CN1404709A - Precision variable fertilizing machine - Google Patents

Precision variable fertilizing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1404709A
CN1404709A CN02149019A CN02149019A CN1404709A CN 1404709 A CN1404709 A CN 1404709A CN 02149019 A CN02149019 A CN 02149019A CN 02149019 A CN02149019 A CN 02149019A CN 1404709 A CN1404709 A CN 1404709A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
tractor
fertilising
terminal box
gps
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Granted
Application number
CN02149019A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1299558C (en
Inventor
王秀
赵春江
孟志军
薛绪掌
陈立平
潘瑜春
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Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture
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Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture
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Priority to CNB021490198A priority Critical patent/CN1299558C/en
Publication of CN1404709A publication Critical patent/CN1404709A/en
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Publication of CN1299558C publication Critical patent/CN1299558C/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The present invention utilizes tractor and mounted fertilizer applicator, and utilizes the GPS positioning system and computer which are fixed on the tractor and used as mechanical control system to provide the information about amount of chemical fertilizer to be applied in defined position and utilizes the regulation of rotating speed of fertilizer-discharging wheel so as to attain the goal of regulating fertilizer-applied amount. Said invention can raise utilization rate of fertilizer by 40-50%, and can raise yield by 30%.

Description

Accurate variable-rate fertilization
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agricultural machinery fertilizer machinery
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer has been subjected to various countries peasants' popular welcome as the nutrient of plant growing source, all over the world the peasant generally chemical fertilizer as one of main means of increases in grain production.Generally the peasant to use chemical fertilizer all be to broadcast sowing chemical fertilizer on the face of land equably and then carry out corresponding agronomy operation, still use the chemical fertilizer of equal number just to cause the excessive use of chemical fertilizer in soil nutrient high place and the low place of soil nutrient like this in this position, the chemical fertilizer part of these excessive uses is decomposed in soil, have in addition the part just in soil by leaching, thereby the chemical fertilizer of these leachings is absorbed by underground water and causes groundwater contamination, influences the healthy of people.Therefore the cry along with sustainable development of agricultural production strengthens day by day, and the chemical fertilizer pollution on the environment more and more is subjected to the attention of the countries concerned, and most developed countries begin to formulate the usage quantity of relevant legal restrictions chemical fertilizer.
Popularizing and promoting along with global positioning system (GPS) technology, under the help of gps system, can accurately obtain the geographical position at its place when agricultural machinery carries out farm work in real time, thereby the technology that soil is implemented the fixed point management and become a comparative maturity is put it over and uses.In the variable mechanical fertilization, fertilizer machinery can apply fertilizer according to the prescription fertilising figure of prior generation under the control action of control system this system applies.Lacking local many fertilisings of fertilizer, reduce fertilizing amount in the place that soil nutrient is high, stop to apply of chemical fertilizer in the place that need not apply fertilizer.Chemical fertilizer not only will reach quantitatively accurate in the process of using like this, and also want accurately the position of fertilising.
External existing variable fertilization machinery almost all is the purpose that reaches uniform broadcasting fertilizer by the disk of rotation bar none.The scope that chemical fertilizer broadcasts sowing reaches adjustment by the rotating speed of adjusting disk, generally the chemical fertilizer scope of broadcasting sowing is between 10-30 rice, the variable fertilization machinery of this structure only is applicable to the operation of large tracts of land plot on the one hand, the manufacturing cost that is machinery on the other hand is higher, and the peasant is difficult to accept under current state.Promoting these machineries in China can make variable fertilization lose meaning because the cultivable land area of having a large population is little; Moreover high if these machinery introducing China are promoted the use of cost, peasant few people can purchase and afford.And the tractor quantity that the present reality of China is the peasant to be had is many, therefore the peasant uses tractor to finish nearly all farm work, and the research variable fertilization machinery that uses that matches with China tractor becomes the emphasis that China's variable fertilization machinery is studied.
