CN110436980A - A kind of Queensland nut special complex fertilizer and its set meal fertilizer and fertilizing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts and its set fertilizer and fertilization method. The compound fertilizer comprises N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O component, and the total nutrient content of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O is 36.6‑43%. The set fertilizer includes pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruiting fertilizer and oil-accumulated fertilizer, all of which are compound fertilizers. The post-fruit fertilizer composed of compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and micro-fertilizer, micro-fertilizer includes borax, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate; the method of application is to dig fertilization ditch along the drip line of the crown, cover the soil and water after uniform application. The compound fertilizer of the present invention can meet the nutrient requirements for the growth and development of macadamia nuts, avoiding waste of resources and environmental risks; the set fertilizer and fertilization method can exert the potential of high-efficiency utilization of nutrients by the root system, and effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizers; Sustainable orchard construction.

Description

A special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts and its package fertilizer and fertilization method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of new agricultural fertilizers, and relates to a special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts, a set fertilizer and a fertilization method thereof.

Background technique

Macadamia nut, also known as Queensland fruit, Australian walnut and macadamia nut, belongs to the genus Macadamia in the dicotyledonous class Longanaceae. It is an evergreen tree fruit tree native to southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales, Australia. Macadamia nuts are rich in nutrition, with a fat content of more than 78%. They are the raw materials of various high-end snacks and cosmetics. They are very popular in the international market and have a high economic value. They are known as the "Queen of Dried Fruits".

The planting range of macadamia nuts has been gradually expanded in recent years. At present, it is mainly located between 34° north latitude (California, USA) and 30° south latitude (South Africa). It is planted in more than 20 countries and regions in the world. my country began to introduce macadamia nuts in the 1970s. At present, they are planted in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Hainan, Fujian, Sichuan and Guizhou. Among them, the planting area of Yunnan Province accounts for 94% of the national planting area. %, ranking first in the country. According to statistics from the South Asia Office of the Ministry of Agriculture, in 2015, the planting area of macadamia nuts in my country reached 127,800 hectares, accounting for 57.5% of the world's total planting area, ranking first in the world.

Taking Yunnan Province as an example, most of the orchards have been put into production, lack scientific and reasonable planning, and the degree of intensive management is low, especially the lack of scientific technical guidance in water and fertilizer management and pruning. The yield of macadamia nuts is generally low. Macadamia farmers lack scientific management. About 43% of them fertilize twice a year, and adopt the method of fertilization, which greatly reduces the efficiency of fertilizer use. Fruit growers also have various choices of fertilizer types. Most of them use compound fertilizers with a ratio of N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O of 15:15:15, and the amount of fertilizer applied is much higher than the demand of fruit trees, resulting in a huge waste of resources. . At the same time, macadamia nuts have a special root system--row root, which is a root cluster formed by low phosphorus induction and formed by a large number of limited-growing lateral roots like a brush, which can secrete a large amount of citric acid to efficiently activate rhizosphere soil. Insoluble phosphorus can improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of plants to soil phosphorus resources. Excessive application of fertilizers by farmers, especially phosphorus fertilizers, will inhibit the growth of roots of macadamia fruit trees, inhibit the biological potential of the fruit trees themselves, and reduce their absorption of soil nutrients.

Therefore, my country must increase the output and quality of macadamia nuts and reduce production costs in order to gain an advantage in the international macadamia nut industry competition. Achieving high yields of macadamia nuts depends largely on their nutrient levels. At present, developed countries such as the United States and Australia determine the amount of fertilization based on tree age, and then continuously improve the fertilization plan through leaf nutrition diagnosis to create a more reasonable macadamia nut fertilization management plan. However, the fertilization management of macadamia nuts in my country is still in the initial stage of exploration, and the understanding of the reasonable fertilization period, fertilization quantity, application ratio of various nutrient elements, and application methods of macadamia nuts is relatively shallow, and the management is unscientific. Unreasonable nutrient management and input is an important reason for the low yield of macadamia nuts. In view of the problems existing in the nutrient management of macadamia nuts in my country at the present stage, it is very important to propose a fertilization management plan suitable for macadamia nut planting in my country.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention provides a special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts, a set fertilizer and a fertilization method thereof.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme:

One aspect of the present invention provides a special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts, which specifically includes N components, P ₂ O ₅ components and K ₂ O components, wherein the weight ratio of N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O (18-21.5): (3.6-4.3): (15-17.2), and the total nutrient content of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O is 36.6-43%.

