CN106211896A - The fertilizing method of meta-alkali soil large cherry good quality and high output - Google Patents
The fertilizing method of meta-alkali soil large cherry good quality and high output Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses the fertilizing method of a kind of meta-alkali soil large cherry good quality and high output.The northern area of China soil meta-alkali, trace element lacks relatively, and early spring, extreme temperature occurred frequently, thus have impact on large cherry yield and quality.For ensureing that large cherry normal growth is grown, before building garden field planting and in the middle of annual fertilizing management process, soil improvement work should be carried out, during annual fertilising, strengthen the management of three aspects: (1) regulation rhizosphere soil pH；(2) for earsh and bearing tree nutrient demand, big-and-middle trace element is supplemented；(3) appliable plant growth regulatory substance, growth regulation, increase resistance, promote prematurity, precocity fruiting, improve the yield and quality.Fertilizing method of the present invention is for bearing tree or grafting tree.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilizer field, relate to the fertilizing method of a kind of meta-alkali soil large cherry good quality and high output.
Background technology
Large cherry is the north ripe seeds the earliest in fruit tree when falling.The end of spring and the beginning of summer lacks it just when fruit market fresh fruit
Border, first large cherry is supplied market, be compensate for the vacancy of fruit market in early days.Large cherry is liked on the sunny side, high-land, draining are good
Well, irrigation conditions, subacidity, fertile sand soil is had to plant.Large cherry cultivated area constantly expanded in recent years, many orchard workers
Blindly plantation, even at the area plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi that clayed ground, salt-soda soil, low-lying land and winter are colder, causes many cherry orchard
Occur light length tree not result, stripping, yellow, root knot stretch, extremely problems such as tree, cold spell in later spring, this not only have impact on big cherry
The yield of Fructus Persicae, also reduces the quality of fruit.
The northern area of China soil meta-alkalescence phenomenon is serious, for ensureing that large cherry normal growth is grown, to undesirable soil
Earth, can carry out soil improvement by application soil conditioner；Poor for the resistance faced in large cherry production process, raw
Reason imbalance, usually can be alleviated by application algae source biostimulation；For in large cherry production process occur yield poorly,
Poor quality problem, can pass through technique of balanced fertilizer, and the big-and-middle trace element of Rational Application is solved.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the fertilizing method of a kind of meta-alkali soil large cherry good quality and high output.
The fertilizing method of the Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi that the present invention provides, including fertilising in the soil of plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi and the step of foliage dressing
Suddenly；Wherein, step of applying fertilizer in described soil includes using Sargassum organic granular fertilizer, carbamide, urea phosphate and sulfur in every mu of soil
Acid potassium；
Wherein, every mu of total sowing amount using each fertilizer is respectively as follows: Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 80-150kg, carbamide 20-
35kg, urea phosphate 5-15kg and potassium sulfate 20-40kg；
In described foliage dressing step, to the foliage-spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer of every actinidia tree, calcic liquid fertilizer, containing ferrimanganic
Copper zinc liquid fertilizer and the liquid fertilizer in magnesium；
Wherein, the total sowing amount of each fertilizer of the foliage-spray of every cherry tree is respectively as follows: boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 10-20ml, contains
Calcium liquid fertilizer 100-200ml, containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 20-40ml and the liquid fertilizer 10-20ml in magnesium；
Root drip irrigation Sargassum extract 400-800g to every cherry tree.
In said method, the dose in described soil concretely every mu use Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 80kg, 120kg
Or 150kg, carbamide 28kg, 20kg or 35kg, urea phosphate 5kg, 10kg or 15kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, 34kg or 40kg；
Foliage-spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 10ml, 15ml or 20ml to every cherry tree, calcic liquid fertilizer 100ml, 150ml or
200ml, containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 20ml, 30ml or 40ml, containing magnesium liquid fertilizer 10ml, 15ml or 20ml；
Root drip irrigation Sargassum extract 400g, 600g or 800g to every cherry tree.