The research majority of the present variable fertilization machinery of China is to be in the conceptual phase, variable fertilization just can be realized the variable fertilization of zonule very, can not carry out variable fertilization to whole plot according to prescription map, these achievements in research are carried out actual conversion and are also had certain distance.This invention is based on stellar-based global-positioning system and determines the job position of machinery in the plot, the applying quantity of chemical fertilizer information at place, position location is provided for mechanical control device by airborne computer fixing on the tractor, machinery is carried out by the prescription variable fertilization according to the prescription map that generates in advance in the entire job plot, reduce the usage quantity of chemical fertilizer, reduce the chemical fertilizer pollution on the environment in whole plot.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is the problem that solves the excessive use of chemical fertilizer in the production process, by soil is carried out the usage amount that variable fertilization reduces chemical fertilizer, reduces excessive use chemical fertilizer pollution on the environment.Its operation principle is the information according to nutrient content in the soil, in conjunction with sowing crop fertilizer demand, by with the expertise combination, the required prescription map of using chemical fertilizer under office generates this soil condition according to these existing information, this prescription map imports in the calculator of accurate variable-rate fertilization control system with the form of SHP file in the GIS of the ESRI company product systems by the ATA card, calculator in this prescription map about the information of fertilizing amount by be installed in the GPS geographical location information that GPS records on the tractor and mate mutually, obtain the required fertilising quantity in this position, the fertilising quantitative value of current position is transferred to the central controller of fertilization control system by data exchange unit, central controller converts these data signals to analog signal, the aperture of the analog signal control hydraulic throttle valve after the conversion, reach the purpose of control hydraulic pump rotating speed by the quantity of adjusting fuel feeding, the rotating speed of hydraulic pump is given controller this signal feedback again conversely, controller is converted into fertilizing amount to the signal that receives and feeds back to calculator, and calculator demonstrates the quantity that current position applies fertilizer on display screen.Last fertilizer quantity in the track of the job information in fertilizer machinery field such as tractor walking, gps signal situation, working area, the fertilizer can, and the fertilizing amount of field reality can be got off by the computer recording in the driver's cabin.Under these information can be downloaded, await from now on processing and analysis after fertilising is finished.
The back suspended rotating speed by the adjustment defertilizing wheel of the tractor that does not now also have the type to link to each other with gps system reaches the accurate variable-rate fertilization of adjusting fertilizing amount both at home and abroad, precisely variable-rate fertilization is formed by tractor 1 with by the fertilizing mechanism of three-point hitch 12, hydraulic motor 13 on the fertilizer distributor frame 21, by intermediate propeller shaft 14, power transmission is arrived defertilizing wheel 16, defertilizing wheel is common outer groove-wheel, by the fertilizer guiding tube 18 and the fertile device 19 that looses, hydraulic motor 13 is connected by the hydraulic system of oil return pipe 22 fuel feed pumps 23 and tractor below the defertilizing wheel.Be fixed with on the outer Peng Ding of tractor that gps satellite is accepted antenna 7 and radio is accepted antenna 8, there is data exchange unit 2 in driver's cabin the place ahead, the front lower place is fixed with that the fixing fertilising in the place ahead, right side controller 6, below, driver's cabin right side are fixed with terminal box 9, power supply junction box 10 and GPS rover station 11 and also are fixed on right side side in guiding optical wand 4, the ceiling in fertilising gauge tap 5, AgGPS170 calculator 3, the ceiling, storage battery is fixed on the tractor right side beam and the shared same storage battery of tractor, and velocity radar 24 is positioned on the fertilising frame.Control calculator 3 links to each other with terminal box 9, gets in touch by terminal box 9 and other parts of control system, and guiding optical wand 4 links to each other with terminal box 9 and receives by 3 information of sending.Fertilising controller 6 fertilising switches 5, hydraulic motor 13, data exchange unit 2 link to each other with velocity radar 24; Calculator 3, fertilising gauge tap 6, terminal box 9 all link to each other with power supply junction box 10 with velocity radar 24 and obtain driving power, gps satellite is accepted antenna 7 and is accepted antenna 8 with radio and link to each other with GPS rover station 11, and GPS rover station 11 and terminal box 9 systems of being connected to provide gps signal.Power supply junction box 10 links to each other with storage battery 25.Diffusing fertile mechanism forms with the corresponding diffusing fertile device 19 of fertilizer guiding tube by 24, and the fertile device top of loosing is that cylindrical lower portion is rectangular mouthful a tubaeform mechanism, and internal fixation has three fertilizer retaining plates 26.
