unit 2, a control unit 3 and A feeding unit 8, the control unit 3 is connected to a plurality of solenoid valves 4 for correspondingly controlling a plurality of fertilizer storage boxes 5 (preferably, three fertilizer storage boxes can be selected to store fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements respectively. ), the plurality of electromagnetic valves 4 are respectively connected to a mixing box 7 through a meter 6, and the mixing box 7 is connected to the feeding unit 8. The fertilizer applicator can be a trolley with a remote control function, so as to be convenient for moving and then perform intelligent fertilization.
优选的，所述采集单元可以是一土壤氮磷钾检测仪，所述处理单元为单片机或PLC模块。 Preferably, the acquisition unit can be a soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium detector, and the processing unit is a single-chip microcomputer or a PLC module.
如图2所示，所述下料单元8包括一筒形体81，所述筒形体81下端设有导向套筒82，所述筒形体81和导向套筒82体内穿设有可伸出导向套筒体下端进行土层钻孔的钻头83，所述导向套筒82侧部设有导料管道84，所述导料管道84的下端通入导向套筒82中，所述导料管道84的上端与备料箱85连接，所述导料管道84上设有与所述处理单元1连接的电磁阀86，便于控制施肥量，所述备料箱85通过备料管道87与所述混合箱7连接。所述钻头的作用不仅有利于土层的钻洞，而且有利于肥料螺旋推入土层中。为了有利钻洞，钻头下端的螺距是上端的两倍，钻头下端的螺程为10cm,钻头上端的螺程为15cm。 As shown in Fig. 2, the unloading unit 8 includes a cylindrical body 81, a guide sleeve 82 is provided at the lower end of the cylindrical body 81, and an extendable guide sleeve is provided inside the cylindrical body 81 and the guide sleeve 82. The drill bit 83 for drilling the soil layer is carried out at the lower end of the cylinder, and the side of the guide sleeve 82 is provided with a guide pipe 84, and the lower end of the guide pipe 84 leads into the guide sleeve 82. The upper end is connected with the material preparation box 85 , and the solenoid valve 86 connected with the processing unit 1 is arranged on the material guide pipe 84 to facilitate the control of the amount of fertilizer applied. The material preparation box 85 is connected with the mixing box 7 through a material preparation pipeline 87 . The function of the drill bit is not only beneficial to the drilling of the soil layer, but also beneficial to the helical pushing of the fertilizer into the soil layer. In order to facilitate drilling, the pitch of the lower end of the drill bit is twice that of the upper end, the screw thread of the lower end of the drill bit is 10 cm, and the screw pitch of the upper end of the drill bit is 15 cm.
为了实现输料的顺畅，所述备料箱与一高压气路88连通。 In order to realize smooth material delivery, the material preparation box is communicated with a high-pressure air circuit 88 .
为了实现输料更加的顺畅，所述导向套筒内壁面89呈喇叭口状。 In order to achieve smoother material delivery, the inner wall surface 89 of the guide sleeve is in the shape of a bell mouth.
为了便于筒体内的清洁，上述导向套筒与筒形体通过螺纹可拆连接。为了设计合理，导向套筒与筒形体的连接处呈锥形状。 In order to facilitate cleaning in the cylinder, the guide sleeve is detachably connected to the cylinder body through threads. In order to design rationally, the junction of the guide sleeve and the cylindrical body is in the shape of a cone.
为了更加精准的控制施肥量，所述下料单元还包括一计量表，设置于所述导料管道84上。 In order to control the amount of fertilization more accurately, the feeding unit also includes a meter, which is arranged on the feeding pipe 84 .
为了更好的使固体肥料充分混合和搅拌，所述混合箱还包括一搅拌器。 In order to better fully mix and stir the solid fertilizer, the mixing box also includes a stirrer.
本发明还提供一种智能精准施肥机的控制方法，处理单元控制采集单元采集待施肥点的土壤信息（即：采集待施肥点的土壤氮磷钾等元素的含量），并根据该土壤信息控制电磁阀的启闭以在混合箱中进行固体肥料的混合和搅拌，将混合和搅拌后的混合固体肥料送入备料箱，导向套筒靠近或直接放在待施肥点（可以通过施肥机上的动力机械部件进行移动），通过钻头的转动作用开始对土层进行钻孔，钻孔过程中，启动电磁阀，使备料箱中的混合固体肥料在高压的作用下部分肥料冲入钻孔的土层里，在达到预设施肥量的情况下，关闭电磁阀和钻头的转动，即完成一个施肥点的施肥。 The present invention also provides a control method for an intelligent precision fertilizer applicator. The processing unit controls the acquisition unit to collect the soil information of the point to be fertilized (that is, to collect the content of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil at the point to be fertilized), and control according to the soil information. The solenoid valve is opened and closed to mix and stir the solid fertilizer in the mixing box, and the mixed and stirred solid fertilizer is sent to the stock preparation box, and the guide sleeve is placed close to or directly at the point to be fertilized (it can be powered by the power of the fertilizer spreader) The mechanical parts are moved), and the soil layer is drilled through the rotation of the drill bit. During the drilling process, the solenoid valve is activated to make the mixed solid fertilizer in the preparation box rush into the soil layer of the drilled hole under the action of high pressure. Here, when the pre-fertilization amount is reached, the solenoid valve and the rotation of the drill bit are closed, that is, the fertilization of one fertilization point is completed.
上列较佳实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和优点进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above-listed preferred embodiments have further described the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
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| CN104429257B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2017-04-12 | 黄玲 | Top application system for greenhouse planting |
| CN105103754A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-02 | 朱翠帮 | Automatic fertilization system |
| CN105929733B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2018-06-29 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of corn intelligence seeding and fertilizing control system and control method |
| CN105993334B (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2017-12-22 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of continuous fertilization machine |
| CN106385903B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-10-16 | 王其传 | Fluid pressure type automatic pointing fertilizing equipment |
| CN106856759A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-20 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | A kind of fertilizer applicator and fertilizing method |
| CN107124939B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2024-04-12 | 重庆科技学院 | Integrated drilling seeder |
| CN108064517A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-05-25 | 罗志杰 | A kind of quantificationally fertilizing machine |
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