CN112219518A - Soil testing and formulated fertilization method - Google Patents
Soil testing and formulated fertilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219518A CN112219518A CN202011018360.6A CN202011018360A CN112219518A CN 112219518 A CN112219518 A CN 112219518A CN 202011018360 A CN202011018360 A CN 202011018360A CN 112219518 A CN112219518 A CN 112219518A
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- soil
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- fertilization
- soil sample
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fertilizing a soil testing formula, wherein before sampling, a fertilizing area of the soil testing formula is divided into a plurality of sampling units, and the units are used for collecting soil samples and carrying out air drying treatment; crushing and rolling the collected soil sample, and then screening, wherein the pH value, the salinity, the exchange performance, the available nutrient items and the organic matter, total nitrogen and calcium carbonate items can be measured; inputting the sampling information record and the measured data value information into a microcomputer, and establishing a database; selecting the fertilizer ratio and the fertilizing amount of the sampling unit area by a nutrient balance method according to the crop fertilizer demand, the soil fertilizer supply amount and the current season utilization rate of different fertilizers in the sampling unit area; and determining the fertilization period and the proportion of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer in the total fertilization amount according to the law of the sampling unit regional tillage system. By adopting the technical scheme, the fertilizer is saved, the soil fertility is increased, the soil pollution caused by improper fertilization is reduced, and the soil health is maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil testing formulas, in particular to a soil testing formula fertilization method.
Background
The soil testing formula fertilization is based on soil testing and fertilizer field experiments, and provides the application amount, the fertilization period and the application method of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements and the like on the basis of reasonable application of organic fertilizers according to the fertilizer requirement rule of crops, the fertilizer supply performance of soil and the fertilizer effect. Generally speaking, the formulated fertilizer is scientifically applied under the guidance of relevant agricultural basic theories. The core of the soil testing and formulated fertilization technology is to adjust and solve the contradiction between the fertilizer requirement of crops and the fertilizer supply of soil. Meanwhile, nutrient elements needed by crops are supplemented in a targeted manner, so that balanced supply of various nutrients is realized, and the requirements of the crops are met; the purposes of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reducing the using amount, improving the crop yield, improving the quality of agricultural products, saving labor, saving expenses and increasing income are achieved. The conventional soil testing and formulated fertilization method needs to prove the fertilizer utilization rate through a fertilization test, prove the soil nutrient utilization rate through a nutrient deficiency test, guide field fertilization practice by using data of a small test land and guide fertilization practice in the next year by using test data of the current year. The conventional soil testing and formulated fertilization method is suitable for field crops with large cultivation area, relatively fixed stubble and uniform field fertility of single crops, and is widely popularized in crops such as rice, wheat and the like.
The existing soil testing formula fertilization is limited in application, local soil is seriously hardened due to excessive application of chemical fertilizers, the environment is polluted, and the utilization rate of the fertilizers is low, so that a soil testing formula fertilization method is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention discloses a method for soil testing and formulated fertilization.
The invention discloses a soil testing and formulated fertilization method, which comprises the following specific steps: A. dividing the fertilizing area of the soil testing formula into a plurality of sampling units before sampling, ensuring enough sampling points in each sampling unit area during sampling to represent the soil characteristics of the sampling units, specifically completing sampling through a sampler tool, naturally airing and storing the collected soil after sampling, disturbing the soil sample in the airing process, kneading large soil blocks to accelerate drying, and simultaneously removing impurities except the soil sample;
B. crushing and rolling the collected soil sample, sieving the soil sample particles by using a sieve with the aperture of 3mm, and measuring the pH value, the salinity, the exchange performance and the effective nutrient items of the soil sample sieved by using the sieve with the aperture of 3 mm;
C. crushing and rolling the soil sample which is sieved by the sieve with the aperture of 3mm again, sieving the particles of the soil sample by the sieve with the aperture of 0.3mm, and measuring organic matters, total nitrogen and calcium carbonate items of the soil sample which is sieved by the sieve with the aperture of 0.3 mm;
D. inputting the sampling information record and the measured data value information into a microcomputer, and establishing a database;
E. selecting the fertilizer ratio and the fertilizing amount of the sampling unit area by a nutrient balance method according to the crop fertilizer demand, the soil fertilizer supply amount and the current season utilization rate of different fertilizers in the sampling unit area;
F. and determining the fertilization period and the proportion of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer in the total fertilization amount according to the law of the sampling unit regional tillage system.
Preferably, in each sampling unit area in the step (A), the soil sample is collected for measuring inorganic nitrogen 1 time per season or per year, and the soil sample is collected for measuring available phosphorus and available potassium 1 time for 2-3 years.
Preferably, the number of the sampling points in the step (A) depends on the size of the sampling unit and the consistency of soil fertility, and the number of the sampling points in the unit is 7-20.
Preferably, the sampling depth in the step (A) is 0-20 cm.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in step (F) is an organic base fertilizer of livestock manure and straw fermentation products.
Preferably, the top dressing amount in the step (F) is determined by the use amount of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and the calculation formula of the required single top dressing is as follows: (the required fertilizing amount is divided by the effective amount of the element fertilizer). times.100-the single fertilizing amount.