In described Sargassum organic granular fertilizer, the weight/mass percentage composition of alginic acid is 2-6%, specially 4%；It is purchased from Beijing
Thunder power marine organisms NPD projects limited company buys, trade name: sea 1, product adopted name: organic fertilizer, product
Registration card number: fertile (2015) the quasi-word 0056 of capital agriculture；
In described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer, the weight/mass percentage composition of boron is 8-12%, specially 9.5%；
The weight/mass percentage composition of molybdenum is 0.2-0.8%, specially 0.5%；
In described calcic liquid fertilizer, the weight/mass percentage composition of CaO is 5-15%, specially 10%；
Described containing in Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer, Fe2O3Weight/mass percentage composition be 4-8%, specially 6%；
The weight/mass percentage composition of Mn is 2-6%, specially 4%；
The weight/mass percentage composition of CuO is 2-6%, specially 4%；
The weight/mass percentage composition of ZnO is 4-8%, specially 6%；
It is described that containing in magnesium liquid fertilizer, the weight/mass percentage composition of MgO is 8-12%, specially 10%.
The described step that applies includes applying base manure, budding fertilizer and fruit-promoting fertilizer.
The fertilizing time of described base manure is after fruit harvesting 10-20 days, concretely 10,15 or 20 days；
The fertilising step of described base manure includes applying base fertilizer and the leaf to Cherry Grown in the soil of described plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi
Face liquid fertilizer sprayed；
Wherein, described base fertilizer is made up of described Sargassum organic granular fertilizer, carbamide, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate；
Described liquid fertilizer is made up of described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer and the described zinc liquid fertilizer containing Fe, Mn, Cu.
In the fertilising step of described base manure, the sowing amount of described Sargassum organic granular fertilizer accounts for the 50-70% of total sowing amount, tool
Body can be 50%, 60% or 70%；
The sowing amount of described carbamide accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, and concretely 20%, 30% or 40%；
The sowing amount of described urea phosphate accounts for the 50-70% of total sowing amount, and concretely 50%, 60% or 70%；
The sowing amount of described potassium sulfate accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, and concretely 20%, 30% or 40%；
The sowing amount of described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, and concretely 20%, 30% or 40%；
The described sowing amount containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, concretely 20%, 30% or
40%.
The fertilizing time of described budding fertilizer is 1-2 week before rudiment, concretely before rudiment 1 week or 10 days or 2 weeks；
The fertilising step of described budding fertilizer includes applying budding fertilizer base fertilizer in the soil of described plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, planting to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi
The foliage-spray budding fertilizer liquid fertilizer of strain and to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi root drip irrigation Sargassum extract；
Wherein, described budding fertilizer base fertilizer is made up of described Sargassum organic granular fertilizer, carbamide, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate；
Described budding fertilizer liquid fertilizer is by boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer, containing magnesium liquid fertilizer, form containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid and calcic liquid fertilizer.
In the fertilising step of described budding fertilizer, the sowing amount of described Sargassum organic granular fertilizer accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount,
Concretely 30% or 40%；
The sowing amount of described carbamide accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, and concretely 20%, 30% or 40%；
The sowing amount of described urea phosphate accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount, and concretely 30%, 40% or 50%；
The sowing amount of described potassium sulfate accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, and concretely 20%, 30% or 40%；
The sowing amount of described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount, and concretely 30%, 40% or 50%；
The described sowing amount containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, and concretely 20%, 30% or 40%；
The sowing amount of described calcic liquid fertilizer accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, and concretely 20%, 30% or 40%；
The described sowing amount containing magnesium liquid fertilizer is total sowing amount；
In described drip irrigation Sargassum extract step, the sowing amount of Sargassum extract accounts for the 40-60% of total sowing amount, specifically may be used
It is 40%, 50% or 60%.
The fertilizing time of described fruit-promoting fertilizer, for spending rear 1-2 week, concretely spends latter 1 week or 10 days or 2 weeks；
The fertilising step of described fruit-promoting fertilizer includes applying fruit-promoting fertilizer base fertilizer in the soil of described plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, planting to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi
The foliage-spray fruit-promoting fertilizer liquid fertilizer of strain and to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi root drip irrigation Sargassum extract；
Wherein, described fruit-promoting fertilizer base fertilizer is made up of carbamide and potassium sulfate；
Described fruit-promoting fertilizer liquid fertilizer is by boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer, form containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer and calcic liquid fertilizer.
In the fertilising step of described fruit-promoting fertilizer, the sowing amount of carbamide accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount, concretely
40%；
The sowing amount of described potassium sulfate accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount, and concretely 30%, 40% or 50%；
The sowing amount of described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount, and concretely 20% or 30%；
The described sowing amount containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount, and concretely 40%；
The sowing amount of described calcic liquid fertilizer accounts for the 60-80% of total sowing amount, and concretely 60% or 70%；
The sowing amount of described Sargassum extract accounts for the 40-60% of total sowing amount concretely 40%, 50% or 60%.
