CN109699368A - A kind of soil management method improving golden jujube quality - Google Patents
A kind of soil management method improving golden jujube quality Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil management methods for improving golden jujube quality, it is related to cultivation of fruit tree and soil fertilizer field, the invention is specific to formulate recommended rate of fertilizer application and rationally progress jujube garden soil management by carrying out assay to jujube garden soil basal status: including 1, fruit expanding period top dressing；2, soil deep tillage is applied fertilizer before the winter；3, row is interior to carry out improving straw mulching；4, the comprehensive soil management method such as single plant load capacity adjusting is finally reached and improves golden jujube quality.The present invention can significantly improve golden jujube quality, solve the agricultural technology problem that orchard worker caused by golden jujube high yield, low-quality is of poor benefits in production in recent years.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivations of fruit tree and soil fertilizer field, and the present invention relates to a kind of soil for improving golden jujube quality
Management method.
Background technique
Golden jujube originates in China, be China show unique characteristics advantage important fruit tree and the first big dry fruit tree variety, while
It is to have one of to cultivate apple trees more than the most ancient of culture and utility history in 7000.Since the eighties in last century, in cultivation skill
Reopening first, heavy nitrogen application, pole heavy pinching, large dosage are used for multiple times growth regulator and are largely prevented using chemical pesticide in terms of art
Control the new technical measures such as disease pest and weed.These technical measures obtain remarkable effect in terms of increasing fruit, improving yield, but same
When result in the appearance of some new problems.Due to excessive applied nitrogen, formula operation is excessively devoted exclusive attention to output and robbed, tree vigo(u)r is caused to decline
Phenomenon that weak, dehiscent fruit and contracting fruit etc. adopt preceding fruit disease exacerbation, high yield is not had a good harvest is increasingly frequent, fruit quality is decreased obviously, jujube fruit
The unprecedented challenge of security facing.Therefore inventor is according to the unique growth stage division of golden jujube, and uses for reference state
Advanced technology in inside and outside production of fruit trees has been invented with safety, high-quality and efficiently for a kind of raising golden jujube quality of target
Soil management method.Safety therein and the high-quality production skill for aiming to solve the problem that golden jujube is of poor benefits because of orchard worker caused by low-quality
The bottleneck problem of art.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of soil management method for improving golden jujube quality, this method is suitable for spun gold
Small jujube main producing region, can significantly improve golden jujube quality.In order to achieve the above objectives, present invention employs following technical sides
Case, a kind of soil management method improving golden jujube quality, the soil management method mainly include the following steps.
1. a kind of soil management method for improving golden jujube quality, the cultivation matrix optimization method includes following step
It is rapid: 1) to formulate the jujube garden nutrition grade scale for instructing golden jujube to apply fertilizer, select fruit quality, yield difference etc. in recent years
The standard jujube garden in the best fruiting period of grade, it is Bu Tong native to jujube garden soil 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm respectively in fruit expanding period
The soil of layer carries out sampling and is chemically examined, and formulates trophic level, according to the jujube garden soil nutrient grade scale that formulation is measured by sampling
Are as follows: nitrogen, phosphorus, three element low value of potassium, standard, high level, excessive content threshold value are respectively alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen < 35.25g/kg, 35.25g/
Kg-56.85g/kg, 56.85g/kg-66.95g/kg, > 66.95g/kg；Quick-acting P elements low values, standard, high level and excessive
Content range is respectively < 2.56g/kg, 2.56g/kg-4.95g/kg, 4.95g/kg-5.97g/kg, > 5.97g/kg；It is quick-acting
Potassium element low value, standard value, high level, excessive content range be respectively < 55.35g/kg, 55.35g/kg-77.15g/kg,
77.15g/kg-135.65g/kg, > 135.65g/kg；Above-mentioned orchard soil nutrition grade scale is for instructing jujube garden soil pipe
The amount of application of the quick-acting chemical fertilizer of N P and K in reason method.
