CN105052333B - A kind of apricot soil testing and formulated fertilization method - Google Patents
A kind of apricot soil testing and formulated fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105052333B CN105052333B CN201510461048.7A CN201510461048A CN105052333B CN 105052333 B CN105052333 B CN 105052333B CN 201510461048 A CN201510461048 A CN 201510461048A CN 105052333 B CN105052333 B CN 105052333B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of apricot soil testing and formulated fertilization method, the described method comprises the following steps：1) soil nutrient detects：One mu of fruit tree in optional orchard, it is S-shaped in this mu of fruit tree to choose some fruit trees as sampling tree, some sampled points are circumferentially uniformly arranged at the tree crown drip of any sampling tree, fetched earth for two layers along soil depth point in any sampled point, after the identical layer soil sample mixing of all sampling trees sample is left and taken by quartering, elements in Soil content is detected, obtains test value；2) calculate and match somebody with somebody fertilizer amount；3) apply fertilizer：According to the result of calculation of step 3), with being applied fertilizer in three times after fertilizer.Compared with traditional fertilization method, the present invention is more accurately and reliably, simple and easy, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, saves fertilizer, increases soil fertility, improves fruit quality, reduces the soil pollution that improper fertilization is brought.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, in particular it relates to a kind of apricot soil testing and formulated fertilization method.
Background technology
At present, the fertilising of China's agricultural fertilizer, particularly apricot, the organic phenomenon of weight light inorganic is universal, and chemical fertilizer accounts for
More than half, and most farmers do not know about soil nutrient status and apricot regulation of fertilizer requirement, continue to use habits fertilization pattern, apply fertilizer
Amount, method is improper, causes loss of soil nutrient, unbalance, largely applies chemical fertilizer for a long time, bring and much be difficult to solve
The problem of, such as physiological disease exacerbation, biennial fruiting, fruit quality decline.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of apricot soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, this method fertilising is proper, does not cause soil to support
Shunting is lost, is unbalance, and fruit tree improves fruit quality without physiological disease.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of apricot soil testing and fertilizer recommendation method, the described method comprises the following steps：
1) soil nutrient detects：One mu of fruit tree in optional orchard, it is S-shaped in this mu of fruit tree to choose some fruit tree conducts
Sampling tree, in the tree crown drip of any sampling tree or using the distance away from trunk on tree crown upright projection radius as the 2/ of the radius
At 3, some sampled points are circumferentially uniformly arranged, are fetched earth for two layers along soil depth point in any sampled point, the phase of all sampling trees
Sample is left and taken by quartering after being mixed with layer soil sample, elements in Soil content is detected, obtains test value；
2) calculate and match somebody with somebody fertilizer amount：According to the result of test value, the calculating with fertilizer amount, unit thousand are carried out according to method of fertilization for target yield
Gram, formula is calculated as follows：
Mu nitrogen fertilizer application amount：(target output × fruit tree specific yield uptake-soil nutrient N test values × soil N nutrients
Correction coefficient) ÷ utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer；
Mu applies phosphate fertilizer amount：(target output × fruit tree specific yield uptake-soil nutrient P test values × P in soil nutrient
Correction coefficient) ÷ phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiencies；
Mu potassium application amount：(target output × fruit tree specific yield uptake-soil nutrient K test values × soil K nutrients
Correction coefficient) ÷ potassium utilization rates；
3) apply fertilizer：According to the result of calculation of step 3), with being applied fertilizer in three times after fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step 1), divide two layers along soil depth and fetch earth specially：Treelet phase 0-20cm, 20-60cm；
The best fruiting period 0-20cm, 20-80cm.
Preferably, in the step 3), with being applied fertilizer in three times specially after fertilizer：
Autumn basal dressing：Nitrogenous fertilizer 30%, phosphate fertilizer 40%, potash fertilizer 20%；
Spend rear top dressing：Nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, potash fertilizer 20%；
Bud potted flower phase top dressing：Nitrogenous fertilizer 20%, phosphate fertilizer 40%, potash fertilizer 60%.
When in the present invention with being applied fertilizer in three times after fertilizer, specific fertilizing method is, to radiate based on trench fertilising, ditch
Deep 20cm, fertilizer are sufficiently mixed with soil, are poured water after fertilising.
Sampled point avoids dressing furrow (cave), drip irrigation will avoid drip head away from dressing furrow (cave) 10-20cm or so in the present invention
Humid region.