The rotation of outer groove-wheel is driven by a major axis that is installed in the fertilizer can front portion, and all fertilizer apparatuss that are installed on the variable-rate fertilization all are to drive by this major axis intermediate propeller shaft.In order to reduce the instability that major axis causes transmission system, transmission long axis disconnects at the middle part, and two sprocket wheels of middle use connect by double strand chain.Fertilizer is discharged the back by fertilizer apparatus and is flowed into the fertile device that looses by fertilizer guiding tube, the fertilizer that the fertile device that looses flows into fertilizer guiding tube scatter equably and is sprinkling upon the face of land, the structure of fertile device of loosing adopts unique sector structure, and the fertile device inside of loosing reaches the fertilizer that flows down from fertilizer guiding tube is evenly scatter by the fertile mechanism of retaining is installed.Precisely the hydraulic motor of variable-rate fertilization drives control by the hydraulic pressure output of tractor, play the purpose of fuel feeding and fuel cut-off by stirring control crank in the driver's cabin, the rotating speed control of hydraulic motor then is the purpose that reaches control hydraulic motor rotating speed according to the size of fertilizing amount by the aperture of adjusting choke valve.The indoor calculator of tractor driving is read the fertilising quantity of tractor position from prescription map, the mode changeover signal of this fertilising quantity according to previous setting, after mating mutually by the speed of advancing with tractor, through after the digital-to-analogue conversion these digital quantities being converted to the purpose that analog quantity reaches the control hydraulic throttle valve.Mostly the rotating speed of domestic present adjusting fertilizer apparatus is to realize by stepper motor, because stepper motor operation in the plot is to realize by the airborne storage battery of tractor, thereby each stepper motor can only drive a fertilizer apparatus, thereby the working width of machinery is less, and production efficiency is also lower.
This accurate fertilizer distributor can be realized the variable fertilization of all granular fertilizers, and the adjusting of fertilizing amount reaches the purpose of adjusting fertilizing amount by the rotating speed of regulating defertilizing wheel.Different granular fertilizers can reach the purpose that accurate variable is used by adjusting the relevant initial parameter of fertilizer.Advantage of the present invention is to use this fertilizer distributor can improve grain yield 30%, improves utilization rate of fertilizer 40-45%, reduces the pollution that unreasonable use chemical fertilizer causes to environment.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 hangs the end view of variable-rate fertilization for tractor.
Fig. 2 is a vertical view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the power supply and the signal line figure of variable-rate fertilization.
Fig. 4 is the front view of diffusing fertile device.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of diffusing fertile device.
The element title of each figure number representative is as follows among the figure:
1, tractor 2, data exchange unit 3, AgGPS170 calculator 4, guiding optical wand 5, fertilising gauge tap 6, fertilising controller 7, gps satellite is accepted antenna 8, radio receiving antenna 9, terminal box 10, power supply junction box 11, GPS rover station 12, three-point hitch 13, hydraulic motor assembly 14, intermediate propeller shaft 15, fertilizer can 16, defertilizing wheel 17, Working pedal 18, fertilizer guiding tube 19, fertile device 20 looses, land wheel 21, frame 22, oil return pipe 23, fuel feed pump 24, velocity radar 25, storage battery, 26, fertilizer retaining plate
Embodiment
Determine the fertilising prescription of soil according to the soil information in fertilising plot after, this prescription map is with the file format input AgGPS170 calculator 3 of .shp, gps satellite signal reception antenna 7 and the wireless aerial 8 fixed on the tractor 1 are handled the back through gps receiver 11 and are obtained GPS differential signals (DGPS signal).Systems soft ware can be determined fertilizer machinery residing geographical position in the plot according to the differential signal that obtains, the location coordinate of navigation software of installing on the AgGPS170 calculator and fertilising prescription map is mated mutually, calculator is transferred to fertilising controller 6 to the fertilizing amount information of this position by data exchange unit 2 if the coordinate of the two coincide then mutually, controller control hydraulic motor assembly 13, reach the rotating speed of adjusting fuel delivery realization adjustment hydraulic motor by the aperture size of adjusting control valve, fluid motor-driven intermediate propeller shaft 14 drives defertilizing wheel 16 by driving shaft 14 and reaches the purpose that changes defertilizing amount.Fertilizer begins and stops also can force control by fertilising gauge tap 5.Tractor in the walking in field by the operation of leading of the index signal on the guiding optical wand 4.The guiding optical wand links to each other with the AgGPS170 calculator by terminal box 9, the quantity that the demonstration tractor should apply fertilizer on the coordinate position in operation plot and prescription map on the AgGPS170 display screen and the fertilizing