CN103004350A - Balanced fertilization method for planting of coffea arabica - Google Patents
Balanced fertilization method for planting of coffea arabica Download PDFInfo
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- CN103004350A CN103004350A CN2012105639633A CN201210563963A CN103004350A CN 103004350 A CN103004350 A CN 103004350A CN 2012105639633 A CN2012105639633 A CN 2012105639633A CN 201210563963 A CN201210563963 A CN 201210563963A CN 103004350 A CN103004350 A CN 103004350A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant fertilization, and relates to a plant nutrition balanced fertilization technology, in particular to a balanced fertilization method for economic plant coffea arabica in the cultivating process. The balanced fertilization method for planting of the coffea arabica comprises the following steps: A, field planting and basic fertilizer fertilization; B, soil sample detection; C, additional fertilizer preparation and application; and D, leaf surface top-dressing. Compared with the traditional fertilization method, the balanced fertilization method performs fertilization respectively in different periods according to the characteristics of fertilizers required by coffea arabica, so as to improve the effectiveness of fertilizers; and microelements are supplemented, so that favorable nutrition is provided for the growth of the coffee plant, high and stable yield is ensured, and the yield can be increased by 15-18 percent on the basis of the original yield. The balanced fertilization method is combined with the earth surface to apply a large amount of elements and leaf surface spraying microelements, so as to meet the needs of coffea arabica to different elements, greatly improves the effectiveness of fertilizers, obviously improves the yield of coffea arabica, reduces losses of fertilizers, and saves the production cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant fertilizer practice field, relate to the plant nutrition technique of balanced fertilizer, be specifically related to the balanced fertilizing method in a kind of economic plants arabiancoffee cultivation process.
Background technology
Coffee is one of the world's three large beverages, food take coffee as raw material production has hundreds of, along with the raising of people's living standard, under the condition that guarantees certain output, quality becomes the focus that people pay close attention to, and these coffee food are because consuming convenient and the being rich in nutrition consumer's of receiving greatly favor.Wherein Coffea Arabica (
Coffea arabica) have the characteristics such as output height, coffee beans be best in quality, disease-resistant, introduce a fine variety the history in existing more than 100 year in Yunnan Province, wherein Pu'er is coffee main producing region, Yunnan, also is the golden mile of world's plantation coffee.On cultivated area and output, Yunnan coffee has played leading position at the national level.The natural conditions of adding the Yunnan uniqueness have formed the uniqueness of Yunnan arabiancoffee taste, are rated as top grade in the coffee in international coffee market.Yet output, quality are inseparable with the agricultural measures (water and fertilizer management) in the cultivation process, also have influence on from the side the fluctuation of product price and the income at coffee plantation family.Therefore, for the needs that adapt in the future Coffee Production development and satisfy the human lives, take the high-production synthetic match technology means to necessitate with output and the quality that improves coffee.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for large to the coffee demand on the market, yield poorly, the present situation such as quality is unstable, for the fertilizing method in a kind of arabiancoffee cultivation effective, simple to operate is provided on producing.Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
A kind of balanced fertilizing method of arabiancoffee plantation may further comprise the steps:
A, field planting and basal dressing: the annual 6-9 month, pool distance by 1m * 2m is dug the pool, the specification on the pool: long * wide * be 40cm * 40cm * 40cm deeply, at the bottom of the pool, press 50-80 gram/strain basal dressing, mix thoroughly and execute with soil and base manure, again will be with the arabiancoffee seedling field planting of 3-5 sheet true leaf at center, the pool;
B, soil specimen detect: after the arabiancoffee strain reaches 3 years age, choose at random several points in the arabiancoffee planting base, gather soil specimen, soil specimen is dry, carry out pre-treatment, the conventional detection method of employing detects soil nutrient, mainly detects the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron;
C, the preparation and using of topdressing: according to soil specimen nutrient testing result and the relevant soil criteria for classifying, determine the soil property in this plantation plot, again in conjunction with coffee main product state coffee plants grow needed nutrient, in mass ratio N:P
2O
5: K
2The ratio of O=1:0.2-1.5:0.2-1.5 is calculated needed nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, Potassium Fertilizer, and computational methods are according to contained N, P in aforementioned proportion and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, three kinds of fertilizer of potash fertilizer
2O
5, K
2The content of O calculates, at last these three kinds of abundant mixings of fertilizer are formulated as and topdress, in March, June, September and the late December in every year from the ground of plant 20-30cm by opening a semicircular ditch, ditch depth 5-10cm, to topdress again and be sprinkling upon equably in the ditch by the 80-150g/ strain is inferior, cover with soil at last, each fertilizing amount is identical;
D, foliage spray: boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer in mass ratio the proportional arrangement concentration of B:Zn=1:3 are the solution of 0.05-0.50%, carry out foliage-spray in annual April, August.