2) soil deep tillage applies base manure before winter, selects before the winter fruit harvesting to before freeze-up, in jujube garden in the ranks or between strain,
Selection trench digging at fruit tree 0.8m-1.0m ploughs deeply 50cm, width 40cm；The soil dug out backfills after mixing with base manure；Autumn
Basal dressing includes organic fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer and microbial-bacterial fertilizer；Wherein, organic commercial fertilizer 16kg/
Strain；The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer amount of application that nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium are respectively 15% is 1.0kg/ plants；Comprising calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, copper,
Middle trace element fertilizer .025kg/ plants of molybdenum microelement；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer amount of application is 1.5kg/ plants；Fertilizing in autumn is in the ranks to apply
Applying fertilizer based on fertilizer, between strain 3 years, it is primary to carry out.
3) young fruit period root top dressing, the mid-July of Growing season carry out 1 root top dressing, Shi Liang: 0.25kg/ plants of urea,
0.15kg/ plants of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.1kg/ plants of potassium sulfate, root soil fertilising is carried out using ring tree disk perforated method.
4) fruit expanding period top dressing, according to the soil test result in 1) to jujube garden soil carry out battalion's classification as a result, come
Determine the topdressing amount of each nutrient of N P and K of the fruit expanding period of fertilising jujube garden: the fruit expanding period of mid-August is chased after
Fertilizer, when alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is in low value, standard, high level, excessive content threshold value sowing amount be respectively as follows: 0.30kg/ plants of urea,
0.20kg/ plants, 0kg/ plants, 0kg/ plants；When rapid available phosphorus is in low value, standard, high level, excessive content threshold value, sowing amount is distinguished
It is 0.20kg/ plants, 0.15kg/ plants, 0.10kg/ plants, 0 kg/ plants of application of phosphoric acid diammonium；When available potassium is in low value, standard, height
0.25kg/ plants, 0.20kg/ plants, 0.15kg/ plants, 0.10kg/ plants of potassium sulfate are applied when value, excessive content threshold value；In addition, also needing
Foliage dressing 1-2 times of 0.3% urea corresponding with fertility and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is carried out, can ensure tree body
Nutrition supply.
5) adjusting of unit area load capacity passes through reasonable flower and fruit thinning skill for the fruit quality for ensuring golden jujube
The yield that art controls jujube garden is 750kg/ mus -950kg/ mus, is the good load capacity range of guaranteed quality most jujube garden.
2. orchard ground cover, including the following contents:
1) orchard ground cover uses natural grass, is 80cm-120cm to retain width at line space jujube tree 55cm-70cm
Wide natural grass band retains in primary herbaceous community the short weeds that individual is small, height is low, entire Growing season in spring
It saves the prosperous growth weeds that per half a month carries out 1 time to natural grass band to remove, then full growing season carries out entire natural grass band 4-6 times
It cradles；Every 3-4 once turns over entire natural grass band.
2) the sward type that natural grass band can retain includes herba setariae viridis, herba eleusines indicae, amur foxtail, dandelion, herba digitariae, shepherd's purse
Dish, purslane, sheep's hay, Chenopodium album, Armstrong, clover, Commeline communis, Asiatic plantain, field thistle.
3) it includes oak-leaved goosefeet, three-coloured amaranth, yellow punt-pole that natural grass band in orchard, which needs the tall and big weeds removed,.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: Cangzhou Xian County township Lei Tou selects the age of tree 8 years raw typical jujube gardens in Cangzhou Xian County township Lei Tou, after measured
The jujube garden soil fertility belongs to standard level, using jujube garden soil management method of the present invention, specific management technology method and
Fruit quality is influenced as follows:
1. autumn soil deep tillage and autumn basal dressing
1) in Cangzhou Xian County township Lei Tou, 8 years raw jujube gardens of the age of tree are selected, in jujube garden in the ranks or between strain, are selected apart from fruit
Trench digging ploughs deeply 50cm, width 40cm at tree 0.8m-1.0m；The soil dug out backfills after mixing with base manure；Autumn basal dressing includes
Organic fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer and microbial-bacterial fertilizer；Wherein, organic commercial fertilizer 16kg/ plants；Nitrogenous, phosphorus,
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer amount of application that potassium is respectively 15% is 1.0kg/ plants；Include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum microelement
Middle trace element fertilizer .025kg/ plants；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer amount of application is 1.5kg/ plants；Autumn in the ranks applies fertilizer.