According to the principle of nutrient balance, the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is equal to the annual amount of nutrients taken away by each macadamia tree (annual growth amount + fruit taken away), based on the target output of 35kg/plant, each macadamia tree per year About 41g of N2, 56g of P ₂ O ₅ and 269g of K ₂ O need to be put in. However, due to the acidic soil in the south, the lack of magnesium is prone to occur, and there is an antagonistic effect between potassium and magnesium, so appropriately reducing the input of potassium is beneficial to the absorption of magnesium by macadamia fruit trees; in addition, because macadamia is an excretory Root crops have a strong ability to dig soil phosphorus. Excessive application of phosphorus fertilizers will adversely affect the growth of fruit trees. Therefore, the phosphorus content in macadamia special compound fertilizer is significantly lower than other fertilizers.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, in the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts, the weight ratio of N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O is 20:4:16, and the N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O with a total nutrient content of 40%.

Specifically, the N component is made of one or more of ammonium sulfate, urea and diammonium phosphate.

Specifically, the P ₂ O ₅ component is made of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and/or diammonium phosphate as raw materials.

Specifically, the K ₂ O component is made of potassium nitrate and/or potassium chloride.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a special package fertilizer for macadamia nuts, including pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruiting fertilizer, oil accumulation fertilizer and post-fruiting fertilizer applied to macadamia nuts in different growth periods. The strong fruit fertilizer and the oil content accumulation fertilizer are the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts described in claim 1, and the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts described in the described fruit post-fruit fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and claim 1, and the N in the described organic fertilizer , P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O nutrient contents are respectively 0.18-0.23%, 0.018-0.030% and 0.31-0.37%, and the micronutrient is (0.8-1.1):(8.5-12.4):( 3.6-4.2): (1.9-2.15) composed of borax, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

Because the soil in the macadamia nut planting area is acidic, it is prone to the lack of medium and trace elements, especially the lack of magnesium. Therefore, magnesium fertilizer is added to the micro-fertilizer; in addition, boron is beneficial to improve the fruit setting rate of macadamia nuts, iron and Zinc is an essential trace element for the growth and development of macadamia nut trees.

Specifically, taking Yunnan Province as an example, the annual growth of macadamia nuts is as follows: flowering in March, fruit expansion period in April-May, rapid fruit growth in June, oil accumulation period in July-August, and fruit ripening in September. According to the main growth period of macadamia nuts, before flowering in February, apply pre-flowering fertilizer to ensure the nutrients needed for normal flowering of fruit trees; after flowering, macadamia nuts begin to set fruit, and the fruit expands in about April to May, and the fruit-preserving fruit fertilizer is applied. It can ensure the healthy growth of fruit after fruit setting; when the fruit is accumulating oil in July-August, proper supply of nutrients is required to ensure the rapid accumulation of fruit oil; the post-fruit fertilizer applied after fruit harvesting is mainly used to supplement the nutrients of fruit trees due to fruit harvesting Loss, organic fertilizer crops are slow fertilizers, but they can improve the soil, promote the healthier growth of fruit trees, and lay the foundation for fruit trees to bloom and bear fruit in the coming year.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, in the post-fruit fertilizer, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and macadamia nut-specific compound fertilizer is (180-215): (16.5-18.2): (17-18.8) .

Further, in the above technical solution, the organic fertilizer is formed by crushing and composting macadamia nut peels, and the nutrient contents of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O in the organic fertilizer are respectively 0.212%, 0.025% and 0.337%.

Still further, in the above technical solution, in the micro-fertilizer, the mass ratio of borax, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 1:10:4:2.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a fertilization method for the above-mentioned macadamia nut special package fertilizer, comprising: applying the pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruiting fertilizer, oil accumulation fertilizer and post-fruiting fertilizer to the macadamia nuts sequentially in time .