It is of the invention to be had the following advantages that compared with traditional soil testing and formulated fertilization method：Consider the regional soil types of plantation,
The age of tree, the feature of cultivation management, it is determined that target output meet reality, according to target output and apricot regulation of fertilizer requirement, science is closed
Reason have adjusted N, P, K proportioning, coordinate soil nutrient ratio, meet demand of the apricot growth to nutrient, to greatest extent
The interaction of fertilizer has been played, has reached the purpose of increasing both production and income, apricot yield is higher by 200-400kg/ mus than before.The party
Method has carried out balance fertilizing to soil, will not cause loss of soil nutrient, keeps soil health.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the selection schematic diagram for sampling tree in the present invention in orchard；
Fig. 2 is the selection schematic diagram of sampling tree down-sampling point in the present invention.
Embodiment
With the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation below.
Embodiment 1
By taking Luntai loam best fruiting period flower bud differentiation period apricot as an example, cultivated area is 100 mu, and the fertilizing method of use includes
Following steps
1. soil nutrient detects：
(1) sampling selects typical orchard, and block area is 100 mu, is made a record in map sheet and application form, optional orchard
In one mu of fruit tree, it is S-shaped in this mu of fruit tree it is (as shown in Figure 1) choose some fruit trees and set as sampling, in any sampling tree
Tree crown drip at, be circumferentially uniformly arranged some sampled points (as shown in Figure 2), be divided to two along soil depth in any sampled point
Layer (0-20cm, 20-80cm) is fetched earth, and sample is left and taken by quartering after the identical layer soil sample mixing of all sampling trees；
(2) soil sample is dried in detection, is carried out pre-treatment, is detected, obtain test value.
The method for determining target output is：The target that the apricot garden can reach is determined according to the age of tree and the equal yield of first 5 years
Yield is 850kg/ mus, apricot specific yield uptake：Often produce 1000 kilograms of Apricot Fruits need absorb N 5.91kg,
P2O51.12kg、K2O 10.3kg (because this test value shows that K fertilizer does not have to be applied fertilizer, therefore subsequently match somebody with somebody when fertilizer amount calculates not
Carry out the calculating with fertilizer amount).
3. calculated with fertilizer amount：
(1) Soil nutrient Correlation coefficient：According to field test material computation, when yield level reaches 700-1000kg/ mus,
N attainment divides soil correction coefficient to be that 0.05582, P attainment divides soil correction coefficient to be 0.0238.
(2) utilization rate of fertilizer:According to field test material computation, soil fertility reaches in moderate condition, yield level
During to 700-1000kg/ mus, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is 18.5% or so, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency 9.2%.
(3) soil nutrients variability value：N=67.9；P=11.06；
(4) N applied=(nutrients uptake amounts-soil nurtient supply quantity) ÷ utilization rate of fertilizer=(target output × fruit tree list
Position yield uptake-soil nutrient N test values × soil N nutrient rectified coefficient of the soil) ÷ utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(5.91 × 0.85-
67.9 × 0.05582) ÷ 0.185=6.7kg/ mus；
Apply P2O5Amount=(nutrients uptake amounts-soil nurtient supply quantity) ÷ utilization rate of fertilizer=(target output × fruit tree is single
Position yield uptake-soil nutrient P test values × P in soil nutrient rectified coefficient of the soil) ÷ phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiencies=(1.12 × 0.85-
11.06 × 0.0238) ÷ 0.092=7.5kg/ mus.
4. fertilising：
According to apricot nutritional need rule, biological characteristics, the soil texture, produce reality, determine apricot in loam condition
Under fertilizing time be 3, i.e., autumn basal dressing, spend rear top dressing and flower bud differentiation period top dressing.NPK fertilizer each period distribution such as
Table 1：
Distribution of the table 1NPK fertilizer in each fertilizer application period
| Fertilising is with sequence | Fertilising | Nitrogenous fertilizer | Phosphate fertilizer | Potash fertilizer |
| 1 | Base manure | 30% | 40% | 20% |
| 2 | Spend rear top dressing | 50% | 20% | 20% |
| 3 | Bud potted flower phase top dressing | 20% | 40% | 60% |
The dose in Different Fertilization period is drawn according to upper table：
Base manure N=6.7 × 30%=2.01kg/ mus；
N fertilizer=6.7 × 50%=3.35kg/ mus are chased after after spending；
The bud potted flower phase chases after N fertilizer=6.7 × 20%=1.34kg/ mus；
Base manure P2O5=7.5 × 40%=3kg/ mus；
P is chased after after spending2O5Fertilizer=6.7 × 20%=1.5kg/ mus；
The bud potted flower phase chases after P2O5Fertilizer=6.7 × 40%=3kg/ mus.