The method that applies of described base fertilizer is to carry out ploughing deeply by soil improves the soil and applies fertilizer after ditching；
In described ditching step, furrow width 30-40cm or 35cm dug, degree of depth 40cm, year by year outward expansion, until wholecircle
Use ring-type fertilization method after ploughing deeply instead, in conjunction with loosening the soil, dig 10-20cm or 15cm and apply；
The method that applies of described budding fertilizer base fertilizer and fruit-promoting fertilizer base fertilizer is in ring-type fertilising in place of tree trunk 80-100cm,
Digging the degree of depth is 10-20cm or 15cm；
Described Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi concretely large cherry.
It addition, in above-mentioned fertilizing method, Sargassum extract used can be prepared according to the method comprised the steps:
After Brown algae steep raising rubbing gained slurry is carried out enzymolysis I with cellulase, add brown in gained enzymolysis solution I
Alginic acid lyases carries out enzymolysis II, is cooled down by gained enzymolysis solution II, and centrifugal collection after supernatant adds humic acid crude product is dried, and obtains
Described Sargassum extract.
Wherein, the most various wild Brown algae of Brown algae used, such as at least one in yellow tang, Alga Sgrgassi Enerves and Thallus Laminariae (Thallus Eckloniae)；
Described cellulase is 1U:1-2g with the amount ratio of described slurry；Be specially 1U:1.245g or 1U:1.66g or
1U:1.99g；
Described humic acid crude product is 10-20g:1mL, concretely 15g:1mL with the amount ratio of supernatant；
The enzyme of described cellulase is lived as 100-300U/g, concretely 200U/g；
This enzyme live definition be 37 DEG C with pH 5.5 under conditions of, per minute from concentration be the carboxymethyl cellulose of 4mg/ml
Enzyme amount required for decomposing the reducing sugar (with glucose meter) of release 1 μm ol in element sodium solution is enzyme unit alive.
In described enzymolysis I step, temperature is 30-50 DEG C, specially 30 DEG C or 45 DEG C；Time is 2-4 hour；
Described alginate lyase is 1U:0.4-2.5g with the amount ratio of enzymolysis solution I；Specially 1U:0.5g or 1U:
0.83g or 1U:2.5g；
The enzyme of described alginate lyase is lived as 200-400U/g, concretely 300U/g；
The definition that this enzyme is lived is that the 10g/L sodium alginate solution of 1g pH7.0 phosphate buffer solution preparation is in 30 DEG C of water-baths
Middle preheating 10 minutes, adds crude enzyme liquid 1g, and 30 DEG C of water-baths, after 30 minutes, terminate reaction immediately in boiling water bath.Take 0.3ml
Reactant liquor, adds distilled water diluting to 3ml, measures light absorption value at 235nm, and the enzyme liquid that blank tube is boiled inactivation by 1g substitutes, then
Enzyme is lived and is defined as: under these experimental conditions, makes the enzyme amount needed for light absorption value increases by 0.1 at 235nm live as a lyases
Unit of force (U).
In described enzymolysis II step, temperature is 30-50 DEG C, specially 30 DEG C or 45 DEG C；Time is 4-6 hour；
In described centrifugation step, centrifugal rotational speed is 4000-5000 rev/min, specially 4500 revs/min；Centrifugation time
For 10-30 minute, specially 20 minutes；Centrifugal radius is 3-6cm, specially 5cm.
The present invention provide fertilizing method, solve meta-alkalescence soil large cherry growth unfavorable, fruiting rate is low, stripping, Huang
The problems such as change, dead tree, resistance is poor, fruit quality is poor, execute the fertilizer of varying number, contribute to big cherry according to different growth stage
The growth of Fructus Persicae.The present invention regulates rhizosphere soil pH by fertilising kind；Soil environment is improved by Sargassum organic granular fertilizer,
Increase soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping aeration；Increase large cherry resistance by using Sargassum extract, alleviate physiological disturbance, promote
Prematurity, precocity fruiting；Applied fertilizer by big-and-middle Equilibrium of Trace Elements, improve large cherry yield and quality, and reasonable supplement trace
Element, improves large cherry to the absorption of nutrient and intercepting and capturing rate, and then improves nutrientuse efficiency.When basal dressing, first
Use ditching method, both can apply fertilizer, it is also possible to turn over, and after turning over, use ring-type fertilising simultaneously, and can effectively make tree
Seedling absorbs nutrition, and fruit-promoting fertilizer uses ring-type fertilising, can improve the growth of tree and the growth of fruit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, but the present invention is not limited to following example.Institute
Method of stating is conventional method if no special instructions.Described raw material the most all can be either commercially available from open.