Described base manure is fused calcium magnesium phosphate.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, and phosphate fertilizer is normal superphosphate, double superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate, potassium chloride.
Described boron fertilizer is borax, boric acid, and zinc fertilizer is that zinc sulphate, zinc add selenium, white vitriol and monohydrate zinc sulphate.
Beneficial effect:
1, compares with the traditional fertilization method, the present invention is according to the required fertilizer characteristics of coffee, apply fertilizer at different times respectively, improve the validity of fertilizer, and microelement-supplementing, for the coffee plants growth provides good nutrition, for stable high yield provides safeguard, output can be increased production 15-18% on original basis.
2, top application is micro-with macroelement and foliage-spray in combination for the method, satisfies coffee to the demand of different elements, greatly improves the validity of fertilizer, can obviously improve coffee output, reduces fertilizer loss, saves production cost.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of balanced fertilizing method of arabiancoffee plantation may further comprise the steps:
A, field planting and basal dressing: the annual 6-9 month, pool distance by 1m * 2m is dug the pool, the specification on the pool: long * wide * be 40cm * 40cm * 40cm deeply, at the bottom of the pool, press 50 gram/strain basal dressings, execute with native mixing thoroughly with base manure, base manure is fused calcium magnesium phosphate, again will be with the arabiancoffee seedling field planting of 3-5 sheet true leaf at center, the pool;
B, soil specimen detect: after the arabiancoffee strain reaches 3 years age, in the graceful dam coffee planting site of having a rest of Puer City Simao District, choose at random 30 points, gather soil specimen, soil specimen is dry, carry out pre-treatment, the conventional detection method of employing detects soil nutrient, mainly detects the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron; Testing result is that the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron are respectively 15.6g.kg
-1, 0.7 g.kg
-1, 3.2mg.kg
-1, 117.5 mg.kg
-1, 0.56m.e/100g, 2.0 mg.kg
-1, 0.34 mg.kg
-1
C, the preparation and using of topdressing: according to soil specimen nutrient testing result and the relevant soil criteria for classifying, determine the soil property in this plantation plot, again in conjunction with coffee main product state coffee plants grow needed nutrient, in mass ratio N:P
2O
5: K
2The ratio of O=1:1.5:0.2 is calculated needed urea, normal superphosphate, potassium sulphate consumption, and computational methods are according to contained N, P in aforementioned proportion and urea, normal superphosphate, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium sulphate
2O
5, K
2The content of O calculates, at last these three kinds of abundant mixings of fertilizer are formulated as and topdress, in March, June, September and the late December in every year from the ground of plant 20-30cm by opening a semicircular ditch, ditch depth 5-10cm, to topdress again and be sprinkling upon equably in the ditch by the 80g/ strain is inferior, cover with soil at last, each fertilizing amount is identical;
D, foliage spray: borax, zinc sulphate in mass ratio the proportional arrangement concentration of B:Zn=1:3 are 0.05% solution, carry out foliage-spray in annual April, August.
Embodiment 2
A kind of balanced fertilizing method of arabiancoffee plantation may further comprise the steps:
A, field planting and basal dressing: the annual 6-9 month, pool distance by 1m * 2m is dug the pool, the specification on the pool: long * wide * be 40cm * 40cm * 40cm deeply, at the bottom of the pool, press 60 gram/strain basal dressings, execute with native mixing thoroughly with base manure, base manure is fused calcium magnesium phosphate, again will be with the arabiancoffee seedling field planting of 3-5 sheet true leaf at center, the pool;
B, soil specimen detect: after the arabiancoffee strain reaches 3 years age, in the graceful dam coffee planting site of having a rest of Puer City Simao District, choose at random 30 points, gather soil specimen, soil specimen is dry, carry out pre-treatment, the conventional detection method of employing detects soil nutrient, mainly detects the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron; Testing result is that the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron are respectively 15.6g.kg
-1, 0.7 g.kg
-1, 3.2mg.kg
-1, 117.5 mg.kg
-1, 0.56m.e/100g, 2.0 mg.kg
-1, 0.34 mg.kg
-1
C, the preparation and using of topdressing: according to soil specimen nutrient testing result and the relevant soil criteria for classifying, determine the soil property in this plantation plot, again in conjunction with coffee main product state coffee plants grow needed nutrient, in mass ratio N:P
2O
5: K
2The ratio of O=1:1:0.5 is calculated needed carbonic hydroammonium, normal superphosphate, potassium sulphate consumption, and computational methods are according to contained N, P in aforementioned proportion and carbonic hydroammonium, normal superphosphate, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium sulphate
2O
5, K
2The content of O calculates, at last these three kinds of abundant mixings of fertilizer are formulated as and topdress, in March, June, September and the late December in every year from the ground of plant 20-30cm by opening a semicircular ditch, ditch depth 5-10cm, to topdress again and be sprinkling upon equably in the ditch by the 100g/ strain is inferior, cover with soil at last, each fertilizing amount is identical;
D, foliage spray: borax, zinc add selenium in mass ratio the proportional arrangement concentration of B:Zn=1:3 be 0.2% solution, carry out foliage-spray in annual April, August.