2) young fruit period root top dressing, the mid-July of Growing season carry out 1 root top dressing, Shi Liang: 0.25kg/ plants of urea,
0.15kg/ plants of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.1kg/ plants of potassium sulfate, root soil fertilising is carried out using ring tree disk perforated method.
3) fruit expanding period top dressing, according to soil test result, the jujube garden soil fertility belongs to standard level, determines fertilising jujube
The topdressing amount of each nutrient of the N P and K of the fruit expanding period in garden are as follows: the fruit expanding period of mid-August carries out top dressing, urea
0.20kg/ plants；0.15kg/ plants of rapid available phosphorus application of phosphoric acid diammonium；0.20kg/ plants of available potassium standard.In addition foliage dressing 0.3% is urinated
1 time of element and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
4) adjusting of unit area load capacity passes through reasonable flower and fruit thinning skill for the fruit quality for ensuring golden jujube
The yield that art controls jujube garden is 850kg/ mus, to ensure jujube fruit matter.
2. orchard ground cover:
1) orchard ground cover uses natural grass, to retain the natural grass that width is 90cm wide at line space jujube tree 70cm
Band retains in primary herbaceous community the short weeds that individual is small, height is low in spring, and the entire season of growth per half a month is to certainly
Right sward is removed with the prosperous growth weeds for carrying out 1 time, then full growing season cradle for 4 times to entire natural grass band.
2) natural grass band is remained including herba setariae viridis, herba eleusines indicae, amur foxtail, dandelion, herba digitariae, shepherd's purse, purslane, sheep
Grass, three-coloured amaranth, Armstrong, clover, Asiatic plantain.
3) natural grass band in orchard needs to eliminate tall and big weeds oak-leaved goosefeet, yellow punt-pole.
3. jujube garden yield and fruit quality measurement
While carrying out jujube garden determination of yield, the measurement of fruit quality index is carried out.The result shows that jujube garden yield is
825kg/ mus, mean fruit weight 8.7g, Vc content is 237.8mg/100g, and total sugar content 23.5%, titrable acidity is
0.31%, soluble solid 38.9%.And common cultural method, jujube garden are used with adjacent jujube garden similar in the annual age of tree
Yield is 909kg/ mus, and mean fruit weight 7.33g, Vc content is 215.8mg/100g, and total sugar content 18.68% can drip
Determining acidity is 0.28%, soluble solid 27.63%.Variance analysis shows two kinds of jujube garden cultivation matrix optimization methods
There is significant difference (p=0.05) in terms of Vc content, total sugar content, soluble solid in greenhouse winter jujube.From fruit quality
It is excellent relative to common cultivation matrix using the golden jujube fruit quality of orchard soil management method of the present invention from the point of view of index
The golden jujube fruit quality of change method has significant raising.
Embodiment 2: the Cang County township Cui Erzhuan
The Cang County township Cui Erzhuan select the age of tree 12 years raw typical jujube gardens, using jujube garden soil management method of the present invention into
The soil management of row golden jujube jujube garden, the jujube garden soil fertility belongs to low value grade after measured, specific management technology method and right
Golden jujube fruit quality influences as follows:
1. autumn soil deep tillage and autumn basal dressing
1) in the Cang County township Cui Erzhuan, 12 years raw jujube gardens of the age of tree are selected, in jujube garden in the ranks or between strain, are selected apart from fruit tree
Trench digging ploughs deeply 50cm, width 40cm at 0.8m-1.0m；The soil dug out backfills after mixing with base manure；Autumn basal dressing includes
Machine fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer and microbial-bacterial fertilizer；Wherein, organic commercial fertilizer 16kg/ plants；Nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium
Respectively 15% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer amount of application is 1.0kg/ plants；Comprising in calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum microelement
.025kg/ plants of trace element fertilizer；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer amount of application is 1.5kg/ plants；Autumn in the ranks applies fertilizer.