In Sargassum organic granular fertilizer used by following embodiment, the weight/mass percentage composition of alginic acid is 4%；It is purchased from Lei Li ocean, Beijing raw
Thing NPD projects limited company buys, trade name: sea 1, product adopted name: organic fertilizer, product registration card number: capital
Fertile (2015) the quasi-word 0056 of agriculture.In following embodiment if no special instructions, the fertilizer amount being administered in soil is every mu
Consumption；The consumption of foliar spray and drip irrigation is the foliage-spray of every cherry tree or the consumption of drip irrigation.
Sargassum extract used by following embodiment prepares the most as follows:
1) machinery after dry wild yellow tang steep raising is rubbed to slurry；
2) to step 1) 996 kilograms of slurries obtaining add 4 kilograms of cellulase (enzyme is lived as 200U/g), at 45 DEG C
Lower stirring 2 hours, obtains enzymolysis solution I；
3) to step 2) 997 kilograms of enzymolysis solution I obtaining add 3 kilograms of alginate lyases (enzyme is lived as 300U/g),
Stir 5 hours at 45 DEG C, obtain enzymolysis solution II；
4) step 3 is made) the enzymolysis solution II that obtains is cooled to room temperature, and through 4500 revs/min, within centrifugal 20 minutes, (centrifugal radius is
After 5cm), supernatant is added humic acid crude product (humic acid crude product is 15g:1mL with the amount ratio of supernatant) and is spray-dried, it is thus achieved that
Sargassum extract.
Embodiment 1,
(1) dose:
Soil improvement: use Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 120kg；Balanced nutrients: executing carbamide (N46%) 28kg, urea phosphate (contains
N18%, P2O545%) 10kg, potassium sulfate (K2O50%) 34kg；Foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer (boracic 9.5%, containing molybdenum 0.5%)
15ml, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer (CaO10%) 150ml, foliar spray zinc liquid fertilizer (Fe Han Fe, Mn, Cu2O36%, Mn4%, CuO4%,
ZnO6%) 30ml, foliar spray contains magnesium liquid fertilizer (MgO10%) 15ml；Physiology and degeneration-resistant regulation: drip irrigation Sargassum extract 600g.
Conventional fertilizer application amount as comparison: executing carbamide (N46%) 31.9kg, calcium superphosphate is (containing P2O516%) 28.1kg, sulfur
Acid potassium (K2O50%) 34kg.
(2) fertilizing time:
Base manure: after fruit harvesting 15 days, bottom application Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 60%；Bottom application carbamide 30%, urea phosphate 60%, sulfur
Acid potassium 30%, foliar spray boron molybdenum liquid fertilizer 30%, foliar spray contains Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 30%；
Budding fertilizer: first 10 days of rudiment, uses Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 40%, carbamide 30%, urea phosphate 40%, potassium sulfate
30%, foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 40%, foliar spray contains magnesium liquid fertilizer 100%, and foliar spray contains Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 30%, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer
Conventional 30%, drip irrigation Sargassum extract 50%；
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: spend latter 10 days, uses carbamide 40%, potassium sulfate 40%, foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 30%, and foliar spray contains ferrimanganic
Copper zinc liquid fertilizer 40%, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer 70%, drip irrigation Sargassum extract 50%.
Conventional fertilizer application period as comparison: after base manure fruit harvesting 15 days, bottom application carbamide 33.7%, calcium superphosphate
60%, potassium sulfate 30%；Budding fertilizer: first 10 days of rudiment, uses carbamide 31.2%, urea phosphate 40%, potassium sulfate 30%；Strong fruit
Fertile: to spend latter 10 days, use carbamide 35.1%, potassium sulfate 40%.