amount of actual machine.Granular chemical fertilizer is poured into before machinery begins operation in the fertilizer can 15, can stand on when manually pouring fertilizer on the pedal 17.Fertilizer falls into fertilizer guiding tube 18 after discharging through defertilizing wheel 16, and granular chemical fertilizer is sent into the fertile device 19 that looses by fertilizer guiding tube 18, and the diffusing fertile baffle plate that is fixed in the fertile device 19 that looses is sprinkling upon ground surface equably to fertilizer.Hydraulic oil in the fuel feed pump 23 is provided by the hydraulic pressure delivery outlet of tractor 1, and hydraulic oil is got back in the tractor hydraulic fuel tank by oil return pipe 22 through behind the hydraulic motor.Variable-rate fertilization links to each other with tractor by three-point hitch 12.The fertilizer machinery speed that operation is advanced in the plot is measured by velocity radar 24, and the fertilising quantitative value that provides on speed that fertilising controller 6 advances according to tractor and the prescription map is determined the speed of hydraulic motor rotating speed, thereby reaches the purpose that changes the fertilizing amount size.The power supply supply of all control assemblies is provided through power supply junction box 10 by the storage battery 25 of tractor in the system, can reach the purpose of independent use fertilizer distributor partial function like this.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of accurate variable-rate fertilization, it is characterized in that forming with the fertilizing mechanism that links to each other by three-point hitch (12) by tractor (1), hydraulic motor (13) on the fertilizer distributor frame (21), by intermediate propeller shaft (14), power transmission is arrived defertilizing wheel (16), defertilizing wheel is common outer groove-wheel, and by the fertilizer guiding tube (88) and the fertile device (19) that looses, hydraulic motor (13) is connected by the hydraulic system of oil return pipe (22), fuel feed pump (23) and tractor below the defertilizing wheel; Be fixed with on the tractor Peng Ding that gps satellite is accepted antenna (7) and radio is accepted antenna (8), there is data exchange unit (2) in driver's cabin the place ahead, fertilising gauge tap (5), AgGPS170 calculator (3), ceiling front lower place are fixed with guiding optical wand (4), the fixing fertilising in the place ahead, ceiling right side controller (6), below, driver's cabin right side and are fixed with terminal box (9), power supply junction box (10) and GPS rover station (11) and are fixed on right side side, storage battery is fixed on the tractor right side beam and the shared same storage battery of tractor, and velocity radar (24) is positioned on the fertilising frame.
2, according to the described variable-rate fertilization of claim 1, it is characterized in that power supply is connected to signal line: control calculator (3) links to each other with terminal box (9), get in touch by terminal box (9) and other parts of control system, guiding optical wand (4) links to each other with terminal box (9) and receives the information of being sent by (3); Fertilising controller (6) links to each other with velocity radar (24) with fertilising switch (5), hydraulic motor (13), data exchange unit (2); Calculator (3), fertilising gauge tap (6), terminal box (9) all link to each other with power supply junction box (10) with velocity radar (24) and obtain driving power, gps satellite is accepted antenna (7) and is accepted antenna (8) with radio and link to each other with GPS rover station (11), GPS rover station (11) and terminal box (9) system of being connected to provide gps signal, and power supply junction box (10) links to each other with storage battery (25).
3, according to the described variable-rate fertilization of claim 1, it is characterized in that diffusing fertile mechanism forms with the corresponding diffusing fertile device of fertilizer guiding tube (19) by (24) are individual, diffusing fertile device top is that cylindrical lower portion is rectangular mouthful a tubaeform mechanism, and internal fixation has three fertilizer retaining plates (26).
CNB021490198A 2002-11-20 2002-11-20 Precision variable fertilizing machine Expired - Fee Related CN1299558C (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1326442C (en) * 2005-06-21 2007-07-18 吉林大学 Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system
CN100352327C (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-12-05 上海交通大学 Precision and quantity-variation type seeding fertilizing machine with functions of opening and speed regulation
CN102150500A (en) * 2010-12-28 2011-08-17 淮安英华科技有限公司 Deflector rod type fertilizer controller of fertilizer spreading machine
CN101773016B (en) * 2010-01-07 2012-01-04 淮海工学院 Intelligent variable rate fertilizer for rice and variable rate fertilization method thereof
CN102598941A (en) * 2012-03-29 2012-07-25 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 Precision control intelligent fertilizing machine
CN103493640A (en) * 2013-09-18 2014-01-08 山东省农业机械科学研究所 Uniform fertilizing device
CN103543686A (en) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-29 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Intelligent precision fertilizer applicator and control thereof
US8777707B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2014-07-15 David Stanley Hoyle Spreader with GPS guided spread pattern