Embodiment 3
A kind of balanced fertilizing method of arabiancoffee plantation may further comprise the steps:
A, field planting and basal dressing: the annual 6-9 month, pool distance by 1m * 2m is dug the pool, the specification on the pool: long * wide * be 40cm * 40cm * 40cm deeply, at the bottom of the pool, press 70 gram/strain basal dressings, execute with native mixing thoroughly with base manure, base manure is fused calcium magnesium phosphate, again will be with the arabiancoffee seedling field planting of 3-5 sheet true leaf at center, the pool;
B, soil specimen detect: after the arabiancoffee strain reaches 3 years age, in the Simao District tea grove coffee planting site of Puer City, choose at random 50 points, gather soil specimen, soil specimen is dry, carry out pre-treatment, the conventional detection method of employing detects soil nutrient, mainly detects the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron; Testing result is that the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron then are respectively 21.9 g.kg
-1, 1.0 g.kg
-1, 4.1mg.kg
-1, 109.0 mg.kg
-1, 1.46m.e/100g, 1.2 mg.kg
-1, 0.25 mg.kg
-1
C, the preparation and using of topdressing: according to soil specimen nutrient testing result and the relevant soil criteria for classifying, determine the soil property in this plantation plot, again in conjunction with coffee main product state coffee plants grow needed nutrient, in mass ratio N:P
2O
5: K
2The ratio of O=1:0.5:1 is calculated needed ammonium chloride, double superphosphate, potassium chloride dosage, and computational methods are according to contained N, P in aforementioned proportion and ammonium chloride, double superphosphate, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium chloride
2O
5, K
2The content of O calculates, at last these three kinds of abundant mixings of fertilizer are formulated as and topdress, in March, June, September and the late December in every year from the ground of plant 20-30cm by opening a semicircular ditch, ditch depth 5-10cm, to topdress again and be sprinkling upon equably in the ditch by the 120g/ strain is inferior, cover with soil at last, each fertilizing amount is identical;
D, foliage spray: boric acid, white vitriol in mass ratio the proportional arrangement concentration of B:Zn=1:3 are 0.30% solution, carry out foliage-spray in annual April, August.
Embodiment 4
A kind of balanced fertilizing method of arabiancoffee plantation may further comprise the steps:
A, field planting and basal dressing: the annual 6-9 month, pool distance by 1m * 2m is dug the pool, the specification on the pool: long * wide * be 40cm * 40cm * 40cm deeply, at the bottom of the pool, press 80 gram/strain basal dressings, execute with native mixing thoroughly with base manure, base manure is fused calcium magnesium phosphate, again will be with the arabiancoffee seedling field planting of 3-5 sheet true leaf at center, the pool;
B, soil specimen detect: after the arabiancoffee strain reaches 3 years age, in the Simao District tea grove coffee planting site of Puer City, choose at random 50 points, gather soil specimen, soil specimen is dry, carry out pre-treatment, the conventional detection method of employing detects soil nutrient, mainly detects the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron; Testing result is that the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron then are respectively 21.9 g.kg
-1, 1.0 g.kg
-1, 4.1mg.kg
-1, 109.0 mg.kg
-1, 1.46m.e/100g, 1.2 mg.kg
-1, 0.25 mg.kg
-1
C, the preparation and using of topdressing: according to soil specimen nutrient testing result and the relevant soil criteria for classifying, determine the soil property in this plantation plot, again in conjunction with coffee main product state coffee plants grow needed nutrient, in mass ratio N:P
2O
5: K
2The ratio of O=1:0.2:1.5 is calculated needed ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, potassium chloride dosage, and computational methods are according to contained N, P in aforementioned proportion and ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, three kinds of fertilizer of potassium chloride
2O
5, K
2The content of O calculates, at last these three kinds of abundant mixings of fertilizer are formulated as and topdress, in March, June, September and the late December in every year from the ground of plant 20-30cm by opening a semicircular ditch, ditch depth 5-10cm, to topdress again and be sprinkling upon equably in the ditch by the 150g/ strain is inferior, cover with soil at last, each fertilizing amount is identical;
D, foliage spray: boric acid, monohydrate zinc sulphate in mass ratio the proportional arrangement concentration of B:Zn=1:3 are 0.50% solution, carry out foliage-spray in annual April, August.