Using the fertilizing method of the present invention, yield has obvious increase compared with traditional fertilizing method, is higher by than before
200-400kg/ mus.
It should be noted last that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted.Although ginseng
The present invention is described in detail according to embodiment, it will be apparent to an ordinarily skilled person in the art that the technical side to the present invention
Case is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover in the present invention
Right among.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of apricot soil testing and formulated fertilization method, the described method comprises the following steps：
1) soil nutrient detects：One mu of fruit tree in optional orchard, it is S-shaped in this mu of fruit tree to choose some fruit trees as sampling
Tree, some sampled points are circumferentially uniformly arranged at the tree crown drip of any sampling tree, in any sampled point along soil depth
Divide two layers and fetch earth, sample is left and taken by quartering after the identical layer soil samples mixing of all sampling trees, detection elements in Soil contains
Amount, obtains test value；
2) calculate and match somebody with somebody fertilizer amount：According to the result of test value, the calculating with fertilizer amount is carried out according to method of fertilization for target yield, unit for kilogram,
Formula is calculated as follows：
Mu nitrogen fertilizer application amount：(target output × fruit tree specific yield uptake-soil nutrient N test values × soil N nutrients correction
Coefficient) ÷ utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer；
Mu applies phosphate fertilizer amount：(target output × fruit tree specific yield uptake-soil nutrient P test values × P in soil nutrient correction
Coefficient) ÷ phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiencies；
Mu potassium application amount：(target output × fruit tree specific yield uptake-soil nutrient K test values × soil K nutrients correction
Coefficient) ÷ potassium utilization rates；
3) apply fertilizer：According to the result of calculation of step 3), with being applied fertilizer in three times after fertilizer；
In the step 1), divide two layers along soil depth and fetch earth specially：Treelet phase 0-20cm, 20-60cm；Best fruiting period 0-
20cm、20-80cm；
In the step 3), with being applied fertilizer in three times specially after fertilizer：
Autumn basal dressing：Nitrogenous fertilizer 30%, phosphate fertilizer 40%, potash fertilizer 20%；
Spend rear top dressing：Nitrogenous fertilizer 50%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, potash fertilizer 20%；
Bud potted flower phase top dressing：Nitrogenous fertilizer 20%, phosphate fertilizer 40%, potash fertilizer 60%.
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| CN201510461048.7A CN105052333B (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2015-07-29 | A kind of apricot soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
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| CN105052333A CN105052333A (en) | 2015-11-18 |
| CN105052333B true CN105052333B (en) | 2018-02-13 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105917831A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-07 | 吴敏 | Apricot tree periodic fertilizing method for promoting high yield and high-quality fruits |
| CN105961111A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-28 | 吴敏 | Peach periodic fertilizing method promoting high yield and high-quality peach fruit |
| CN106550641A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-04-05 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Fructus Lycii soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
| CN106717410B (en) * | 2016-11-26 | 2019-10-22 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Emperor XianFeng's white atractylodes rhizome dispensing fertilizing method |
| CN107027489A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-11 | 甘肃亚盛田园牧歌草业集团有限责任公司 | A kind of alfalfa soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
| CN109348807A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-19 | 仲恺农业工程学院 | Applying fruit trees with fertilizer method |
| CN109983899A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-07-09 | 合肥工业大学 | Fertile method is matched in personalization based on soil fertility detection |
| CN115529908A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-30 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | Method for accurately determining fertilizing amount of fruit trees |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101341841A (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2009-01-14 | 招远市农业技术推广中心 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple |
| CN104782298A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-07-22 | 韦江南 | Method of formula fertilization of Chinese chestnut after soil testing |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101523436B1 (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-05-27 | 조덕성 | Yulgok plum tree propagation method and the method consisting of lush plum tree seedlings Yulgok |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101341841A (en) * | 2008-08-18 | 2009-01-14 | 招远市农业技术推广中心 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method for apple |
| CN104782298A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-07-22 | 韦江南 | Method of formula fertilization of Chinese chestnut after soil testing |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 杏树测土配方施肥技术;李建强;《新疆农业科技》;20110630(第3期);第55页 * |
| 测土配方施肥技术规范;soulcq;《http://www.docin.com/p-2241948.html》;20081029;第1-32页 * |
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