2) young fruit period root top dressing, the mid-July of Growing season carry out 1 root top dressing, Shi Liang: 0.25kg/ plants of urea,
0.15kg/ plants of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.1kg/ plants of potassium sulfate, root soil fertilising is carried out using ring tree disk perforated method.
3) fruit expanding period top dressing, according to soil test result, the jujube garden soil fertility belongs to low value grade, determines fertilising jujube
The topdressing amount of each nutrient of the N P and K of the fruit expanding period in garden are as follows: the fruit expanding period of mid-August carries out top dressing, urea
0.30kg/ plants；0.20kg/ plants of rapid available phosphorus application of phosphoric acid diammonium；0.25kg/ plants of available potassium standard.In addition foliage dressing 0.3% is urinated
2 times of element and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
4) adjusting of unit area load capacity passes through reasonable flower and fruit thinning skill for the fruit quality for ensuring golden jujube
The yield that art controls jujube garden is 800kg/ mus, to ensure jujube fruit matter.
2. orchard ground cover:
1) orchard ground cover uses natural grass, to retain the natural grass that width is 80cm wide at line space jujube tree 60cm
Band retains in primary herbaceous community the short weeds that individual is small, height is low in spring, and the entire season of growth per half a month is to certainly
Right sward is removed with the prosperous growth weeds for carrying out 1 time, then full growing season cradle for 4 times to entire natural grass band.
2) natural grass band is remained including herba setariae viridis, amur foxtail, dandelion, herba digitariae, shepherd's purse, purslane, sheep's hay, flat
Storage, clover, Asiatic plantain.
3) natural grass band in orchard needs to eliminate tall and big weeds oak-leaved goosefeet, three-coloured amaranth, yellow punt-pole.
3. jujube garden yield and fruit quality measurement
While carrying out jujube garden determination of yield, the measurement of fruit quality index is carried out.The result shows that jujube garden yield is
805kg/ mus, mean fruit weight 8.9g, Vc content is 235.6mg/100g, and total sugar content 24.5%, titrable acidity is
0.32%, soluble solid 37.6.7%.And common cultural method, jujube are used with adjacent jujube garden similar in the annual age of tree
Garden yield is 909kg/ mus, and mean fruit weight 7.13g, Vc content is 218.8mg/100g, and total sugar content 18.68% can
Titratable acidity is 0.28%, soluble solid 28.50%.Variance analysis shows two kinds of jujube garden cultivation matrix optimization methods
Greenhouse winter jujube there is significant difference (p=0.05) in terms of Vc content, total sugar content, soluble solid.From fruit product
From the point of view of matter index, using the golden jujube fruit quality of orchard soil management method of the present invention relative to common cultivation matrix
The golden jujube fruit quality of optimization method has significant raising.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, it will be apparent to an ordinarily skilled person in the art that technical side of the invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of soil management method for improving golden jujube quality, the cultivation matrix optimization method include the following steps:
1) formulate for instruct ' dawn 5 ' golden jujube fertilising jujube garden nutrition grade scale, selection in recent years fruit quality,
The standard jujube garden in the yield different grades of best fruiting period, in fruit expanding period respectively to jujube garden soil 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-
The soil of 60cm different soil carries out sampling and is chemically examined, and formulates trophic level, seeks according to the jujube garden soil formulated is measured by sampling
Nutrient grade standard are as follows: nitrogen, phosphorus, three element low value of potassium, standard, high level, excessive content threshold value are respectively alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen < 35.25g/
Kg, 35.25g/kg-56.85g/kg, 56.85g/kg-66.95g/kg, > 66.95g/kg；Quick-acting P elements low values, standard, height
Value and excessive content range are respectively < 2.56g/kg, 2.56g/kg-4.95g/kg, 4.95g/kg-5.97g/kg, >
5.97g/kg；Quick-acting potassium element low values, standard value, high level, excessive content range are respectively < 55.35g/kg, 55.35g/
Kg-77.15g/kg, 77.15g/kg-135.65g/kg, > 135.65g/kg；Above-mentioned orchard soil nutrition grade scale is for referring to