(3) fertilizing method:
Basal dressing: combine plough deeply improve the soil, ditching, furrow width 35cm, degree of depth 40cm, year by year outward expansion, until wholecircle is ploughed deeply；
Using ring-type fertilization method instead, in conjunction with loosening the soil, shallow cut 15cm applies later；
Executing budding fertilizer and fruit-promoting fertilizer, use ring-type fertilising, digging the degree of depth is 15cm, from tree trunk 90cm.
Application process as the base manure of common fertilizer, budding fertilizer and the fruit-promoting fertilizer of comparison is identical with this.
Foliar spray application power sprayer sprays.
This fertilizing method is compared with the conventional fertilizer application method as comparison, and fruit-setting rate improves 34%, and yield increases by 31%, list
Really percentage rate shared by weight >=9 gram improves 50%；Quality aspect, soluble solid increase by 25%, total sugar increase by 56%, titratable
Acid reduces by 19%, and sugar-acid ratio increases by 93%.Meanwhile, rhizosphere soil pH value reduces by 0.2 unit, large cherry low temperature ability in anti-early spring
Strengthen, senilism and Huang Ye phenomenon do not occur, the most ripe 3 days of fruit.
Table 1, the contrast of the Different Fertilization method each index of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi character
Note: each processes 80 samples of deciding grade and level；Difference=large cherry special fertilizer-common fertilizer；Increment rate=(large cherry
Special fertilizer-common fertilizer)/common fertilizer * 100.
This fertilizing method, compared with the conventional fertilizer application method as comparison, can dramatically increase fruit Middle nutrition element and contain
Amount, especially Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, increase by 86%, 47%, 67%, 82% (table 2) respectively；Additionally, K, Mg, Mn content in fruit
Also have and increase by a small margin, increase by 8%, 13% and 29% respectively.Visible, this fertilizing method of nutrition can supplement cherry tree trace unit
Cellulose content, thus improve fruit quality.
Table 2, Different Fertilization method large cherry fruit Middle nutrition constituent content (μ g/ml)
Note: use HNO3-HClO4Mix acid liquor clears up sample, uses in Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination cherry fruit
The content of 7 kinds of nutrients such as K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn, photometer model WFX-110 type atomic absorption spectrphotometry
Meter.
Compared with conventional fertilizer application, apply this fertilizing method, on the premise of not reducing dose, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase large cherry produces
Amount (31%), increases chemical fertilizer wilfully force of labor (31%), and concrete outcome is shown in Table 3.
Table 3, Different Fertilization method large cherry yield and nutrientuse efficiency
Note: chemical fertilizer wilfully force of labor=yield/dose.
Embodiment 2
(1) dose:
Soil improvement: use Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 80kg；Balanced nutrients: executing carbamide (N46%) 20kg, urea phosphate (contains
N18%, P2O545%) 5kg, potassium sulfate (K2O50%) 20kg；Foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer (boracic 9.5%, containing molybdenum 0.5%)
10ml, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer (CaO10%) 100ml, foliar spray zinc liquid fertilizer (Fe Han Fe, Mn, Cu2O36%, Mn4%, CuO4%,
ZnO6%) 20ml, foliar spray contains magnesium liquid fertilizer (MgO10%) 10ml；Physiology and degeneration-resistant regulation: drip irrigation Sargassum extract 400g.
Conventional fertilizer application amount as comparison: executing carbamide (N46%) 22.0kg, calcium superphosphate is (containing P2O516%) 14.1kg, sulfur
Acid potassium (K2O50%) 20kg.
(2) fertilizing time:
Base manure: after fruit harvesting 10 days, bottom application Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 70%；Bottom application carbamide 20%, urea phosphate 50%, sulfur
Acid potassium 20%, foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 20%, foliar spray contains Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 20%；
Budding fertilizer: before rudiment 1 week, uses Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 30%, carbamide 40%, urea phosphate 50%, potassium sulfate
40%, foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 50%, foliar spray contains magnesium liquid fertilizer 100%, and foliar spray contains Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 40%, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer
40%, drip irrigation Sargassum extract 40%；
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: spend latter 1 week, uses carbamide 40%, potassium sulfate 40%, foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 30%, and foliar spray contains ferrimanganic
Copper zinc liquid fertilizer 40%, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer 60%, drip irrigation Sargassum extract 60%.
Conventional fertilizer application period as comparison:
Base manure: after fruit harvesting 10 days, bottom application carbamide 22.7%, calcium superphosphate 50%, potassium sulfate 20%；
Budding fertilizer: before rudiment 1 week, carbamide 40.9%, calcium superphosphate 50%, potassium sulfate 40%；
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: spend latter 1 week, use carbamide 36.4%, potassium sulfate 40%.