Claims (5)
1. the balanced fertilizing method of arabiancoffee plantation is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, field planting and basal dressing: the annual 6-9 month, pool distance by 1m * 2m is dug the pool, the specification on the pool: long * wide * be 40cm * 40cm * 40cm deeply, at the bottom of the pool, press 50-80 gram/strain basal dressing, mix thoroughly and execute with soil and base manure, again will be with the arabiancoffee seedling field planting of 3-5 sheet true leaf in the pool;
B, soil specimen detect: after the arabiancoffee strain reaches 3 years age, choose at random several points in the arabiancoffee planting base, gather soil specimen, soil specimen is dry, carry out pre-treatment, the conventional detection method of employing detects soil nutrient, mainly detects the soil organic matter, full nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, effective zinc and effective boron;
C, the preparation and using of topdressing: according to soil specimen nutrient testing result and the relevant soil criteria for classifying, determine the soil property in this plantation plot, again in conjunction with coffee main product state coffee plants grow needed nutrient, in mass ratio N:P
2O
5: K
2The ratio of O=1:0.2-1.5:0.2-1.5 is calculated needed nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, Potassium Fertilizer, and computational methods are according to contained N, P in aforementioned proportion and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, three kinds of fertilizer of potash fertilizer
2O
5, K
2The content of O calculates, at last these three kinds of abundant mixings of fertilizer are formulated as and topdress, in March, June, September and the late December in every year from the ground of plant 20-30cm by opening a semicircular ditch, ditch depth 5-10cm, to topdress again and be sprinkling upon equably in the ditch by the 80-150g/ strain is inferior, cover with soil at last, each fertilizing amount is identical;
D, foliage spray: boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer in mass ratio the proportional arrangement concentration of B:Zn=1:3 are the solution of 0.05-0.50%, carry out foliage-spray in annual April, August.
2. the balanced fertilizing method of a kind of arabiancoffee plantation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described base manure is fused calcium magnesium phosphate.
3. according to claim 1, the balanced fertilizing method of 2 described a kind of arabiancoffee plantations, it is characterized in that: described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, phosphate fertilizer is normal superphosphate, double superphosphate, and potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate, potassium chloride.
4. according to claim 1, the balanced fertilizing method of 2 described a kind of arabiancoffees plantations, it is characterized in that: described boron fertilizer is borax, boric acid, zinc fertilizer is that zinc sulphate, zinc add selenium, white vitriol and monohydrate zinc sulphate.
5. the balanced fertilizing method of a kind of arabiancoffee plantation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described boron fertilizer is borax, boric acid, zinc fertilizer is that zinc sulphate, zinc add selenium, white vitriol and monohydrate zinc sulphate.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN105941049A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-21 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Cultivation method for improving root activity of coffee |
| CN108713431A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-10-30 | 普洱嘉龙商贸有限公司 | A method of planting arabiancoffee in the pool |
| CN109220447A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition |
| CN110892864A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-03-20 | 海南农垦大丰咖啡产业集团有限公司 | Asexual high-yield coffee breeding method |
| CN111406487A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-14 | 宁洱县普义乡林农咖啡种植农民专业合作社 | Balanced fertilization method for coffee planting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105941049A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-21 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Cultivation method for improving root activity of coffee |
| CN108713431A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-10-30 | 普洱嘉龙商贸有限公司 | A method of planting arabiancoffee in the pool |
| CN109220447A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-18 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of shade method of dry hot gas arabiancoffee under fertilizer application condition |
| CN110892864A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-03-20 | 海南农垦大丰咖啡产业集团有限公司 | Asexual high-yield coffee breeding method |
| CN111406487A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-07-14 | 宁洱县普义乡林农咖啡种植农民专业合作社 | Balanced fertilization method for coffee planting |
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| CN103004350B (en) | 2014-12-24 |
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| C53 | Correction of patent of invention or patent application | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Yao Tianquan Inventor after: Cai Chuantao Inventor after: Wang Hua Inventor after: Liu Yongming Inventor after: Zhou Qinghui Inventor after: Liu Guizhou Inventor after: Hai Lian Inventor before: Yao Tianquan Inventor before: Cai Chuantao Inventor before: Wang Hua Inventor before: Liu Yongming Inventor before: Zhou Qinghui Inventor before: Liu Gui Inventor before: Zhou Hailian |
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| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: YAO TIANQUAN CAI CHUANTAO WANG HUA LIU YONGMING ZHOU QINGHUI LIU GUI ZHOU HAILIAN TO: YAO TIANQUAN CAI CHUANTAO WANG HUA LIU YONGMING ZHOU QINGHUI LIU GUIZHOU HAI LIAN |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141224 Termination date: 20191224 |