Lead the amount of application of the quick-acting chemical fertilizer of N P and K in jujube garden soil management method；
2) soil deep tillage applies base manure before winter, selects before the winter fruit harvesting to before freeze-up, in jujube garden in the ranks or between strain, selection away from
Trench digging ploughs deeply 50cm, width 40cm at separating fruit tree 0.8m-1.0m；The soil dug out backfills after mixing with base manure；Autumn basal dressing
Including organic fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer and microbial-bacterial fertilizer；Wherein, organic commercial fertilizer 16kg/ plants；Nitrogenous,
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer amount of application that phosphorus, potassium are respectively 15% is 1.0kg/ plants；Include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, copper, the micro member of molybdenum
Middle trace element fertilizer .025kg/ plants of element；Microbial-bacterial fertilizer amount of application is 1.5kg/ plants；Fertilizing in autumn based in the ranks applying fertilizer,
Applying fertilizer between strain 3 years, it is primary to carry out；
3) young fruit period root top dressing, the mid-July of Growing season carry out 1 root top dressing, Shi Liang: 0.25kg/ plants of urea, phosphoric acid
0.15kg/ plants of diammonium, 0.1kg/ plants of potassium sulfate, root soil fertilising is carried out using ring tree disk perforated method；
4) fruit expanding period top dressing, according to the soil test result in 1) to jujube garden soil carry out battalion's classification as a result, to determine
The topdressing amount of each nutrient of N P and K of the fruit expanding period for jujube garden of applying fertilizer: the fruit expanding period of mid-August carries out top dressing, when
Sowing amount is respectively as follows: 0.30kg/ plants of urea, 0.20kg/ when alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is in low value, standard, high level, excessive content threshold value
Strain, 0kg/ plants, 0kg/ plants；When rapid available phosphorus is in low value, standard, high level, excessive content threshold value, sowing amount is respectively to apply
0.20kg/ plants, 0.15kg/ plants, 0.10kg/ plants, 0 kg/ plants of Diammonium phosphate (DAP)；When available potassium is in low value, standard, high level, excess
Content threshold value when apply 0.25kg/ plants, 0.20kg/ plants, 0.15kg/ plants, 0.10kg/ plants of potassium sulfate；In addition, it is also necessary to carry out with
Foliage dressing 1-2 times of corresponding 0.3% urea of fertility and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, can ensure the nutrition supply of tree body
Amount；
5) adjusting of unit area load capacity passes through reasonable flower and fruit thinning technique control for the fruit quality for ensuring golden jujube
The yield of jujube garden processed is 750kg/ mus -950kg/ mus, is the good load capacity range of guaranteed quality most jujube garden.
2. a kind of soil management method for improving golden jujube quality according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the jujube
Orchard Soil management method further includes orchard ground cover and improving straw mulching；Orchard ground cover uses natural grass, in line space jujube tree
Retain the natural grass band that width is 80cm-120cm wide at 55cm-70cm, retains in spring a in primary herbaceous community
The short weeds that body is small, height is low, the prosperous growth weeds that the entire season of growth per half a month carries out 1 time to natural grass band are removed, then
Full growing season cradle for 4-6 times to entire natural grass band；Every 3-4 once turns over entire natural grass band.
3. it is according to claim 2 it is a kind of improve golden jujube quality soil management method, which is characterized in that it is described from
Right sward band sward type includes herba setariae viridis, herba eleusines indicae, amur foxtail, dandelion, herba digitariae, shepherd's purse, purslane, sheep's hay, Chenopodium album, amaranth
Dish, Armstrong, clover, Commeline communis, Asiatic plantain, field thistle.
4. a kind of soil management method for improving golden jujube quality according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the height
Big weeds include oak-leaved goosefeet, yellow punt-pole.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111961632A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-11-20 | 沧州市农林科学院 | Complex microbial inoculant for increasing total sugar content of golden-silk jujube and preparation method thereof |
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