The fertilization method of the above-mentioned package fertilizer for macadamia nuts specifically includes the following steps:

Apply a pre-flowering fertilizer before the macadamia nuts bloom (February), and apply 250-280g per macadamia tree;

During the macadamia fruit expansion period (end of April or beginning of May), apply a fruit-preserving and strong-fruit fertilizer, and apply 420-450g per macadamia tree;

Apply oil accumulation fertilizer once during the oil accumulation period of macadamia nuts (July), and apply 250-280g per macadamia tree;

After the harvest of macadamia nuts is completed (at the end of September or early October), a post-fruit fertilizer is applied, and each macadamia tree is applied with 420-450g of macadamia-specific compound fertilizer, 4800-5200g of organic fertilizer and 400-430g of micro-fertilizer.

Further, in the above technical solution, the fertilization method is to excavate a fertilization ditch along the crown drip line, and after uniform fertilization, cover with soil and water.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the cross section of the fertilization ditch is circular or semi-circular.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the depth of the fertilization ditch is 15-20cm.

Still further, in the above technical solution, the amount of watering is 15-20kg/plant.

Specifically, in the above technical solution, the macadamia-specific set fertilizer is suitable for application to the macadamia trees in production in Yunnan Province and similar ecological climate regions.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:

(1) The nutrient distribution ratio of the special compound fertilizer for macadamias provided by the present invention is scientifically and rationally designed according to the nutrient absorption characteristics of the growth and development of macadamia nuts, and can meet the nutrient requirements for the growth and development of macadamia nuts;

(2) The application amount of the special compound fertilizer for macadamias provided by the present invention is designed according to the demand of macadamia nuts, which avoids the waste of resources and environmental risks caused by the excessive use of fertilizers by farmers who grow macadamia nuts in my country;

(3) The special package fertilizer for macadamias provided by the present invention and the corresponding fertilization method can bring into play the potential of efficient utilization of nutrients by the root system, and effectively improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer;

(4) The micro-fertilizer in the macadamia special package fertilizer provided by the present invention supplements a variety of medium and trace elements needed for the growth and development of macadamia nuts, and can alleviate the symptoms of medium and trace element deficiency and poisoning symptoms that occur in a large number of macadamia nut orchards at present, It is conducive to the establishment of healthy trees and sustainable orchard construction.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manner of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples.

The following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

The raw materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

The embodiment of the present invention provides a special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts, which specifically includes N component, P ₂ O ₅ component and K ₂ O component, wherein the weight ratio of N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O is 20 :4:16, and the total nutrient content of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O is 40%.

Specifically, the N component is made of ammonium sulfate, urea or diammonium phosphate.

Specifically, the P ₂ O ₅ component is made of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or diammonium phosphate as raw material.

Specifically, the K ₂ O component is made of potassium nitrate or potassium chloride.

Example 2

The embodiment of the present invention provides a special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts, which specifically includes N component, P ₂ O ₅ component and K ₂ O component, wherein the weight ratio of N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O is 21.2 : 3.75: 16.8, and the total nutrient content of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O is 38.5%.

Specifically, the specific raw materials of the N component, the P ₂ O ₅ component and the K ₂ O component are similar to those in Example 1.

Example 3

The embodiment of the present invention provides a special package fertilizer for macadamia nuts, which specifically includes pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruiting fertilizer, oil accumulation fertilizer and post-fruiting fertilizer applied in different growth periods, wherein the pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruiting fertilizer The fertilizer and oil accumulation fertilizer are the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts provided in Example 1, and the post-fruit fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts provided in Example 1, and the organic fertilizer is pulverized by macadamia nut peel Formed by stack retting, its nutrient content is N 0.212%, P ₂ O ₅ 0.025%, K ₂ O 0.337%, and the micro-fertilizer is composed of borax, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and Composition of zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

Further, in the above-mentioned post-fruit fertilizer, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, the micro-fertilizer and the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts is 5000:425:450.

Specifically, the fertilization method of the special set fertilizer for macadamia nuts includes applying the pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruiting fertilizer, oil-accumulating fertilizer and post-fruiting fertilizer to the macadamia nuts sequentially in time.