The beneficial effects are that: the unit layout is reasonable in sampling, the soil determination element components are representative, comparison and additional fertilization can be conveniently carried out, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by the soil determination formula fertilization method; and the fertilizer is saved, the soil fertility is increased, the soil pollution caused by improper fertilization is reduced, and the soil health is maintained.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a soil testing and formulated fertilization method, which comprises the following specific steps: A. dividing the fertilizing area of the soil testing formula into a plurality of sampling units before sampling, ensuring enough sampling points in each sampling unit area during sampling to represent the soil characteristics of the sampling units, specifically completing sampling through a sampler tool, naturally airing and storing the collected soil after sampling, disturbing the soil sample in the airing process, kneading large soil blocks to accelerate drying, and simultaneously removing impurities except the soil sample;
B. crushing and rolling the collected soil sample, sieving the soil sample particles by using a sieve with the aperture of 3mm, and measuring the pH value, the salinity, the exchange performance and the effective nutrient items of the soil sample sieved by using the sieve with the aperture of 3 mm;
C. crushing and rolling the soil sample which is sieved by the sieve with the aperture of 3mm again, sieving the particles of the soil sample by the sieve with the aperture of 0.3mm, and measuring organic matters, total nitrogen and calcium carbonate items of the soil sample which is sieved by the sieve with the aperture of 0.3 mm;
D. inputting the sampling information record and the measured data value information into a microcomputer, and establishing a database;
E. selecting the fertilizer ratio and the fertilizing amount of the sampling unit area by a nutrient balance method according to the crop fertilizer demand, the soil fertilizer supply amount and the current season utilization rate of different fertilizers in the sampling unit area;
F. and determining the fertilization period and the proportion of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer in the total fertilization amount according to the law of the sampling unit regional tillage system.
In each sampling unit area in the step (A), the inorganic nitrogen in the soil sample is measured and collected 1 time per season or per year, and the available phosphorus and the available potassium in the soil sample are measured and collected 1 time in 2-3 years.
The number of the sampling points in the step (A) depends on the size of the sampling unit and the consistency of soil fertility, and the number of the sampling points in the unit is 7-20.
The sampling depth in the step (A) is 0-20 cm.
And (F) the base fertilizer is organic base fertilizer of livestock manure and straw fermentation substances.
The top dressing amount in the step (F) is to measure the use amounts of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and the calculation formula of the required single top dressing is as follows: (the required fertilizing amount is divided by the effective amount of the element fertilizer). times.100-the single fertilizing amount.
Wherein, for example, 9 kg of pure nitrogen, 5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 6 kg of potassium oxide are needed in each mu of farmland.
The amount of the additional fertilizer urea is (9 ÷ 46) × 100 ═ 19.6 kg; the nitrogen content in the urea is 46 percent.
The amount of the calcium superphosphate for additional fertilizer is (5/12) multiplied by 100 which is 41.7 kg; the proportion of phosphorus pentoxide in the calcium superphosphate is 12-18%.
The amount of the additional fertilizer potassium sulfate is (6/50) multiplied by 100 ═ 12 kg; the potassium sulfate contains 50% of potassium oxide.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; thus, while the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A soil testing and formulated fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps: A. dividing the fertilizing area of the soil testing formula into a plurality of sampling units before sampling, ensuring enough sampling points in each sampling unit area during sampling to represent the soil characteristics of the sampling units, specifically completing sampling through a sampler tool, naturally airing and storing the collected soil after sampling, disturbing the soil sample in the airing process, kneading large soil blocks to accelerate drying, and simultaneously removing impurities except the soil sample;
B. crushing and rolling the collected soil sample, sieving the soil sample particles by using a sieve with the aperture of 3mm, and measuring the pH value, the salinity, the exchange performance and the effective nutrient items of the soil sample sieved by using the sieve with the aperture of 3 mm;
C. crushing and rolling the soil sample which is sieved by the sieve with the aperture of 3mm again, sieving the particles of the soil sample by the sieve with the aperture of 0.3mm, and measuring organic matters, total nitrogen and calcium carbonate items of the soil sample which is sieved by the sieve with the aperture of 0.3 mm;
D. inputting the sampling information record and the measured data value information into a microcomputer, and establishing a database;
E. selecting the fertilizer ratio and the fertilizing amount of the sampling unit area by a nutrient balance method according to the crop fertilizer demand, the soil fertilizer supply amount and the current season utilization rate of different fertilizers in the sampling unit area;
F. and determining the fertilization period and the proportion of the base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer in the total fertilization amount according to the law of the sampling unit regional tillage system.
2. The method of claim 1 for soil testing formulated fertilization, wherein: in each sampling unit area in the step (A), the inorganic nitrogen in the soil sample is measured and collected 1 time per season or per year, and the available phosphorus and the available potassium in the soil sample are measured and collected 1 time in 2-3 years.
3. The method of claim 1 for soil testing formulated fertilization, wherein: the number of the sampling points in the step (A) depends on the size of the sampling unit and the consistency of soil fertility, and the number of the sampling points in the unit is 7-20.
4. The method of claim 1 for soil testing formulated fertilization, wherein: the sampling depth in the step (A) is 0-20 cm.
5. The method of claim 1 for soil testing formulated fertilization, wherein: and (F) the base fertilizer is organic base fertilizer of livestock manure and straw fermentation substances.
6. The method of claim 1 for soil testing formulated fertilization, wherein: the top dressing amount in the step (F) is to measure the use amounts of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and the calculation formula of the required single top dressing is as follows: (the required fertilizing amount is divided by the effective amount of the element fertilizer). times.100-the single fertilizing amount.
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| CN202011018360.6A CN112219518A (en) | 2020-09-24 | 2020-09-24 | Soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113671154A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 武汉禾大科技有限公司 | Soil testing formula system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186089A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-10 | 扬州大学 | Method for soil testing and formulated fertilization of tomatoes |
| CN107027403A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-11 | 吉林慧谷生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
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- 2020-09-24 CN CN202011018360.6A patent/CN112219518A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186089A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-10 | 扬州大学 | Method for soil testing and formulated fertilization of tomatoes |
| CN107027403A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2017-08-11 | 吉林慧谷生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of soil testing and formulated fertilization method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113671154A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-19 | 武汉禾大科技有限公司 | Soil testing formula system |
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Application publication date: 20210115 |