(5) fertilizing method:
Basal dressing: combine plough deeply improve the soil, ditching, furrow width 30cm, degree of depth 40cm, year by year outward expansion, until wholecircle is ploughed deeply；
Using ring-type fertilization method instead, in conjunction with loosening the soil, shallow cut 10cm applies later；
Executing budding fertilizer and fruit-promoting fertilizer, use ring-type fertilising, digging the degree of depth is 10cm, from tree trunk 80cm.
Application process as the base manure of common fertilizer, budding fertilizer and the fruit-promoting fertilizer of comparison is identical with this.
Foliar spray application power sprayer sprays.
As shown in table 4, this fertilizing method is compared with the conventional fertilizer application method as comparison, and fruit-setting rate improves 49%, yield
Increasing by 35%, shared by single fruit weight >=9 gram, percentage rate improves 69%；Quality aspect, soluble solid increases by 28%, and total sugar increases
68%, titratable acid reduces by 11%, and sugar-acid ratio increases by 89%.Meanwhile, rhizosphere soil pH value reduces by 0.1 unit, and large cherry resists
Early spring, low temperature ability strengthened, and senilism and Huang Ye phenomenon do not occur, the most ripe 2 days of fruit.
Table 4, the contrast of the Different Fertilization method each index of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi character
Note: each processes 80 samples of deciding grade and level；Difference=large cherry special fertilizer-common fertilizer；Increment rate=(large cherry
Special fertilizer-common fertilizer)/common fertilizer * 100.
This fertilizing method, compared with the conventional fertilizer application method as comparison, can dramatically increase fruit Middle nutrition element and contain
Amount, especially Ca, Zn, Cu, increase by 72%, 55%, 87% (table 5) respectively；Additionally, K, Mg, Fe, Mn content also has little in fruit
Amplitude increases, and increases by 8%, 13%, 20% and 13% respectively.Visible, this fertilizing method of nutrition can supplement cherry tree trace unit
Cellulose content, thus improve fruit quality.
Table 5, Different Fertilization method large cherry fruit Middle nutrition constituent content (μ g/ml)
Note: use HNO3-HClO4Mix acid liquor clears up sample, uses in Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination cherry fruit
The content of 7 kinds of nutrients such as K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn, photometer model WFX-110 type atomic absorption spectrphotometry
Meter.
Compared with conventional fertilizer application, apply this fertilizing method, on the premise of not reducing dose, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase large cherry produces
Amount (35%), increases chemical fertilizer wilfully force of labor (35%), and concrete outcome is as shown in table 6.
Table 6, Different Fertilization method large cherry yield and nutrientuse efficiency
Note: chemical fertilizer wilfully force of labor=yield/dose.
Embodiment 3
(1) dose:
Soil improvement: use Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 150kg；
Balanced nutrients: executing carbamide (N46%) 35kg, urea phosphate is (containing N18%, P2O545%) 15kg, potassium sulfate
(K2O50%) 40kg；Foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer (boracic 9.5%, containing molybdenum 0.5%) 20ml, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer (CaO10%)
200ml, foliar spray zinc liquid fertilizer (Fe Han Fe, Mn, Cu2O36%, Mn4%, CuO4%, ZnO6%) 40ml, foliar spray liquid fertilizer in magnesium
(MgO10%) 20ml；
Physiology and degeneration-resistant regulation: drip irrigation Sargassum extract 800g.
Conventional fertilizer application amount as comparison: executing carbamide (N46%) 40.9kg, calcium superphosphate is (containing P2O516%) 42.2kg, sulfur
Acid potassium (K2O50%) 40kg.
(2) fertilizing time:
Soil improvement:
Base manure: after fruit harvesting 20 days, bottom application Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 70%；Bottom application carbamide 40%, urea phosphate 70%, sulfur
Acid potassium 40%, foliar spray boron molybdenum liquid fertilizer 40%, foliar spray Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 40%；
Budding fertilizer: before rudiment 2 weeks, uses Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 30%, carbamide 20%, urea phosphate 30%, potassium sulfate
20%, foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 40%, foliar spray contains magnesium liquid fertilizer 100%, and foliar spray contains Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 20%, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer
40%, drip irrigation Sargassum extract 60%；
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: spend rear 1-2 week, use carbamide 40%, potassium sulfate 40%, foliar spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 20%, foliar spray iron content
Copper-manganese zinc liquid fertilizer 40%, foliar spray calcic liquid fertilizer 60%, drip irrigation Sargassum extract 40%.