In detail, the fertilization method of the above-mentioned package fertilizer for macadamia nuts specifically includes the following steps:

Apply a pre-flower fertilizer before macadamia blooms (February), and apply 250g per macadamia tree;

During the period of macadamia fruit expansion (at the end of April or the beginning of May), apply a fruit-preserving and strong fruit fertilizer, and apply 450g per macadamia tree;

Apply an oil accumulation fertilizer in the macadamia oil accumulation period (July), and apply 250g of each macadamia tree;

Apply a post-fruit fertilizer (at the end of September or early October) after the harvest of macadamia nuts, and apply 5875g per macadamia tree, including 450g of compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts, 5000g of organic fertilizer and 425g of micro-fertilizer.

Specifically, the method of application is to excavate a fertilization ditch with a circular cross-section and a depth of 15 cm along the drip line of the crown of the macadamia tree. After uniform application, cover the soil and water 15-20 kg/plant.

Example 4

The embodiment of the present invention provides a special package fertilizer for macadamia nuts. Its specific composition, fertilization method and application method are similar to those in Example 3, the only difference being that the compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts used is the Australian macadamia nut fertilizer provided in Example 2. Special compound fertilizer for nuts.

Comparative example 1

Comparative Example 1 of the present invention provides a customary conventional fertilization method for macadamia nuts, specifically, the weight ratio of N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O in the fertilizer is 15:15:15, and the annual fertilization is 3 times, respectively. Fertilize in February, early May and September, each fertilization 1.8kg/plant; its method of application is to spread evenly under the macadamia fruit tree.

Comparative example 2

Comparative Example 2 of the present invention provides a set fertilizer for macadamia nuts, its specific composition, fertilization method and application method are similar to Example 3, the only difference is that the compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts used is N:P ₂ O ₅ : The weight ratio of K ₂ O was 15:15:15, and the application amount of the fertilizer was the same as in Example 3.

Comparative example 3

Comparative example 3 of the present invention provides a special set fertilizer for macadamia nuts. Its specific composition, fertilization method and application method are similar to those of Example 3, the only difference is that only compound fertilizer is used for the fruit fertilizer, and the application amount is the same as that of Example 3. 3 are the same, and the quality of the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts in the pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruiting fertilizer, oil accumulation fertilizer and post-fruiting fertilizer is the same as that of Example 3.

Comparative example 4

Comparative Example 4 of the present invention provides a special package fertilizer for macadamia nuts. Its specific composition and fertilization method are similar to those of Example 3, the only difference being that the application method is uniform spreading in the macadamia orchard.

Effect verification test

From 2017 to 2018, a macadamia nut fertilizer verification test was arranged in Jingha Township, Xishuangbanna Prefecture for two consecutive years. The test is a randomized block test, and 6 groups are set up. Each group selects 15 fruit trees with the same tree age and basically similar growth. Among them, Group A and Group B correspond to Example 3 and Example 4 respectively, Group C and Group D Group, Group E and Group F correspond to Comparative Examples 1-4 respectively.

results and analysis

1. The impact of macadamia fruit yield

As shown in Table 1 below, by comparing the field yield data of two years, it can be obtained that in the first year of the test arrangement, the fruit tree yield of macadamia special fertilizer applied in the method of this application is compared with all other fertilization methods including traditional fertilization , the average yield of each fruit tree was only increased by nearly 1kg, and there was no significant difference; and in the second year, the yield of fruit trees using the special fertilizer for macadamia nuts using the method of this application increased significantly compared with the yield of all other fertilization methods , an increase of about 38.6%; the results show that the application of the special fertilizer for macadamia of the present invention can effectively promote the increase in yield of macadamia fruit trees.

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on macadamia fruit yield

2. The effect of macadamia fruit growth

In order to further explore its influence on macadamia nut fruit, the fruit single seed weight, fruit transverse diameter and fruit longitudinal diameter of each group treated for two years were respectively detected.

The specific results are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2 Effects of different treatments on macadamia fruit growth

By comparison, it was found that there was no significant difference in the fruit single seed weight, fruit particle diameter, and fruit longitudinal diameter of each treatment group in 2017; and in the second year, the fruit single seed weight of macadamia special fertilizer applied in the method of this application was higher than that of all other treatments. The single seed weight of the fruit in other fertilization methods all increased significantly, compared with the traditional fertilization method (comparative example 1), the single seed weight increased by 39%, and the fruit longitudinal diameter increased by 4%. The increase of particle size and single seed weight of the fruit indicates that the size of the fruit increases. In the market, larger fruits are generally more popular than small fruits.