CN104221571A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-12-24 浙江理工大学 Small rail car drop irrigation type variable rate fertilization system
CN104221566A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-12-24 浙江理工大学 Crane type variable rate fertilization system
CN104285578A (en) * 2014-08-26 2015-01-21 浙江工业大学 Single-arm lifting machine-type variable rate fertilizing system
CN104604411A (en) * 2015-01-29 2015-05-13 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 Novel dot liquid fertilizer injection device and method
CN105123062A (en) * 2015-08-03 2015-12-09 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 On-board fertilization device and fertilization control method thereof
CN106233905A (en) * 2016-09-30 2016-12-21 北京东方优国途科技有限公司 The intelligent organic-inorganic fertilization all-in-one machine of essence control
CN106258136A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-04 北京东方优国途科技有限公司 Essence controls intelligent inorganic fertilizer applicator
CN108934351A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-12-07 吉林大学 A kind of Tree Precise Fertilization device based on multiple spot radar
CN109310046A (en) * 2016-06-06 2019-02-05 艾姆瓦克公司 The system of the given application of multiple product is provided
CN111183774A (en) * 2020-01-23 2020-05-22 福建坤加建设有限公司 Accurate variable fertilizer distributor
CN115053679A (en) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-16 陈新民 Constant-pressure variable-rate fertilization car and variable-rate fertilization method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5220876A (en) * 1992-06-22 1993-06-22 Ag-Chem Equipment Co., Inc. Variable rate application system
JP4042929B2 (en) * 1998-04-07 2008-02-06 ヤンマー農機株式会社 Soil sample analyzer for precision farming
DE19913971A1 (en) * 1999-03-18 2000-09-28 Norsk Hydro As Computer controlled fertilizer application includes using digital global positioning system to control sensors for determining chlorophyll content

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1326442C (en) * 2005-06-21 2007-07-18 吉林大学 Virtual GPS accurate agricultural variable subsoil application system
CN100352327C (en) * 2005-08-11 2007-12-05 上海交通大学 Precision and quantity-variation type seeding fertilizing machine with functions of opening and speed regulation
US8777707B2 (en) 2007-10-04 2014-07-15 David Stanley Hoyle Spreader with GPS guided spread pattern
CN101773016B (en) * 2010-01-07 2012-01-04 淮海工学院 Intelligent variable rate fertilizer for rice and variable rate fertilization method thereof
CN102150500A (en) * 2010-12-28 2011-08-17 淮安英华科技有限公司 Deflector rod type fertilizer controller of fertilizer spreading machine
CN102150500B (en) * 2010-12-28 2012-07-04 淮安英华科技有限公司 Deflector rod type fertilizer controller of fertilizer spreading machine
CN102598941A (en) * 2012-03-29 2012-07-25 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 Precision control intelligent fertilizing machine
CN103493640A (en) * 2013-09-18 2014-01-08 山东省农业机械科学研究所 Uniform fertilizing device
CN103543686A (en) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-29 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Intelligent precision fertilizer applicator and control thereof
CN103543686B (en) * 2013-09-30 2016-04-27 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Intelligent accurate fertilizer applicator and control thereof
CN104221571A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-12-24 浙江理工大学 Small rail car drop irrigation type variable rate fertilization system
CN104221566A (en) * 2014-08-26 2014-12-24 浙江理工大学 Crane type variable rate fertilization system
CN104285578A (en) * 2014-08-26 2015-01-21 浙江工业大学 Single-arm lifting machine-type variable rate fertilizing system
CN104221566B (en) * 2014-08-26 2016-06-01 浙江理工大学 One hangs machine formula variable fertilization system
CN104221571B (en) * 2014-08-26 2016-06-29 浙江理工大学 Small rail car drip irrigation type variable fertilization system
CN104604411A (en) * 2015-01-29 2015-05-13 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 Novel dot liquid fertilizer injection device and method
CN104604411B (en) * 2015-01-29 2016-08-24 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 Novel point-like liquid fertilizer-injecting device and method
CN105123062A (en) * 2015-08-03 2015-12-09 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 On-board fertilization device and fertilization control method thereof
CN105123062B (en) * 2015-08-03 2017-03-22 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 On-board fertilization device and fertilization control method thereof
CN109310046A (en) * 2016-06-06 2019-02-05 艾姆瓦克公司 The system of the given application of multiple product is provided
CN106233905A (en) * 2016-09-30 2016-12-21 北京东方优国途科技有限公司 The intelligent organic-inorganic fertilization all-in-one machine of essence control
CN106258136A (en) * 2016-09-30 2017-01-04 北京东方优国途科技有限公司 Essence controls intelligent inorganic fertilizer applicator
CN106258136B (en) * 2016-09-30 2019-08-30 北京东方优国途科技有限公司 The intelligent inorganic fertilizer applicator of essence control
CN106233905B (en) * 2016-09-30 2019-09-27 北京东方优国途科技有限公司 Essence controls intelligent organic-inorganic fertilization all-in-one machine
CN108934351A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-12-07 吉林大学 A kind of Tree Precise Fertilization device based on multiple spot radar
CN111183774A (en) * 2020-01-23 2020-05-22 福建坤加建设有限公司 Accurate variable fertilizer distributor
CN115053679A (en) * 2022-08-03 2022-09-16 陈新民 Constant-pressure variable-rate fertilization car and variable-rate fertilization method

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Granted publication date: 20070214