Conventional fertilizer application period as comparison: base manure: after fruit harvesting 10 days, bottom application carbamide 44.3%, calcium superphosphate
70%, potassium sulfate 40%；
Budding fertilizer: before rudiment 1 week, carbamide 21.4%, calcium superphosphate 30%, potassium sulfate 20%；
Fruit-promoting fertilizer: spend latter 1 week, use carbamide 34.3%, potassium sulfate 40%.
(3) fertilizing method:
Basal dressing: combine plough deeply improve the soil, ditching, furrow width 40cm, degree of depth 40cm, year by year outward expansion, until wholecircle is ploughed deeply；
Using ring-type fertilization method instead, in conjunction with loosening the soil, shallow cut 20cm applies later；
Executing budding fertilizer and fruit-promoting fertilizer, use ring-type fertilising, digging the degree of depth is 20cm, from tree trunk 100cm.
Application process as the base manure of common fertilizer, budding fertilizer and the fruit-promoting fertilizer of comparison is identical with this.
Foliar spray application power sprayer sprays.
As shown in table 7, this fertilizing method is compared with the conventional fertilizer application method as comparison, and fruit-setting rate improves 35%, yield
Increasing by 19%, shared by single fruit weight >=9 gram, percentage rate improves 46%；Quality aspect, soluble solid increases by 29%, and total sugar increases
48%, titratable acid reduces by 27%, and sugar-acid ratio increases by 104%.Meanwhile, rhizosphere soil pH value reduces by 0.3 unit, and large cherry resists
Early spring, low temperature ability strengthened, and senilism and Huang Ye phenomenon do not occur, the most ripe 3 days of fruit.
Table 7, the contrast of the Different Fertilization method each index of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi character
Note: each processes 80 samples of deciding grade and level；Difference=large cherry special fertilizer-common fertilizer；Increment rate=(large cherry
Special fertilizer-common fertilizer)/common fertilizer * 100.
This fertilizing method, compared with the conventional fertilizer application method as comparison, can dramatically increase fruit Middle nutrition element and contain
Amount, especially Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, increase by 108%, 70%, 84%, 74% (table 8) respectively；Additionally, K, Mg, Mn content in fruit
Also have and increase by a small margin, increase by 8%, 13% and 13% respectively.Visible, this fertilizing method of nutrition can supplement cherry tree trace unit
Cellulose content, thus improve fruit quality.
Table 8, Different Fertilization method large cherry fruit Middle nutrition constituent content (μ g/ml)
Note: use HNO3-HClO4Mix acid liquor clears up sample, uses in Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination cherry fruit
The content of 7 kinds of nutrients such as K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn, photometer model WFX-110 type atomic absorption spectrphotometry
Meter.
Compared with conventional fertilizer application, apply this fertilizing method, on the premise of not reducing dose, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase large cherry produces
Amount (19%), increases chemical fertilizer wilfully force of labor (19%), and concrete outcome is as shown in table 9.
Table 9, Different Fertilization method large cherry yield and nutrientuse efficiency
Note: chemical fertilizer wilfully force of labor=yield/dose.
Claims (10)
1. a fertilizing method for Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, including fertilising in the soil of plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi and the step of foliage dressing；Its feature exists
In: step of applying fertilizer in described soil includes using Sargassum organic granular fertilizer, carbamide, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate in every mu of soil；
Wherein, every mu of total sowing amount using each fertilizer is respectively as follows: Sargassum organic granular fertilizer 80-150kg, carbamide 20-35kg, phosphorus
Acid urea 5-15kg and potassium sulfate 20-40kg；
In described foliage dressing step, to the foliage-spray boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer of every actinidia tree, calcic liquid fertilizer, containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc
Liquid fertilizer and the liquid fertilizer in magnesium；
Wherein, the total sowing amount of each fertilizer of the foliage-spray of every cherry tree is respectively as follows: boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer 10-20ml, calcic liquid
Fertile 100-200ml, containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer 20-40ml and the liquid fertilizer 10-20ml in magnesium；
Root drip irrigation Sargassum extract 400-800g to every cherry tree.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described Sargassum organic granular fertilizer, the quality hundred of alginic acid
Dividing content is 2-6%；
In described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer, the weight/mass percentage composition of boron is 8-12%；
The weight/mass percentage composition of molybdenum is 0.2-0.8%；
In described calcic liquid fertilizer, the weight/mass percentage composition of CaO is 5-15%；
Described containing in Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer, Fe2O3Weight/mass percentage composition be 4-8%；
The weight/mass percentage composition of Mn is 2-6%；
The weight/mass percentage composition of CuO is 2-6%；
The weight/mass percentage composition of ZnO is 4-8%；
Described containing in magnesium liquid fertilizer, the weight/mass percentage composition of MgO is 8-12%.