In summary, it can be known that applying the macadamia special fertilizer of the present invention, and using the series of fertilization techniques recommended by the present invention, can effectively improve the yield of fruit trees. In the second year of the test arrangement, compared with traditional fertilization, the present invention's treatment of a single fruit tree The yield increased by more than 38.6%, the single grain weight increased by more than 39%, and the fruit longitudinal diameter increased by more than 4%. It shows that the special fertilizer for macadamia nuts of the present invention can effectively promote the increase of macadamia fruit trees and increase the size of the fruit.

Finally, the above are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts, characterized in that it comprises an N component, a P ₂ O ₅ component and a K ₂ O component, wherein the N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O weight ratio is (18-21.5): (3.6-4.3): (15-17.2), and the total nutrient content of N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O is 36.6-43%. 2. The special compound fertilizer for macadamias according to claim 1, characterized in that, the weight ratio of N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O is 20:4:16, and the N, P ₂ O ₅ The total nutrient content of K ₂ O is 40%, the N component is made of one or more of ammonium sulfate, urea and diammonium phosphate, and the P ₂ O ₅ component is made of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and/or or diammonium phosphate as raw material, and the K ₂ O component is made of potassium nitrate and/or potassium chloride as raw material. 3. A special package fertilizer for macadamia nuts, characterized in that it includes pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruiting fertilizer, oil accumulation fertilizer and post-fruiting fertilizer for macadamia nuts in different growth periods, and the pre-flowering fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong Fruit fertilizer and oil content accumulation fertilizer are the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts described in claim 1, and described after fruit fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and the special compound fertilizer for macadamia nuts described in claim 1, in the described organic fertilizer, N, The nutrient contents of P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ O are respectively 0.18-0.23%, 0.018-0.030% and 0.31-0.37%, and the mass ratio of the micronutrient is (0.8-1.1):(8.5-12.4):(3.6 -4.2): (1.9-2.15) composed of borax, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate. 4. the special set fertilizer for macadamia nuts according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in the described fruit fertilizer, the mass ratio of the organic fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and macadamia nuts special compound fertilizer is (180-215):( 16.5-18.2): (17-18.8). 5. The special package fertilizer for macadamia nuts according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, the organic fertilizer is formed by crushing and composting macadamia nut peels, and in the organic fertilizer, N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂ The nutrient contents of O were 0.212%, 0.025% and 0.337%, respectively. 6. The macadamia nut special package fertilizer according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, in the micro-fertilizer, the mass ratio of borax, ferrous sulfate, magnesium sulfate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 1:10 :4:2. 7. A fertilization method of the special package fertilizer for macadamia nuts as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, the macadamia nuts are applied sequentially in time with the pre-bloom fertilizer, fruit-preserving and strong-fruit fertilizer, oil accumulation fertilizer and fruit fertilizer. Post-fertilization specifically includes the following steps: Apply a pre-flowering fertilizer before the macadamia nuts bloom, and apply 250-280g per macadamia tree; Apply a fruit-preserving and strong fruit fertilizer once during the macadamia fruit expansion period, and apply 420-450g per macadamia tree; Apply an oil accumulation fertilizer once during the oil accumulation period of macadamia nuts, and apply 250-280g per macadamia tree; After the harvest of macadamia nuts is completed, the post-fruit fertilizer is applied once, and each macadamia tree is applied with 420-450g of macadamia-specific compound fertilizer, 4800-5200g of organic fertilizer and 400-430g of micro-fertilizer. 8. The fertilization method according to claim 7, characterized in that, the application method is to excavate a fertilization ditch along the crown drip line, and after uniform application, cover with soil and water. 9. fertilization method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, The section of the fertilization ditch is circular or semi-circular; And/or, the depth of the fertilization ditch is 15-20cm; And/or, the amount of watering is 15-20kg/plant. 10 . The fertilization method according to claim 8 , wherein the macadamia-specific package fertilizer is suitable for being applied to macadamia trees in production in Yunnan Province and similar ecological climate regions. 11 .