Method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that apply described in: step include applying base manure, budding fertilizer and
Fruit-promoting fertilizer.
Method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the fertilizing time of described base manure is 10-20 after fruit harvesting
My god；
The fertilising step of described base manure includes applying base fertilizer in the soil of described plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi and spraying to the blade face of Cherry Grown
Execute liquid fertilizer；
Wherein, described base fertilizer is made up of described Sargassum organic granular fertilizer, carbamide, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate；
Described liquid fertilizer is made up of described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer and the described zinc liquid fertilizer containing Fe, Mn, Cu.
Method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in the fertilising step of described base manure, organic of described Sargassum
The sowing amount of granulated fertilizer accounts for the 50-70% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described carbamide accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described urea phosphate accounts for the 50-70% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described potassium sulfate accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount；
The described sowing amount containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount.
Method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the fertilizing time of described budding fertilizer is 1-2 week before rudiment；
The fertilising step of described budding fertilizer includes applying budding fertilizer base fertilizer in the soil of described plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, to Cherry Grown
Foliage-spray budding fertilizer liquid fertilizer and to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi root drip irrigation Sargassum extract；
Wherein, described budding fertilizer base fertilizer is made up of described Sargassum organic granular fertilizer, carbamide, urea phosphate and potassium sulfate；
Described budding fertilizer liquid fertilizer is by boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer, containing magnesium liquid fertilizer, form containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid and calcic liquid fertilizer.
Method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: in the fertilising step of described budding fertilizer, described Sargassum is organic
The sowing amount of granular fertilizer accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described carbamide accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described urea phosphate accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described potassium sulfate accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount；
The described sowing amount containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described calcic liquid fertilizer accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount；
The described sowing amount containing magnesium liquid fertilizer is total sowing amount；
In described drip irrigation Sargassum extract step, the sowing amount of Sargassum extract accounts for the 40-60% of total sowing amount.
Method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the fertilizing time of described fruit-promoting fertilizer is for spending rear 1-2 week；
The fertilising step of described fruit-promoting fertilizer includes applying fruit-promoting fertilizer base fertilizer in the soil of described plantation Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, to Cherry Grown
Foliage-spray fruit-promoting fertilizer liquid fertilizer and to Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi root drip irrigation Sargassum extract；
Wherein, described fruit-promoting fertilizer base fertilizer is made up of carbamide and potassium sulfate；
Described fruit-promoting fertilizer liquid fertilizer is by boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer, form containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer and calcic liquid fertilizer.
Method the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: in the fertilising step of described fruit-promoting fertilizer, the sowing amount of carbamide
Account for the 30-50% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described potassium sulfate accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described boracic molybdenum liquid fertilizer accounts for the 20-40% of total sowing amount；
The described sowing amount containing Fe, Mn, Cu zinc liquid fertilizer accounts for the 30-50% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described calcic liquid fertilizer accounts for the 60-80% of total sowing amount；
The sowing amount of described Sargassum extract accounts for the 40-60% of total sowing amount.
10. according to described method arbitrary in claim 3-9, it is characterised in that: the method that applies of described base fertilizer is soil
Earth carries out ploughing deeply improves the soil and applies fertilizer after ditching；
In described ditching step, the furrow width 30-40cm dug, degree of depth 40cm, year by year outward expansion, until wholecircle is used instead after ploughing deeply
Ring-type fertilization method, in conjunction with loosening the soil, digs 10-20cm and applies；
The method that applies of described budding fertilizer base fertilizer and fruit-promoting fertilizer base fertilizer is in ring-type fertilising in place of tree trunk 80-100cm, digging
The degree of depth is 10-20cm；
Described Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi is large cherry.
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